The aim of this study was to explore the behavioral responses of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) to volatiles of different stored grains. The olfactory responses of R. dominica to ...the volatiles of five grains, i.e. wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, and soybean, were studied in Y-tube and six-arm olfactometer experiments. The volatile components of these grain were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Y-tube olfactometer bioassays showed that both adults and larvae of R. dominica showed significant preferences for volatiles from the five grains, compared with clean air. In six-arm olfactometer bioassays, adults of R. dominica showed the strongest olfactory preference for wheat, followed by rice, maize, sorghum, and soybean, and larve showed similar preferences for the volatiles of these stored grains. The GC-MS analysis identified 31, 24, 17, 11, and 10 components in the volatile profiles of wheat, soybean, rice, maize, and sorghum, respectively. 1-hexanol was the most abundant component of the volatiles of wheat (27.43%) and soybean (48.28%), whereas nonanal was the most abundant component of the volatiles of rice (21.75%), maize (31.22%), and sorghum (40.78%). Therefore, the different olfactory responses of R. dominica are reasonably related to the differences in the types and contents of volatile components among these five grains. Noteworthy, the volatile components identified in grains may be useful as attractants in traps combined with insect phermones for monitoring or even control R. dominica.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
β
-Galactosidase (
β
-gal) has captured the attention of biologists, chemists, and medical researchers as an important biomarker for cell senescence and primary ovarian cancer. Therefore, many ...fluorescent probes with visible light emission have been developed for the detection and imaging of
β
-gal in living cells. However, near-infrared (NIR) ratiometric probes are more suitable for bioimaging because near-infrared light can effectively avoid the interference of autofluorescence and the ratiometric approach can improve sensitivity and accuracy of the detection. In this work, we designed an NIR ratiometric probe (
TMG
) for the highly sensitive detection of
β
-gal. Using a spontaneous degradation mechanism based on the ICT effect, the change in ratio (
F
650
/F
580
) exhibited a prominent
β
-gal-dependent performance and proved a strong linear response to the activity of
β
-gal at an enzyme concentration between 0 and 200 U L
−1
, with a limit of detection as low as 0.86 U L
−1
, and the response speed is much faster than the same type of probes previously reported. The probe also revealed an excellent biocompatibility and a large Stokes shift. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy imaging experiments confirmed that this probe could be successfully used for the detection of endogenous
β
-gal in living cells.
Graphical abstract
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The application of metal-plastic hybrid structures is of great significance for structural lightweight. The metal surface treatment is critical for metal-plastic joints. In this study, nanosecond ...laser was used to construct different microscale grooves on 6061 aluminum alloy (6061Al) surface to realize stable joints with glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (GFRTP) by hot-pressing joining. The impacts of nanosecond laser processing on interfacial bonding of 6061Al/GFRTP were studied using analytical methods and finite element simulations. The results showed that the mechanical interlocking effectively improved the strength of connections. Moreover, the laser texturing patterns had different effects on promoting the wettability of metal surface and improving the heat conduction path. During the hot-pressing joining process, the poor wettability of molten GFRTP on untextured metal surface and different solidification rates at various molten positions led to the formation of shrinkage, which reduced the bonding area and induced stress concentration. When the pitch distance of textured grooves was 0.3 mm, the porosity was reduced to 1.15 %, and the corresponding maximum bonding strength was 9.78 MPa.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Weight reduction in the various application fields has propelled to the forefront in investigations of combining metal with polymer. Different from other studies, this work focused on exploring the ...effect of carbon fibers on the thermal joining of metal to composite. Three plastics with different fiber contents including pure polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), short carbon fibers reinforced PEEK (SCF/PEEK), and continuous reinforced PEEK (CF/PEEK) were chosen to join to the 6061aluminum alloy using a fiber laser. Results showed the thermal transfer was fostered along the carbon fiber orientation due to a higher thermal conductivity, decreasing the heat accumulation at the interface. However, the existence of carbon fibers also hindered the spreading of plastics on the aluminum alloy surface. This led to a smaller adhesion width and lower tensile-shear force of joints. In addition, the tensile-shear strength of joints prepared with carbon fibers was enhanced owing to lower thermal expansion coefficient, which improved the thermal shrinkage and reduced the stress concentration at the interface. Ultimately, the role of carbon fibers during laser joining of aluminum alloy to plastics was explained, clarifying the bonding mechanism of two materials.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In recent years, cases of lung adenocarcinoma morbidity have consistently grown. OCT4 is the key gene that controls the automatic renewal of stem cells, and regulates the proliferation and ...differentiation of cancer stem cells. The aim of this study is to detect OCT4 expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and to evaluate its relevance in the metastasis, chemotherapeutic effect, and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Immunofluorescence method was employed to detect OCT4 expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. The relationship between OCT4 expression and clinical pathological indicators is examined through chi-square test. Moreover, the survival rate is calculated through the Kaplan-Meier survivorship curve. Finally, the relevance between the indicators and patient survival is estimated using Cox analysis.
Among the 126 tissue samples of lung adenocarcinoma, 91 showed OCT4 positive cells. OCT4 expression is closely related to metastasis and chemoresistance in lung adenocarcinoma patients, and nega
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FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT) can improve spectrum utilization by accessing idle 4G/5G spectrum, in order to provide better transmission quality. However, compared with the traditional IoT, ...spectrum sensing may consume much energy, which decreases the transmission power of the CIoT. In this paper, a green CIoT has been proposed to collect the radio frequency (RF) energy of primary user (PU) by using energy harvesting. The frame is divided into sensing slot and transmission slot, and the nodes are divided into two independent groups to perform spectrum sensing and energy harvesting simultaneously in the sensing slot. The energy efficiency of the CIoT is maximized by formulating an optimization problem about sensing time, number of sensing nodes and transmission power, whose suboptimal value is achieved using a joint optimization algorithm. In order to guarantee energy balance, the alternative mechanism of spectrum sensing and energy harvesting is proposed to prolong the life of the CIoT. Simulation results have indicated the existence of the optimal solution and the outstanding performance of the green CIoT.
Emerging studies have reported that coatomer protein complex subunit β2 (COPB2) is overexpressed in several types of malignant tumor; however, to the best of our knowledge, no studies regarding COPB2 ...in gastric cancer have been published thus far. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the significance and function of COPB2 in gastric cancer. COPB2 expression in gastric cancer cell lines was measured using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) analysis. In addition, lentivirus‑short hairpin RNA (shRNA) COPB2 (Lv‑shCOPB2) was generated and used to infect BGC‑823 cells to analyze the effects of COPB2 on the cancerous phenotype. The effects of shRNA‑mediated COPB2 knockdown on cell proliferation were detected using MTT, 5‑bromo‑2‑deoxyuridine and colony formation assays. In addition, the effects of COPB2 knockdown on apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Nude mice and fluorescence imaging were used to characterize the regulation of tumor growth in vivo, and qPCR and immunohistochemistry were subsequently conducted to analyze COPB2 expression in xenograft tumor tissues. Furthermore, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathway antibody array was used to explore the relevant molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of COPB2 knockdown. The results revealed that COPB2 mRNA was abundantly overexpressed in gastric cancer cell lines, whereas knockdown of COPB2 significantly inhibited cell growth and colony formation ability, and led to increased cell apoptosis in vitro. The tumorigenicity assay revealed that knockdown of COPB2 reduced tumor growth in nude mice, and fluorescence imaging indicated that the total radiant efficiency of mice in the Lv‑shCOPB2‑infected group was markedly reduced compared with the mice in the Lv‑shRNA control‑infected group in vivo. The antibody array assay revealed that the levels of phosphorylation in 23 target RTKs were significantly reduced: In conclusion, COPB2 was highly expressed in gastric cancer cell lines, and knockdown suppressed colony formation and promoted cell apoptosis via inhibiting the RTK signaling and its downstream signaling cascade molecules. Therefore, COPB2 may present a valuable target for gene silencing strategy in gastric cancer.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with symptoms such as tremor and bradykinesia which, together with a rigorous dosing regimen, can place an untenable burden on patients. These ...issues underscore the need for triggerable, modulated drug delivery systems. Currently, pramipexole (PRX) is the most widely used non-ergot dopamine agonist for the treatment of PD. In this study, near-infrared light-responsive PRX and hollow gold nanospheres (HGNS)-loaded biodegradable poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres (PRX/HGNS MS) were fabricated using solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion-solvent evaporation techniques to achieve modulated drug release. The PRX/HGNS MS were uniform, with an average diameter of approximately 24 µm, favorable PRX and HGNS encapsulation efficiencies (51.71 ± 0.54% and 65.15 ± 2.30%, respectively) and rapid, controllable drug release both in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxicity tests revealed no significant differences between HGNS and PRX/HGNS MS when compared with a negative control. Pharmacodynamics and immunohistochemistry studies revealed a more rapid recovery of striatum in the group treated with PRX/HGNS MS produced using the S/O/W method. The results clearly demonstrate that light-responsive PRX/HGNS MS produced using the S/O/W method have the potential to address PD patients’ mobility problems in a smart, controllable and remotely triggerable manner.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Alocasia macrorrhizos (Linnaeus) G. Don is a perennial herb in the Araceae family. It is native to South Asia and the Asia-Pacific and has long been cultivated as it is an economically important ...medicinal and ornamental plant. During July 2012 and 2013, severe outbreaks of leaf spot and stem rot disease on this plant occurred in a greenhouse of Shunyi district, in Beijing, China (117°05'E, 40°13'N). The disease incidence was greater than 30%. The leaf spots first appeared as yellow dots. As lesions expanded, the symptoms were circular to subcircular, light brown lesions with darker brown edges, Around the lesions the leaf tissue was chlorotic causing the formation of a yellow halo (Suppl. Fig1). Initial symptoms on the stems were brown, round or fusiform spots . As the disease progressed, lesions enlarged and merged together. When humidity was high, black acervuli with grey brown cirrhus of conidia were rapidly produced in lesions. Infected plants eventually withered or collapsed from the stem rot (Suppl. Fig2). Infected tissues were surface-sterilized in 1% NaOCl for 1 min, washed three times with distilled water, and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Colonies on PDA, growing at 25°C in darkness, showed grayish brown and grey brown conidial masses produced from acervuli with black seta (Suppl. Fig3). Acervuli (n=30) were dark brown to black and approximately round, 121 to 210 μm in diameter, averaging 166.5 μm (Suppl. Fig4). Setae (n=30) scattered in acervuli, black, septate, 94.4 to 128.4×3.4 to 4.7 μm, base inflated, and narrower toward the top (Suppl. Fig5). Conidiophores (n=50) were phialidic, hyaline, unicellular. Conidia (n=50) were hyaline, monospora, falcate, base obtuse, apices acute, and 20.5 to 24.7 ×2.8 to 3.4 μm (Suppl. Fig6). Six monoconidial isolates were made, and the morphological characteristics of the fungus were similar to those of Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby (Mordue, 1971). In the greenhouse (25 to 30 °C, relative humidity 98%), pathogenicity tests were conducted by spraying a 106 spores /mL suspension on leaves and stems of 10 healthy potted A. macrorrhizos plants (3-year-old). A control was included that consisted of ten plants sprayed with sterile distilled water. All treated plants were covered with a plastic bag and removed 48 h later. After 12 days, all inoculated leaves and stems appeared with typical Anthracnose symptoms, whereas control plants remained healthy. The fungus was reisolated from diseased tissues, fulfilling Koch´s postulates. The ITS region of a representative isolate was amplified and sequenced using the primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990).The obtained ITS sequence (GenBank Accession No. KJ018793.1) showed 100% similarity to Colletotrichum capsici (Accession No. HQ271469.1 and DQ454016.1). Colletotrichum capsici is synonymous to Colletotrichum truncatum. Colletotrichum capsici is a major phytopathogen with a broad host range which causes anthracnose disease. The first report of C. capsici as a pathogen of Alocasia macrorrhizos was reported in India in 1979 (Mathur, 1979). To our knowledge, this is the first record of C. capsici causing anthracnose on A. macrorrhizos in China.
Alkaline phospholipase (ALP)-a hydrolase associated with many cancers and is widely distributed in human organs-has been recognized as an important biomarker in several medical and biological fields. ...In order to better detect and image ALP, we constructed a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe-
APW
-that can respond quickly (in less than 15 minutes) with high quantum yield (
Φ
= 0.6) and sensitivity (its detection limit is 0.46 U L
−1
) to ALP. Our study is significant in that it uses a new ratio response method that has rarely been reported, which greatly reduced the response time. Furthermore, we successfully applied the novel probe in cell imaging with satisfactory results.
The probe
APW
uses a self-immolative mechanism to achieve a ratio response to ALP, which has the following advantages: fast response (in less than 15 min), high quantum yield (
Φ
= 0.6), low detection limit (0.46 U L
−1
) and excellent selectivity.
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