Sleeping cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) has the potential for depression detection, for different sleep structure and cortical connection have been proved in depressed patients. However, the ...operation of multi-channel sleep EEG recording is cumbersome and requires laboratory equipment and professional sleep technician. Here, we focus on the depression detection using minimal sleep EEG channels.
Sixteen channels of EEG data of 30 patients with depression and 30 age-matched normal controls were recorded during sleep. Power spectral density of each single EEG channel was calculated, followed by measuring the symbolic transfer entropy (STE) and weighed phase lag index (WPLI) between EEG channel pairs in various frequency bands. Thereafter, these features were evaluated by F-score in the two-way classification (depression vs. control) of 30-s sleep EEG segments. Based on the F-score, entropy method was introduced to calculate the weight which could further assess the classification ability of various EEG channels or channel pairs. Finally, machine learning was implemented to verify the important EEG channels or channel pairs in depression diagnosis.
The features characterizing the inter-hemispheric connectivity in the posterior lobe, especially in the temporal lobe, showed high classification capacity. The classification accuracy of using two and four EEG channels in the temporal lobe were 97.96% and 99.61%, respectively.
This study showed the possibility of using only a few sleep EEG channels for depression screening, which may greatly facilitate the diagnosis of depression outside the hospital.
•This study proved the good performance of sleep EEG in depression detection.•Inter-hemispheric connectivities in temporal region were important features.•A few Inter-hemispheric EEG pairs can achieve a high depression detection accuracy.•Depression detection can be realized with short-term sleep EEG signals.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Depression is a common mental illness and a large number of researchers have been still devoted to exploring effective biomarkers for the identification of depression. Few researches have been ...conducted on functional connectivity (FC) during sleep in depression. In this paper, a novel depression characterization is proposed using specific spatial FC features of sleep electroencephalography (EEG). Overnight polysomnography recordings were obtained from 26 healthy individuals and 25 patients with depression. The weighted phase lag indexes (WPLIs) of four frequency bands and five sleep periods were obtained from 16 EEG channels. The high discriminative connections extracted via feature evaluation and the cross‐within variation (CW)—the spatial feature constructed to characterize the different performances in inter‐ and intra‐hemispheric FC based on WPLIs, were utilized to classify patients and normal controls. The results showed that enhanced average FC and spatial differences, higher inter‐hemispheric FC and lower intra‐hemispheric FC, were found in patients. Furthermore, abnormalities in the inter‐hemispheric connections of the temporal lobe in the theta band should be important indicators of depression. Finally, both CW and high discriminative WPLI features performed well in depression screening and CW was more specific for characterizing abnormal cortical EEG performance of depression. Our work investigated and characterized the abnormalities in sleep cortical activity in patients with depression, and may provide potential biomarkers for assisting with depression identification and new insights into the understanding of pathological mechanisms in depression.
Based on sleep functional connectivity (FC) analysis, the higher inter‐hemispheric FC and lower intra‐hemispherical FC were found in patients with depression, and cross‐within variation was constructed to characterize the unbalanced functional network, the potential of which as a biomarker was further verified. Additionally, the inter‐hemispheric temporal lobe connections in theta band also displayed high discriminative power.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. Fucoidan, a polysaccharide containing fucose and sulfate group, ameliorates DN. However, the underlying mechanism has not ...been fully understood. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanism of fucoidan on DN in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice. A total of 90 C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 15) as follows: normal control (NC), diabetes mellitus (DM), metformin (MTF), low-dose fucoidan (LFC), medium-dose fucoidan (MFC), and high-dose fucoidan (HFC). A technique based on fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-sinistin) elimination kinetics measured percutaneously was applied to determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). After 24 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and an early stage DN model was confirmed by GFR hyperfiltration, elevated urinary creatinine, normal urinary albumin, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and glomerular hypertrophy. Fucoidan significantly improved the GFR hyperfiltration and renal fibrosis. An enriched SCFAs-producing bacteria and increased acetic concentration in cecum contents were found in fucoidan groups, as well as increased renal ATP levels and improved mitochondrial dysfunction. The renal inflammation and fibrosis were ameliorated through inhibiting the MAPKs pathway. In conclusion, fucoidan improved early stage DN targeting the microbiota–mitochondria axis by ameliorating mitochondrial oxidative stress and inhibiting the MAPKs pathway.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) refers to cognitive impairment in individuals with diabetes, which is one of the most important comorbidities and complications. Preliminary evidence suggests ...that consuming sufficient dietary fiber could have benefits for both diabetes and cognitive function. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of dietary fiber on DCD remain unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from NHANES involving 2072 diabetics and indicated a significant positive dose-response relationship between the dietary fiber intake and cognitive performance in diabetics. Furthermore, we observed disrupted cognitive function and neuronal morphology in high-fat diet induced DCD mice, both of which were effectively restored by fucoidan supplementation through alleviating DNA epigenetic metabolic disorders. Moreover, fucoidan supplementation enhanced the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum of diabetic mice. These SCFAs enhanced TET2 protein stability by activating phosphorylated AMPK and improved TETs activity by reducing the ratio of (succinic acid + fumaric acid)/ α-ketoglutaric acid, subsequently enhancing TET2 function. The positive correlation between dietary fiber intake and cognitive function in diabetics was supported by human and animal studies alike. Importantly, fucoidan can prevent the occurrence of DCD by promoting TET2-mediated active DNA demethylation in the cerebral cortex of diabetic mice.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The PEBP gene family is involved in many biological processes in plants, including plant growth and development, flowering regulation, light response, and abiotic stress response. But there is little ...information about the role of the PEBP gene family in Cymbidium species. In this study, we identified 11, 9, and 7 PEBP genes in C. ensifolium, C. sinense, and C. goeringii, respectively, and mapped them to the chromosomes. We also studied the physicochemical characteristics of the proteins encoded by these PEBPs and analyzed their intra-species collinearity, gene structure, conserved motifs, and cis-acting elements. Furthermore, a total of forty PEBP genes from C. sinense, C. ensifolium, C. goeringii, Phalaenopsis, and Arabidopsis were divided into three clades based on the phylogenetic tree. The expression patterns of 11 PEBP genes in different tissues and organs of C. ensifolium were analyzed based on transcriptome data, indicating that the CePEBPs might play an important role in the growth and development, especially in the flower bud organs (1–5 mm). CePEBP5 plays an indispensable role in both the vegetative and reproductive growth cycles of C. ensifolium. CePEBP1 is essential for root development, while CePEBP1, CePEBP3, CePEBP5, and CePEBP10 regulate the growth and development of different floral organ tissues at various stages. The findings of this study can do a great deal to understand the roles of the PEBP gene family in Cymbidium.
Phalaenopsis was the genus with the highest ornamental and commercial values among orchids. Phalaenopsis with fragrance were rarely distributed in the market due to selection constraints, such as ...affinity, ploidy and breeding age. Therefore, research on transferring aroma traits into commercial Phalaenopsis are of great significance to the breeding of Phalaenopsis. In order to investigate the key aroma-causing components among different varieties of Phalaenopsis, the floral fragrance components of the eight new hybrid varieties in full blooming period were examined by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The principal components, clustering and aroma quality analysis were performed based on the identification of floral substance components. The results were as follows: (1) 96 substances were detected in eight varieties of Phalaenopsis, mainly divided into eight categories of terpenes, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, ketones, ethers, phenols and aromatic compounds, among
Abnormal Symbolic Transfer Entropy in Depression Zhang, Yangting; Luo, Yuxi
The Fifth International Conference on Biological Information and Biomedical Engineering,
07/2021
Conference Proceeding
Depression is a mental illness and considered the main cause of disability worldwide. Further study is still needed to enhance the accuracy of depression detection. The aim of this study was to ...explore the potential EEG biomarker for cortical dysfunction to help the diagnosis with depression clinically. In this study, symbolic transfer entropy (STE) of five sleep periods (Wake, REM, N1, N2, N3) and four frequency bands (δ, θ, α, β) were obtained from six sleep EEG channels. Significant differences between the two groups were found. The average STE values in the patients with depression were lower than those of normal participants in all sleep periods and frequency bands. These findings indicated the lower complexity of brain and abnormalities in sleep cortical activity in patients with depression. It may provide insights into the influence of depression on cognitive function and important indicators for studying depression pathological mechanisms.
Si
1-y
C
y
films grown lattice matched into recessed source drain areas can produce a tensile strained Silicon channel, which in turn will enhance electron mobility. We demonstrate a Cyclical ...Deposition Etch (CDE) process that consists of a nonselective deposition, (epitaxial growth over the exposed crystalline Silicon areas of the source and drain and amorphous (a) or polycrystalline deposition over the dielectric areas) together with a subsequent selective removal of a-material from the insulator, with negligible removal of epitaxial material from source and drain areas. To make such an approach production worthy, two requirements are essential: 1) a high growth rate (GR) with a low a/epi GR ratio, and 2) a high etch rate (ER) with a high a/epi ER ratio. We focus on the integration and defect formation aspect of our CDE process on patterned substrates.
In this paper we demonstrate the successful integration of in-situ doped embedded Si:C stressors epitaxially grown in the source and drain areas of nMOS devices using a novel Cyclic Deposition Etch ...(CDE) process. These layers have substitutional C content ranging between 1% and 2% with potential of achieving even higher substitutional carbon concentration. Another distinctive feature of this process is that it allows for high in-situ P doping for ease of integration within a CMOS platform. We demonstrate superior performance of strained nMOS devices with embedded Si:C showing up to 12.5% on-state current improvement over the unstrained reference process. We report on material characterization results of embedded Si:C stressors, in particular, strain retention properties as a function of subsequent post-epitaxy processing.
Embedded Si1-y-zCyPz films selectively grown into recessed source drain areas of NFET devices has been shown to produce a tensile strained Silicon channel, which in turn enhances electron mobility ...and transistor performance 1. In order to obtain and maintain high substitutional carbon levels during deposition/processing low growth temperatures and high growth rates (GR) have to be employed. Carbon substitutionality was demonstrated to be almost complete for Si0.97C0.02P0.01. Excellent crystalline quality was demonstrated on bare wafers by XRD. The absence of crystalline defects and perfect selectivity were confirmed by TEM and SEM on patterned 200 and 300 mm wafers.
