Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is a distinct entity that has conspicuously inflammatory infiltration compared with EBV-negative gastric carcinoma. To date, the local ...immune status in EBVaGC and its relationship with patient prognosis and apoptosis of tumor cells are largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the density of different types of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in 53 EBVaGCs and 67 EBV-negative gastric carcinomas and analyzed its relationship with patient outcomes and apoptosis of tumor cells in EBVaGC. The average number of CD3+ total T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD79α+ B cells, CD56+ natural killer cells, Fascin+ dendritic cells (DCs), and FoxP3+ Tregs and the average proportions of Ki-67, interleukin 1β, granzyme B, interferon γ, and interleukin 10 in TILs were higher in EBVaGC, and CD8+ T cells were the predominant constituent cells of TILs in EBVaGC. Patients with higher numbers of CD3+ total T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD79α+ B cells, and Fascin+ DCs survived longer in EBVaGC, and CD8+ T cells and Fascin+ DCs were independent prognostic factors for patient survival. Besides, CD8+ T cells were positively correlated with apoptotic index of tumor cells. However, the apoptosis of tumor cells was lower, and the expression of survivin and NF-κBp65 in tumor cells was up-regulated in EBVaGC. These findings suggested that CD3+ total T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD79α+ B cells, and Fascin+ DCs predict a better prognosis in EBVaGC; CD8+ T cells might through a nonapoptotic pathway eliminate tumor cells, thereby improving the patient prognosis.
•Higher density of TILs was present in EBVaGC.•Stronger effects of immunoactiviation and immunosuppression coexisted in EBVaGC.•CD8+ T cells and Fascin+ DCs were independent prognostic factors for patient survival.•CD8+ T cells might through a nonapoptotic pathway eliminate tumor cells.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aim: To explore the relationship between lipometabolism-related microRNAs (miRNAs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: In the ...present study, 161 stable CAD patients and 149 health controls were enrolled. The expression levels of seven miRNAs (miR-21, miR-24, miR-29a, miR-33a, miR-34a, miR-103a, and miR-122) in PBMCs were qualified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The miRNA markers that showed significant difference between the two groups were used for further analysis. The risk of miRNA contributing to the presence of CAD was estimated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy.Results: The expression levels of miR-24, miR-33a, miR-103a, and miR-122 in PBMCs were significantly increased in CAD patients compared with controls and were significantly correlated with blood lipids in both CAD patients and controls. The increased levels of miR-24 (adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.07–1.62, P=0.009), miR-33a (adjusted OR=1.57, 95% CI 1.35–1.81, P＜0.001), miR-103a (adjusted OR=1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.02, P＜0.001), and miR-122 (adjusted OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04, P＜0.001) were associated with risk of CAD. We identified a miRNA panel (miR-24, miR-33, miR-103a, and miR-122) that provided a high diagnostic accuracy of CAD (AUC=0.911, 95% CI 0.880–0.942).Conclusion: The increased expression levels of miR-24, miR-33a, miR-103a, and miR-122 in PBMCs are associated with risk of CAD. A panel of the four miRNAs has considerable clinical value in diagnosing stable CAD.
White birch (
Betula platyphylla
Suk.) is a typical pioneer tree species that is important in forest restoration in northern China, Japan, and Korea. In the present study, 37 isolates were obtained ...from
B. platyphylla
rhizosphere soils in Heilongjiang Province; they were identified as
T. pleuroticola
(3 isolates),
T. virens
(2 isolates),
T. hamatum
(8 isolates),
T. atroviride
(21 isolates, dominant species) and
T. asperelloides
(3 isolates). Stress tolerance tests (salt, alkali, and nutritional stress that simulated saline alkali or barren soil) and confrontation assays (with four pathogens) were performed to determine which isolates had good biocontrol ability in barren soil; the results show that
T. atroviride
was outstanding. Then, in order to determine the effect of
T. atroviride
on plants and soil,
Gynura cusimbua
seeds were sown and treated with a
T. atroviride
spore suspension, as was unsown soil. The seedlings treated using
T. atroviride
had significantly greater height, stem diameter, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, and malonaldehyde (MDA) content and their catalase (CAT) activity was also significantly increased. In addition, when the plants were inoculated with
Alternaria alternata
, the plants treated using
T. atroviride
had stronger CAT activity, significantly higher soluble protein content and soluble sugar content, and significantly lower MDA content, which indicates stronger resistance and less injury caused by the pathogen. In addition,
T. atroviride
not only increased the content of available nitrogen and available phosphorus in the soil, but also promoted
G. cusimbua
seedlings’ absorption of available nitrogen and available phosphorus. Thus, the characteristics of
T. atroviride
may make it the main factor that helps
B. platyphylla
colonise cut-over lands.
T. atroviride
, a promising biocontrol candidate, can be used in agriculture and forestry.
The cleavage of inert C–H bonds in methane at room temperature and the subsequent conversion into value-added products are quite challenging. Herein, the reactivity of boron-doped cobalt oxide ...cluster cations CoBO2 + toward methane under thermal collision conditions was studied by mass spectrometry experiments and quantum-chemical calculations. In this reaction, one H atom and the CH3 unit of methane were transformed separately to generate the product metaboric acid (HBO2) and one CoCH3 + ion, respectively. Theoretical calculations strongly suggest that a catalytic cycle can be completed by the recovery of CoBO2 + through the reaction of CoCH3 + with sodium perborate (NaBO3), and this reaction generates sodium methoxide (CH3ONa) as the other value-added product. This study shows that boron-doped cobalt oxide species are highly reactive to facilitate thermal methane transformation and may open a way to develop more effective approaches for methane (CH4) activation and conversion under mild conditions.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The current study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) who underwent myomectomy. Clinical data were retrieved from our database from January 2001 ...to October 2018. Of 197 patients with IVL, 9 (4.6%) patients were included. The patients' age ranged from 24 to 46 (mean: 31.1 ± 7.3) years. Five (55.6%) patients had not yet given birth upon IVL diagnosis. Three patients were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists after surgery. The average follow-up time was 58.9 ± 27.8 (range: 29-122) months. Four patients presented with new uterine masses during follow-up. Three patients had natural pregnancies and live births. This information may provide a glimmer of hope to young patients with uterus-confined IVL who have fertility desires. However, future multicenter studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are warranted.
Impact statement
What is already known on this subject? The best treatment options for intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) are hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and complete resection of intravenous extensions of the disease.
What the results of this study add? Nine patients with IVL underwent myomectomy. After a mean follow-up period of 58.9 ± 27.8 months, 3 patients had natural pregnancies and live births.
What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The result might provide a glimmer of hope to young patients with uterus-confined IVL who have fertility desires.
Introduction
Cerebral autosomal‐dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a relatively common cerebral small vessel disease. NOTCH3 has been identified as ...the causative gene of CADASIL. Clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity were observed in CADASIL patients and need to be further clarified.
Aims
The aim of the study was to clarify genetic spectrum of NOTCH3 and clinical phenotype of CADASIL patients.
Methods
Suspected CADASIL patients were collected by our center between 2016 and 2021. Whole exome sequencing was performed to screen NOTCH3 mutations of these patients. Genetic and clinical data of CADASIL patients from previous studies were also analyzed. Studies between 1998 and 2021 that reported more than 9 pedigrees with detailed genetic data or clinical data were included. After excluding patients carrying cysteine‐sparing mutations, genetic data of 855 Asian pedigrees (433 Chinese; 226 Japanese, and 196 Korean) and 546 Caucasian pedigrees, in a total of 1401 CADASIL pedigrees were involved in mapping mutation spectrum. Clinical data of 901 Asian patients (476 Chinese patients, 217 Japanese patients, and 208 Korean patients) and 720 Caucasian patients, in a total of 1621 patients were analyzed and compared between different populations.
Results
Two novel mutations (c.400T>C, p.Cys134Arg; c.1511G>A, p.Cys504Tyr) and 24 known cysteine‐affecting variants were identified in 36 pedigrees. Genetic spectrums of Asians (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) and Caucasians were clarified, p.R544C and p.R607C were the most common mutations in Asians while p.R1006C and p.R141C in Caucasians. For clinical features, Asians were more likely to develop symptoms of TIA or ischemic stroke (p < 0.0001) and cognitive impairment (p < 0.0001). Nevertheless, Caucasians had a higher tendency to present migraine (p < 0.0001) and psychiatric disturbance (p < 0.0001). The involvement of temporal pole was more likely to happen in Caucasians (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion
The findings help to better understand the clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity of CADASIL.
Two novel mutations (c.400T>C, p.Cys134Arg; c.1511G>A, p.Cys504Tyr) and 24 known cysteine‐affecting variants were identified in the newly recruited CADASIL patients. The genetic spectrum of NOTCH3 and clinical features of CADASIL patients were analyzed and summarized in different populations. The study help to understand the clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity of CADASIL.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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•This study estimated aboveground and net aboveground biomass on sparse shrub communities with large surface fluctuations.•This study provides the most suitable RGB algorithm for ...calculating vegetation coverage in sandy areas.•The relationship between vegetation coverage and aboveground biomass of shrub communities in Mu Us sandy land was study.studied.
Accurate detection of vegetation cover and biomass of shrub communities in sandy area is beneficial for evaluating ecosystem, improving remote sensing models, and assessing the accuracy of remote sensing. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have replaced traditional measurement methods in biomass and fraction of vegetation coverage (FVC) detection owing to the high spatial resolution of their imagery, their high positioning accuracy, and their ease of use. The existing methods of detecting biomass via UAVs, however, are not suitable for surface fluctuations, dwarf shrubs, and herbs. Futhermore, the method of calculating FVC using UAV RGB images has not yet been tested in sandy areas. To accurately extract FVC data, aboveground biomass (ABS) and net aboveground biomass (NABS) of shrub communities in the desert regions, UAV RGB images of 87 sample plots in the Mu Us sandy land were collected and used to obtain the FVC and biomass information via the object-based classification method, single shrub canopy biomass model and vegetation index-based method. The results are as follows: (1) the method of calculating ABS and NABS based on shrub canopy width extraction can be used in desert shrub communities, and results show that the ABS and NABS of vegetation communities increases from 15 to 800 g/m2 and 10–250 g/m2, respectively, in the Mu Us sandy land; and (2) the lowest value of ABS (NABS) appeared in the mobile sandy dunes and the highest value appeared in the semi-fixed sandy dunes; (3) under fixed thresholds conditions, the FVC can be extracted accurately using the excess green method, visible atmospherically resistant index, vegetative index, green red vegetation index and red green blue vegetation index (RGBVI); and (4) the correlation between the FVC calculated by the five RGB vegetation indexes and NABS in this study is greater than that between FVC and ABS (e.g. R2NABS - RGBVI = 0.734, R2ABS - RGBVI = 0.666), and the FVC calculated by RGBVI can be used to estimate NABS in the Mu Us sandy land. This study will provide new insights for field investigations of the ABS, NABS, and FVC in sandy areas.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Chronic stress may facilitate the development of metabolic disorders including insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MiR‐18a and miR‐34c modulate central cell responsiveness to ...stress by targeting glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor type 1 (CRFR1) mRNA, which are important regulators of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. This study explored the relationship between T2DM/IR and expression of miR‐18a and miR‐34c in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in an occupational sample. Three groups of study subjects were involved, including T2DM patients, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) individuals and healthy controls. The degree of IR was determined using the homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). The expression of miR‐18a and miR‐34c in PBMCs was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Expression levels of miR‐18a and miR‐34c were significantly correlated with cortisol, corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) (P < 0.05). The increased levels of miR‐18a were associated with risk of T2DM (adjusted OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.25–1.75, P < 0.001) and IFG (adjusted OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.09–1.63, P = 0.005). By contrast, the decreased levels of miR‐34c were associated with risk of T2DM (adjusted OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.75–0.88, P < 0.001) and IFG (adjusted OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81–0.94, P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, miR‐18a and miR‐34c were independent positive and negative predictors of HOMA‐IR, respectively (P < 0.001). The miRNA panel with the two miRNAs demonstrated high accuracy in the diagnosis of T2DM (AUC = 0.851, 95% CI: 0.786–0.800, P < 0.001). MiR‐18a and miR‐34c in PBMCs may be important marker of stress reaction and may play a role in vulnerability to T2DM as well as IR.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
How two subgenomes in allo-tetraploids adapt to coexistence and coordinate through structure and expression evolution requires extensive studies. In the present study, we report an improved genome ...assembly of allo-tetraploid common carp, an updated genome annotation of allo-tetraploid goldfish and the chromosome-scale assemblies of a progenitor-like diploid Puntius tetrazona and an outgroup diploid Paracanthobrama guichenoti. Parallel subgenome structure evolution in the allo-tetraploids was featured with equivalent chromosome components, higher protein identities, similar transposon divergence and contents, homoeologous exchanges, better synteny level, strong sequence compensation and symmetric purifying selection. Furthermore, we observed subgenome expression divergence processes in the allo-tetraploids, including inter-/intrasubgenome trans-splicing events, expression dominance, decreased expression levels, dosage compensation, stronger expression correlation, dynamic functionalization and balancing of differential expression. The potential disorders introduced by different progenitors in the allo-tetraploids were hypothesized to be alleviated by increasing structural homogeneity and performing versatile expression processes. Resequencing three common carp strains revealed two major ecotypes and uncovered candidate genes relevant to growth and survival rate.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
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