The interaction between tumor and the immune system is still poorly understood. Significant clinical responses have been achieved in cancer patients treated with antibodies against the CTLA4 and ...PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoints; however, only a small portion of patients responded to the therapies, indicating a need to explore additional co-inhibitory molecules for cancer treatment. B7-H3, a member of the B7 superfamily, was previously shown by us to inhibit T-cell activation and autoimmunity. In this study, we have analyzed the function of BT-H3 in tumor immunity. Expression of B7-H3 was found in multiple tumor lines, tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells, and macrophages. B7-H3-deficient mice or mice treated with an antagonistic antibody to B7-H3 showed reduced growth of multiple tumors, which depended on NK and CD8^＋ T cells. With a putative receptor expressed by cytotoxic lymphocytes, B7-H3 inhibited their activation, and its deficiency resulted in increased cytotoxic lymphocyte function in tumor-bearing mice. Combining blockades of B7-H3 and PD-1 resulted in further enhanced therapeutic control of late-stage tumors. Taken together, our results indicate that the B7-H3 checkpoint may serve as a novel target for immunotherapy against cancer.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the regeneration process of the nasal mucosa after a surgically created mucosal defect in the rabbit nasal septum,and to evaluate the effects of ...different interventions.Methods:A 7 mm-diameter circular mucosal defect was made in the septum of forty New Zealand white rabbits.The rabbits were divided into four groups (ten rabbits in each group) according to the type of intervention;no treatment (control),silastic sheet (SS),hyaluronic acid (HA),and silastic sheet and hyaluronic acid (SS + HA) group.The diameter of the defect,mucosal thickness,epithelial thickness,and ciliated cell count were evaluated every week for five weeks.Results:The average diameter of the defect in the control group were 5.1,3.65,1.2,0.75,and 0.05 mm at postoperative 1,2,3,4,and 5 weeks.In the SS group,the diameter decreased to 4.35,2.1,0.35,0.15,and 0 mm at postoperative 1,2,3,4,and 5 weeks,respectively,in which the mean diameter of the postoperative week 2 was significantly smaller compared to control (3.65 mm vs.2.1 mm,P =0.039).For the HA group and SS + HA group,the diameter of the defect did not show a significant difference from the control group during the five weeks.The mucosal thickness,epithelial thickness,and ciliated cell count of the regenerated mucosa were not significantly different among the groups.Conclusion:The regeneration process of the nasal septal mucosa was identified using a novel rabbit model.Mucosal regeneration can be accelerated by applying silastic sheets.
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FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aim： To elucidate the effect and the mechanisms of curcumin on the expression of the human homeobox gene NKX3.1 in the prostate cancer cell LNCaP. Methods： The expression change of NKX3.1 in cells ...incubated with varying concentrations of curcumin was observed by Western blotting and RT-PCR. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to test the effect of curcumin on the activity of the NKX3.1 1040 bp promoter. Curcumin-treated cells disposed to a designated amount of androgen analog R1881 and the androgen receptor （AR） antagonist flutamide, then the expression of NKX3.1 or the activity of the NKX3.1 promoter were investigated by Western blotting or reporter gene assay, respectively. Finally, Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were performed to demonstrate the effect of curcumin on the expression of AR and its binding activity to the androgen response element （ARE）. Results： Curcumin downregulated the expression of NKX3.1 and the activity of the NKX3.1 1040 bp promoter in LNCaP cells. R1881 increased the expression of NKX3.1, and theAR antagonist flutamide decreased the expression of NKX3.1 in LNCaP cells, while curcumin could inhibit androgen-AR mediated induction of NKX3.1 expression. Curcumin decreased the expression of AR and the binding activity toARE directly. Conclusion： Curcumin could downregulate NKX3.1 expression in LNCaP cells. It could also inhibit the androgen-AR mediated induction of NKX3.1 expression by downregulating AR expression and blocking its DNA binding activity.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Objective： To investigate the adjuvant therapeutic effects of fermented red ginseng（FRG） extract on non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） patients treated with chemotherapy. Methods： A total of 60 ...patients with advanced NSCLC were assigned to two groups using a random number table, i.e., the gemcitabine plus cisplatin（GP） chemotherapy alone group（26 patients） and the FRG ＋ GP chemotherapy group（34 patients）, for 60-day treatment. Patients were then assessed according to the Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Chinese medicine symptoms score, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung. In addition, chemotherapy toxicity and tumor biomarkers were measured. Results： For NSCLC patients after chemotherapy, FRG extract significantly improved the FSI score, CM symptoms score, psychological status, physical conditions, and quality of life and reduced chemotherapy toxicity（P〈0.01）, but the expression levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin-19 fragments, and neuron-specific enolase were not significantly different between the chemotherapy alone and the FRG ＋ chemotherapy groups or between pre-and post-treatments（P〉0.05）. Conclusions： This study demonstrated that FRG extract had an adjuvant effect on advanced NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy. Further studies with a larger sample size will verify the current findings.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We characterize the generation of square waves from a figure-eight laser that incorporates an on-chip nonlinear waveguide. By varying the gain parameters, we show multiple dynamical regimes of ...operation, hysteretic behavior, and the bistability of CW operation leading to square wave pulses.
Exploiting a single figure-eight laser configuration that uses a highly nonlinear on-chip spiral waveguide, we experimentally demonstrate several mode-locking dynamics. We adjust the mode-locking ...pulse profiles in a controlled manner by varying the polarization.
해발에 따른 제주도 용암류대지 지형의 세분화에 관한 연구 현병근(Byung-Keun Hyun); 정연태(Yeon-Tae Jug); 현근수(Geun-Soo Hyun) ...
韓國土壤肥料學會誌,
2009, Volume:
42, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Open access
This study was conducted to obtain the basic information to increase the practical use of soil survey data through the subdividing of lava shapes with soil sequences due to different elevations in ...Jeju. The numbers of soil series of lava topography had occupied many of whole soil series in Jeju. When its topography subdivide, it give more detailed soil information. The obtained results are as follows; The lava topography to subdivide lava topography were studied with 38 soil series according to elevation in Jeju. Division of elevation are less than 50m, 50m to 200m, and 200m to 400m and more than 400m. Name the depending on elevation, less than 50m is called lower part of lava, 50m to 200m is called middle part of lava, and 200m to 400m and more than 400m are called upper part of lava. The characteristics of lava subdivide are as follows; soil family texture of lower part of lava is fine silty to clayey, drainage classes are various, average of available soil depth is 75.3cm, average of gravely contents are 11.6%, average of slopeness is 7.2%, limiting factor are various and soil order are various. soil family texture of middle part of lava is fine silty to coarse silty, drainage classes are well to very well, average of available soil depth is 65.9cm, average of gravely contents are 14.7%, average of slopeness is 11.3%, limiting factor are ashy and soil order are Andisols and Inceptisols. Soil family texture of upper part of lave is fine silty, drainage classes are well, average of available soil depth is 72.8cm, average of gravely contents are 16.0%, average of slopeness is 14.9%, limiting factor are ashy and skeletal, and order are Andisols. 제주도 화산회 토양중 용암류대지 지형에 대한 세분화 연구를 수행하였다. 용암류대지 지형으로 되어 있는 것이 매우 많은 토양통수를 차지하고 있으나, 많은 토양통이 용암류대지 지형으로 되어 있기 때문에 이를 세분화할 경우 훨씬 다양한 토양정보를 제공할 수 있기 때문이다. 용암류대지 지형의 세분화연구를 통하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 용암류대지에 해당하는 토양 38개를 대상으로 해발별로 토양통을 구분하였다. 해발별 구분은 50m 미만, 50-200m, 200-400, 400m 이상으로 구분하였다. 2. 해발별로 구분된 용암류대지 지형을 해발 50m 미만은 용암류대지 하부, 50-200m는 용암류대지 중부, 200-400m와 400m 이상의 경우에는 용암류대지 상부로 세분화하였다. 3. 용암류대지를 세분화한 지형의 특성은 다음과 같다. 용암류대지하부 지형은 토성이 미사식양질 내지 식질, 배수등급은 다양하였으며, 평균유효토심은 75.3cm, 평균자갈함량은 11.6%, 평균경사는 7.2%, 저해인자는 다양하였고, 토양목도 다양하였다. 용암류대지 중부지형은 토성은 미사식양질 내지 미사사양질, 배수등급은 양호 내지 매우양호, 평균유효토심은 65.9cm, 평균자갈함량은 14.7%, 평균경사는 11.3%, 저해인자는 주로 화산회였으며, 토양목은 주로 Andisols과 Inceptisols이 분포하였다. 용암류대지상부지형은 토성은 미사식양질, 배수등급은 양호, 평균유효토심은 72.8cm, 평균자갈함량은 16.0%, 평균경사는 14.9%, 저해인자는 회산회와 석력이었으며, 토양목은 Andisols이 주로 분포하였다. 4. 수량성 향상 및 고품질 작물생산을 위하여 세분화된 용암류대지의 토양특성에 따른 토양관리가 필요하다.
AIM:To investigate the relationship between neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)expression and the natriuretic peptide signaling pathway in the gastric fundus of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic ...mice.METHODS:Diabetic mice were induced by injection of STZ solution.Immunofluorescence labeling of HuC/D,nNOS and natriuretic peptide receptor-A,B,C(NPRs)in the gastric fundus(GF)was used to observe nNOS expression and whether NPRs exist on enteric neurons.The expression levels of nNOS and NPRs in the diabetic GF were examined by western blotting.An isometric force transducer recorded the electric field stimulation(EFS)-induced relaxation and contraction in the diabetic GF.An intracellular recording method assessed EFSinduced inhibitory junction potentials(IJP)on the GF.GF smooth muscles acquired from normal mice were incubated with different concentrations of the NPRs agonist C-type natriuretic peptide(CNP)for 24 h,after which their nNOS expressions were detected by western blotting.RESULTS:Eight weeks after injection,43 diabetic mice were obtained from mouse models injected with STZ.Immunofluorescence indicated that the number of NOS neurons was significantly decreased and that nNOS expression was significantly downregulated in the diabetic GF.The results of physiological and electrophysiological assays showed that the EFS-induced relaxation that mainly caused by NO was significantly reduced,while the contraction was enhanced in the diabetic GF.EFSinduced IJP showed that L-NAME sensitive IJP in the diabetic GF was significantly reduced compared with control mice.However,both NPR-A and NPR-B were detected on enteric neurons,and their expression levels were upregulated in the diabetic GF.The nNOS expression level was downregulated dose-dependently in GF smooth muscle tissues exposed to CNP.CONCLUSION:These findings suggested that upregulation of the NPs signaling pathway may be involved in GF neuropathy caused by diabetes by decreasing nNOS expression.
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