Lithium ion batteries （LIBs） represent one of the most promising solutions for environmentally friendly transportation such as electric vehicles. The demand for high energy density, low cost and ...environmentally friendly batteries makes high-capacity cathode materials very attractive for future LIBs. Layered LiNixCoyMn2O2 （x＋y＋z=1）, Li-rich oxides and Li-V-O compounds have attracted much attention due to their high capacities in recent years. In this review, we focus on the state-of-the-art research activities related to LiNixCoyMn2O2, Li-rich oxides and Li-V-O compounds, including their structures, reaction mechanisms during cycling, challenges and strategies that have been studied to improve their electrochemical performances.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) utilizes a special mix of scaffolds, cells, and bioactive factors to regulate the microenvironment of bone regeneration and form a three-dimensional bone simulation ...structure to regenerate bone tissue. Silk fibroin (SF) is perhaps the most encouraging material for BTE given its tunable mechanical properties, controllable biodegradability, and excellent biocompatibility. Numerous studies have confirmed the significance of SF for stimulating bone formation. In this review, we start by introducing the structure and characteristics of SF. After that, the immunological mechanism of SF for osteogenesis is summarized, and various forms of SF biomaterials and the latest development prospects of SF in BTE are emphatically introduced. Biomaterials based on SF have great potential in bone tissue engineering, and this review will serve as a resource for future design and research.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•A hierarchical scaffold with a two-stage drug release strategy is prepared via cryo-3D printing and dipping method.•The combination of chlorhexidine@graphene oxide and osteogenic ...peptide provides the scaffold with antibacterial and osteogenic ability.•The multifunctional scaffold exerts antibacterial and osteogenic outcomes by synergistic effects in vitro.•The scaffold regenerates the bone tissue effectively in an infected critical-sized mandibular bone defect in vivo.
Preventing implant-related bone infection during treating mandibular bone defect is still challenging as intractable bacterial infection in the irregular defects often leads to surgical failure and other fatal complications. Herein, we fabricate a multifunctional scaffold with controlled dual-stage drug release to achieve antibacterial and osteogenic therapy during infected bone reconstruction. Water-in-oil (w/o) β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) nanoparticle/ poly(Lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/dichloromethane composite emulsion inks containing the antibacterial chlorhexidine (CHX) loaded graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and osteogenic peptide (p24) was produced through cryo-3D printing. A biphasic drug release profile is achieved via a rapid CHX release from CHX@GO on scaffold surface to kill the bacteria, and a sustained release of CHX and p24 from the scaffold matrix to prevent the recurrence of infection and induce bone regeneration. Interestingly, the GO nanosheet increased the antibacterial sensitivity through its direct physical contact which destroyed the bacteria membrane. Furthermore, the p24 and phosphate ions derived from dissociated TCP nanoparticles could induce the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived stem cells. Eventually, the designed scaffolds effectively eliminated the bacteria, alleviated the accompanying inflammation, and improved bone regeneration in a rat model. The present study provides a facile strategy to treat bone defects with infection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Contraction and relaxation are important functions of cardiomyocytes, and measuring their characteristics provides an evaluation index to explore the effects of drugs on cardiomyocytes. In addition, ...cardiomyocytes have an innate advantage in acting as a biopower by virtue of their ability to contract and relax, which also requires the detection of cardiomyocyte actions. However, existing measurement methods, such as mechanosensor measurements and calcium concentration measurements, have high requirements for experimental equipment and operation and are challenging to perform simultaneously with other cellular manipulations. Here, we propose a simple visual detection method for cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation. We first recorded the contraction and relaxation of cardiomyocytes under a bright-field microscope, then used the optical flow method to track the sampling points on the cardiomyocytes in the video, and obtained the frequency of cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation by analyzing the optical flow matrices. This method does not require the use of additional equipment or additional processing of cardiomyocytes, which significantly reduces the operational difficulty of detection and provides a method to achieve real-time detection of cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation.
The process of repairing significant bone defects requires the recruitment of a considerable number of cells for osteogenesis-related activities, which implies the consumption of a substantial amount ...of oxygen and nutrients. Therefore, the limited supply of nutrients and oxygen at the defect site is a vital constraint that affects the regenerative effect, which is closely related to the degree of a well-established vascular network. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), which is an essential transcription factor activated in hypoxic environments, plays a vital role in vascular network construction. HIF-1α, which plays a central role in regulating cartilage and bone formation, induces vascular invasion and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells to promote and maintain extracellular matrix production by mediating the adaptive response of cells to changes in oxygen levels. However, the application of HIF-1α in bone tissue engineering is still controversial. As such, clarifying the function of HIF-1α in regulating the bone regeneration process is one of the urgent issues that need to be addressed. This review provides insight into the mechanisms of HIF-1α action in bone regeneration and related recent advances. It also describes current strategies for applying hypoxia induction and hypoxia mimicry in bone tissue engineering, providing theoretical support for the use of HIF-1α in establishing a novel and feasible bone repair strategy in clinical settings.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The greening of financial markets can effectively guide the flow of capital to green and environmental industries, prompt the upgrading and transformation of the green industry, and help China ...achieve its dual carbon goals. This paper adopts China’s inter-provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020, measures the development level of the real economy in terms of innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing using principal component analysis, and selects core indicators such as green credit, green insurance, green investment, and financial market size. In addition, the fixed panel model and differences-in-differences model are used to carry out the research. The results show that: 1. China’s high-quality green development shows an upward trend in general, the real economy tends to be green, and the development in the east, middle, and west is gradually balanced; 2. Green credit and green insurance have a significant inhibitory effect on the development of the real economy, and this inhibitory effect is more evident in the middle and western regions; green investment has a significant positive promotion effect on promoting the development of the real economy; 3. The promulgation and implementation of policies such as the Guidance on Building a Green Financial System can significantly promote the greening of the financial market to the real economy and promote sustainable development. It should continue to promote the greening of the financial market, improve the green financial service system, smooth the transformation path of green finance to the real economy, strengthen the green guidance of the government on the development of the virtual and real economy, promote the green synergistic development of the financial market in the east and west, and promote the high-quality green sustainable development of the region.
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of death and the greatest risk to the lives of people with advanced diabetes. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression ...remain unknown. In this research, we studied the primary pathways driving DN using transcriptome sequencing and immune repertoire analysis. Firstly, we found that the diversity and abundance of the immune repertoire in late DN were significantly increased, while there was no significant change in early DN. Furthermore, B cell-mediated antibody responses may be the leading cause of DN progression. By analyzing master regulators, we found the key DN-driving transcription factors. In the late stage of DN, immune cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells were abundant, but other stromal cells were few. Early DN kidneys had a higher tissue stemness score than normal and advanced DN kidneys. We showed that DN progression involves proximal tubular metabolic reprogramming and stemness restoration using Monocle3. Through WGCNA, we found that co-expression modules that regulate DN progression and immune repertoire diversity mainly regulate immune-related signaling pathways. In addition, we also found that early DN had apparent activation of immune-related signaling pathways mainly enriched in immune cells. Finally, we found that activation of fibroblasts is typical of early DN. These results provide a research basis for further exploring the molecular biology and cellular mechanisms of the occurrence and development of DN and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of DN.
This paper proposes a high-speed digital detector for the Internet of Things (IoT) assisted by signal’s intensity quantification. The detector quantifies the amplitude of each pixel of the detected ...image and converts it into a digital signal, which can be directly applied to the IoT with wireless communication system. Two types of amplitude quantization algorithms, uniform quantization and non-uniform quantization, are applied to the detector, which further improves the quality of the detected image and the robustness of the image signal in a noisy environment. Related simulations have been established to verify the accuracy of the models and algorithms.
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•A novel photothermal nanocomposite based onmetal–phenolic networks coated on the branched AuAg nanoparticles was prepared.•The material has strong antibacterial properties under NIR ...laser irradiation.•Scavenging reactive oxygen species and promoting polarization of M2 macrophages via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby regulating immunity.•This design provides new ideas for applying MPNs to photothermal therapy and immunotherapy.
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by bacteria. The prolonged and repeated occurrence of this disease results from immune system disorders and leads to the destruction of surrounding tissues. Research on new antibacterial materials that can regulate autoimmunity and promote repair can effectively treat periodontal inflammation. Hence, metal–phenolic networks (MPNs) were loaded onto the surface of branched AuAg nanoparticles (NPs), denoted as AuAg@PC-Fe. The procyanidin (PC)-Fe network not only enhanced the photothermal properties of AuAg NPs to achieve effective photothermal antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens but also alleviated oxidative stress and excessive inflammation. The mechanism of action is as follows: AuAg@PC-Fe promotes the polarisation of alternatively activated macrophages by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway and upregulates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, scavenging reactive oxygen species and subsequently inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway to regulate immunity. The ability of periodontal inflammatory tissue to repair was improved in vivo. This design provides new ideas for applying MPNs to photothermal therapy and immunotherapy. It presents a new therapeutic platform for treating periodontitis and other infectious diseases.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Fertilizer application is the most common measure in agricultural production, which can promote the productivity of crops such as cucumbers, but the problem of excessive fertilization occurs ...frequently in solar greenhouses. However, the effects of fertilization levels on cucumber rhizosphere soil microbes and metabolites and their relationships are still unclear. In order to determine how fertilization levels affect the rhizosphere microenvironment, we set up four treatments in the solar greenhouse: no-fertilization (N0P0K0), normal fertilization (N1P1K1), slight excessive fertilization (N2P2K2), and extreme excessive fertilization (N3P3K3). The results showed that fertilization treatments significantly increased cucumber yield compared to no-fertilization, but, the yield of N3P3K3 was significantly lower than that of N1P1K1 and N2P2K2. Fertilization levels had significant effects on rhizosphere microorganisms, and pH, NH
-N and AP were the main environmental factors that affected the changes in microbial communities. The total PLFAs, the percentages of fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were significantly reduced and bacteria percentage was significantly increased in N3P3K3 compared to other fertilization treatments. Differential metabolites under different fertilization levels were mainly organic acids, esters and sugars. Soil phenols with autotoxic effect under fertilization treatments were higher than that of N0P0K0. In addition, compared with soil organic acids and alkanes of N0P0K0, N2P2K2 was significantly increased, and N3P3K3 was not significantly different. This suggested that cucumber could maintain microbial communities by secreting beneficial metabolites under slight excessive fertilization (N2P2K2). But under extremely excessive fertilization (N3P3K3), the self-regulating ability of cucumber plants and rhizosphere soil was insufficient to cope with high salt stress. Furthermore, co-occurrence network showed that 16:1ω5c (AMF) was positively correlated with 2-palmitoylglycerol, hentriacontane, 11-octadecenoic acid, decane,4-methyl- and d-trehalose, and negatively correlated with 9-octadecenoic acid at different fertilization levels. This indicated that the beneficial microorganisms in the cucumber rhizosphere soil promoted with beneficial metabolites and antagonized with harmful metabolites. But with the deepening of overfertilization, the content of beneficial microorganisms and metabolites decreased. The study provided new insights into the interaction of plant rhizosphere soil metabolites and soil microbiomes under the different fertilization levels.
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