There is growing evidence that serum lipid concentrations may be associated with attempted suicide in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but these findings remain controversial. Thus, we ...performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the associations between serum lipid concentrations and attempted suicide in MDD patients.
Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the China National Knowledge Library) were searched for relevant literature up to 10 February 2020. We used a random-effects model based on heterogeneity amongst studies and generated pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs).
Thirty-two studies comprising 7,068 subjects met the inclusion criteria. A pooled analysis showed that compared with non-attempters, MDD patients who had attempted suicide had significantly lower serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) (SMD: -0.63, 95% CI: -0.83 to -0.44) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD: -0.69, 95% CI: -1.04 to -0.34), but the serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD: -0.12, 95% CI: -0.33 to 0.10) and triglycerides (TGs) (SMD: 0.00, 95% CI: -0.20 to 0.20) were not significantly different between the two groups. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis indicated that heterogeneity with respect to TC concentrations may be due to different ages (p = 0.041) and sample sizes (p = 0.016) of studies, and that heterogeneity with respect to HDL-C concentrations may be partly due to different settings of studies (p = 0.017).
This meta-analysis demonstrated that lower concentrations of TC and LDL-C, but not of HDL-C and TGs, were associated with attempted suicide in MDD patients. This indicates that TC and LDL-C may be useful as biological markers for predicting whether MDD patients may attempt to commit suicide.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Highly efficient and general Ir-catalyzed hydrosilylation of unactivated alkenes with excellent anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity was described. A broad scope of hydrosilylated products were ...synthesized economically and conveniently from commercially or naturally available compounds, which provides versatile valuable precursors for organic and medicinal studies.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Chiral organic polymers have considerable potential in solution-processable circularly polarized organic light emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) due to their simple, low cost and large-area processing. ...Achiral conjugated poly(9,9-di-
n
-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-
alt
-(benzo2,1,3-thiadiazol-4,8-diyl) (F8BT) is a donor-acceptor copolymer with superior characteristics including its ability to uniformly disperse chiral dopants and form homogeneous and smooth films. This paper describes the design and development of blue-emission chiral enantiomers
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bearing pyrene groups as fluorophores and 2,2′-methylenedioxy-1,1′-binaphthalene moieties as chiral sources. Enantiomers
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exhibit high thermal properties, outstanding photoluminescence properties and sufficient solubility in common organic reagents. The CP-OLEDs using
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as the blue emission emitting layer show excellent efficiency, high brightness, and low turn-on voltage in non-doped OLEDs. Moreover, we further employed achiral conjugated fluorescent polymer F8BT, blended with blue-emitting chiral dopants (
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), as the device emitting layer. The CP-OLEDs based on blends of F8BT + 10%
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showed low turn-on voltage (
V
on
= 4.1 V), excellent current efficiencies (4.19 cd A
−1
for F8BT + 10%
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and 4.06 cd A
−1
for F8BT + 10%
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), and high brightness (21797.8 cd m
−2
for F8BT + 10%
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and 20572.6 cd m
−2
for F8BT + 10%
S
-3
). To our knowledge, this is, to date, the best device performance using blends of achiral fluorescent polymers and chiral inducers in solution-processable CP-PLEDs. The outcomes obtained in this study can provide us with a valuable reference for future studies on the induced CPL-active device design.
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The CP-OLEDs used achiral conjugated fluorescent polymer F8BT, blended with blue-emitting chiral dopants (
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S
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), as the device emitting layer. High brightness CP-EL from fluorescent polymer F8BT could be induced by chiral enantiomers
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S
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.
Using aerial cameras, satellite remote sensing or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with cameras can facilitate search and rescue tasks after disasters. The traditional manual interpretation of ...huge aerial images is inefficient and could be replaced by machine learning-based methods combined with image processing techniques. Given the development of machine learning, researchers find that convolutional neural networks can effectively extract features from images. Some target detection methods based on deep learning, such as the single-shot multibox detector (SSD) algorithm, can achieve better results than traditional methods. However, the impressive performance of machine learning-based methods results from the numerous labeled samples. Given the complexity of post-disaster scenarios, obtaining many samples in the aftermath of disasters is difficult. To address this issue, a damaged building assessment method using SSD with pretraining and data augmentation is proposed in the current study and highlights the following aspects. (1) Objects can be detected and classified into undamaged buildings, damaged buildings, and ruins. (2) A convolution auto-encoder (CAE) that consists of VGG16 is constructed and trained using unlabeled post-disaster images. As a transfer learning strategy, the weights of the SSD model are initialized using the weights of the CAE counterpart. (3) Data augmentation strategies, such as image mirroring, rotation, Gaussian blur, and Gaussian noise processing, are utilized to augment the training data set. As a case study, aerial images of Hurricane Sandy in 2012 were maximized to validate the proposed method’s effectiveness. Experiments show that the pretraining strategy can improve of 10% in terms of overall accuracy compared with the SSD trained from scratch. These experiments also demonstrate that using data augmentation strategies can improve mAP and mF1 by 72% and 20%, respectively. Finally, the experiment is further verified by another dataset of Hurricane Irma, and it is concluded that the paper method is feasible.
•An overview of the DT initiatives and research developments for the design optimization and intelligent transformation of nuclear energy systems in many nations is provided to give a trend of ...Digital Twin for Nuclear Reactor System (DTNRS) development.•Four properties of DTNRS are summarized, which are given by the block definition diagram of Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) philosophy.•A systematic and hierarchical “V” architecture based on the MBSE philosophy, which reflects the digital-related technologies of the DTNRS throughout the whole life cycle is proposed to bridge the gap between thermal-hydraulic numerical simulation and theoretical research of DT.•A prospective application scenario of DT in nuclear energy is pictured. A four-layered decomposition construction model is developed, and the five-step instructive demonstration of the DTNRS is given based on a Generation III (GEN-III) reactor with its visualized condition map.
Digital Twin (DT) technology has gained significant attention in various areas, including nuclear energy. Technologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, and high-fidelity modeling and simulation have been studied to further the digitalization of the nuclear industry. In this paper, an overview of the DT initiatives and developments for the design optimization and intelligent transformation of nuclear energy systems is described to provide a development trend of DT technology for nuclear reactors. For the design of DT for complex systems such as nuclear reactors, Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) technology offers requirements models, design processes, and system verification that are clearer, more precise, and more comprehensive. Four properties of Digital Twin for Nuclear Reactor System (DTNRS) are summarized, which are given by the block definition diagram of MBSE philosophy. Then, to bridge the gap between numerical models and theoretical research of DT, a systematic and hierarchical “V” architecture is proposed, which reflects the digital-related technologies of the DTNRS throughout the whole life cycle. Furthermore, a four-layered decomposition construction model is developed and a prospective application scenario of DTNRS is pictured. Finally, the five-step instructive demonstration of the DTNRS is given based on a Generation III (GEN-III) reactor with its visualized condition map.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Artemisinin (ART) has been found to exert anti-tumor activity by regulating the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor invasion and metastasis. Its derivatives (ARTs) can ...regulate the expression of drug-resistant proteins and reverse the multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumor cells by inhibiting intracellular drug efflux, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of tumor cells, thus enhancing the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent studies have shown that nanodrugs play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, which can effectively solve the shortcomings of poor hydrophilicity and low bioavailability of ARTs in the human body, prolong the in vivo circulation time, improve the targeting of drugs (including tumor tissues or specific organelles), and control the release of drugs in target tissues, thereby reducing the side effect. This review systematically summarized the latest research progress of nano-strategies of ARTs to enhance the efficiency of MDR reversal in breast cancer (BC) from the following two aspects: (1) Chemicals encapsulated in nanomaterials based on innovative anti-proliferation mechanism: non-ABC transporter receptor candidate related to ferroptosis (dihydroartemisinin/DHA analogs). (2) Combination therapy strategy of nanomedicine (drug-drug combination therapy, drug-gene combination, and chemical-physical therapy). Self-assembled nano-delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy through increased drug loading, rapid reactive release, optimized delivery sequence, and realization of cascade-increasing effects. New nanotechnology methods must be designed for specific delivery routines to achieve targeting administration and overcome MDR without affecting normal cells. The significance of this review is to expect that ART and ARTs can be widely used in clinical practice. In the future, nanotechnology can help people to treat multidrug resistance of breast cancer more accurately and efficiently.
We have sequenced and assembled a draft genome of G. raimondii, whose progenitor is the putative contributor of the D subgenome to the economically important fiber-producing cotton species Gossypium ...hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense. Over 73% of the assembled sequences were anchored on 13 G. raimondii chromosomes. The genome contains 40,976 protein-coding genes, with 92.2% of these further confirmed by transcriptome data. Evidence of the hexaploidization event shared by the eudicots as well as of a cotton-specific whole-genome duplication approximately 13-20 million years ago was observed. We identified 2,355 syntenic blocks in the G. raimondii genome, and we found that approximately 40% of the paralogous genes were present in more than 1 block, which suggests that this genome has undergone substantial chromosome rearrangement during its evolution. Cotton, and probably Theobroma cacao, are the only sequenced plant species that possess an authentic CDN1 gene family for gossypol biosynthesis, as revealed by phylogenetic analysis.
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•Groundwater chemistry and quality were analyzed in the Ningxia region.•NO3−, NH4+ and NO2− are related to human pollution.•Water quality was assessed using an integrated weight ...matter-element extension model.•High health risks of F−, NO3−, NH4+, and NO2− were found, especially for children.
Assessing groundwater quality and identifying pollutant risks are essential for managing groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions. An analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics, controlling factors, and pollutant characteristics of the groundwater in the upper Yellow River region is presented to understand the overall groundwater quality and identify the risk to human health in this region. Traditional hydrochemical analysis methods, integrated weight matter-element extension analysis, and health risk models were used in this study. A total of 210 groundwater samples were collected from the wells for physical and chemical analyses. Results showed that groundwater in the study area was weakly alkaline, with the predominant hydrochemical types of groundwater being SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg, SO4·Cl-Na, and HCO3-Ca·Mg. The hydrochemical composition of the groundwater is controlled by rock dominance, evaporation dominance, and cation exchange. Nitrogen pollution of groundwater is caused by industrial activities and fertilizers; fluorine pollution is caused by fluorite dissolution. To reasonably evaluate the groundwater quality, the groundwater evaluation method based on an integrated weight matter-element extension analysis was optimized. The method effectively avoids defects of G1 and entropy weight methods in determining weights and thoroughly considers the fuzziness and uncertainty of the water quality grade. The overall quality groundwater assessment results showed that 96.19% of the overall water quality in the study area was good and could be used in many ways. Land irrigated with groundwater is mainly exposed to salinity hazards. Health risk assessment results showed that 57% and 21% of the samples posed unacceptable health risks to children and adults, respectively. Therefore, more attention should be paid to real-time, continual monitoring of pollutants in groundwater management. The results help decision makers make wise decisions on identifying groundwater purposes to avoid further water quality deterioration and increase in pollutants, ensuring the cleanliness of groundwater resources in the upper Yellow River..
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the major source of natural textile fibers. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in regulating fiber development. The molecular mechanisms of BRs in regulating ...fiber elongation, however, are poorly understood. pagoda1 (pag1) was identified via an activation tagging genetic screen and characterized by genome walking and brassinolide (BL) supplementation. RNA‐Seq analysis was employed to elucidate the mechanisms of PAG1 in regulating fiber development. pag1 exhibited dwarfism and reduced fiber length due to significant inhibition of cell elongation and expansion. BL treatment rescued its growth and fiber elongation. PAG1 encodes a homolog of Arabidopsis CYP734A1 that inactivates BRs via C‐26 hydroxylation. RNA‐Seq analyses showed that the constitutive expression of PAG1 downregulated the expression of genes involved in very‐long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFA) biosynthesis, ethylene‐mediated signaling, response to cadmium, cell wall development, cytoskeleton organization and cell growth. Our results demonstrate that PAG1 plays crucial roles in regulating fiber development via controlling the level of endogenous bioactive BRs, which may affect ethylene signaling cascade by mediating VLCFA. Therefore, BR may be a critical regulator of fiber elongation, a role which may in turn be linked to effects on VLCFA biosynthesis, ethylene and cadmium signaling, cell wall‐ and cytoskeleton‐related gene expression.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
An experimental rat allergic rhinitis(AR) model was made to explore the effect of different concentrations of ozone exposure and evaluate the roles of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor ...2(Nrf2) and oxidative stress in ozone exposure.
Sprague-Dawley rats were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). Three groups of AR rats were exposed respectively to different concentrations of ozone for 2 h on 6 weeks. Nasal symptoms and OVA- specific Ig E in the serum were evaluated. The pathological changes in the nasal mucosa were examined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px,GPX) in the nasal mucosa tissue were measured through a spectrophotometry-based method. Nrf2、Kelch-1ike ECH- associated protein-l (Keap1) proteins was measured by western blotting. GPX1、GPX2 mRNA were detected by quantitative real time-PCR(qRT-PCR).
Our results showed that ozone exposure induced a significant increase of the number of sneezes, nasal rubs, amount of nasal secretion and OVA-sIgE in the serum of AR model. Ozone effected oxidative stress in different concentration. The content of MDA in AREH group was significantly higher than AR groups. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in nasal mucosa showed different trends in different concentration groups. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in AREL and AREM groups were higher than AR group, but decreased at AREH group. The nucleoprotein level of Nrf2 in AREL and AREM groups was higher than AR groups. However, in AREH group, it was significantly decreased, compared with AREL and AREM groups. GPX1 and GPX2 mRNA levels in nasal mucosa showed the same trend in different exposure groups.
Different concentrations of ozone inhalation causes changes of the expression of Nrf2 nuclear protein and its target genes in nasal mucosa of AR. High concentration ozone breaks the redox balance and aggravates oxidative damage in AR. This study suggests that inhibiting oxidative stress might be a solution for ozone-elicited detrimental effects on AR.
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•Different concentrations of ozone inhalation causes changes in the expression of Nrf2 nuclear protein and its target genes in nasal mucosa of AR.•Different concentrations of ozone inhalation affects oxidative stress.•High concentration ozone breaks the redox balance, aggravates oxidative damage in AR.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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