•The estimated self-reported rates of anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms among medical staff were 13.3% and 18.4% respectively under COVID-19 epidemic.•Up to 23.9% investigated medical staff ...reported having anxiety or depression symptoms.•Psychological interventions for medical staff should be integrated into the strategies for fighting COVID-19.
It is well known that unexpected pandemic has led to an increase in mental health problems among a variety of populations.
In this study, an online non-probability sample survey was used to anonymously investigate the anxiety and depression symptoms among medical staff under the COVID-19 outbreak. The questionnaire included Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms were estimated by logistic regression analysis.
A total of 1090 medical staff were investigated in this study. The estimated self-reported rates of anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms and both of the two were 13.3%, 18.4% and 23.9% respectively. Factors associated with self-reported anxiety symptoms include married status (OR=2.3, 95%CI: 1.2, 4.4), not living alone (OR=0.4, 95%CI: 0.2, 0.7), never confiding their troubles to others (OR=2.2, 95%CI: 1.4, 3.5) and higher stress (OR=14.4, 95%CI: 7.8, 26.4). Factors associated with self-reported depression symptoms include not living alone (OR=0.4, 95%CI: 0.3, 0.7), sometimes/often getting care from neighbours (OR=0.6, 95%CI: 0.4, 0.9), never confiding their troubles to others (OR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.3, 3.0) and higher stress (OR=9.7, 95%CI: 6.2, 15.2).
The study was a non-probability sample survey. Besides, scales used in this study can only identify mental health states.
Under outbreak of COVID-19, self-reported rates of anxiety symptoms and depression symptoms were high in investigated medical staff. Psychological interventions for those at high risk with common mental problems should be integrated into the work plan to fight against the epidemic.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the recent decades, due to rapid increase in industrialization, urbanization, anthropogenic activity in the catchments, removal of heavy metals contaminants in wastewater has become global ...challenges. Numerous advance technologies have been introduced to deal with these problems but failed in reducing adequate pollution load in the contaminated water and/or wastewater. In this study, sulfur-ferromagnetic nanoparticles (SFMNs) were synthesized by modification of nano-Fe3O4, which can be rapidly separated from the environment by an external magnetic field after in situ repair. Its structure and physical properties were characterized by conventional techniques included Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The ability of the SFMNs to remove Pb2+ and Cd2+ was studied at different temperatures and initial metal ions concentrations. The adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption equilibrium time of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was 300 min consequently adsorption process of SFMNs fit well (R2 > 0.99) with pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption thermodynamics showed that the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on SFMNs is spontaneous (negative value of ΔG0) endothermic process (positive value of ΔH0) and fit well (R2 > 0.98) with the Langmuir isothermal model. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that SFMNs can transfer electrons to Pb2+ and Cd2+, and the metal ions form stable chelates on the ligand surface. This study implies that newly synthesized sulfur-ferromagnetic nanoparticles could play an instrumental role in metal ions removal from water and wastewater.
•Sulfur-ferromagnetic nanoparticles (SFMNs) were obtained by modified nanomagnets.•SFMNs have good adsorption effect on Pb2+ and Cd2+.•The adsorption process satisfies pseudo-second-order model(R2 > 0.99).•The process of adsorption is a spontaneous, endothermic reaction.•Pb2+ and Cd2+ form stable chelates on the surface of SFMNs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Lead (Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure is positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the possible potential mechanism may be caused by damage to the ...endothelium by modulation of inflammatory processes. No comprehensive research shows co-exposure of Pb and PAH on cardiovascular endothelial inflammation in electronic waste (e-waste) exposed populations. Given this, the aim of this study is to provide evidence for a relationship between Pb and PAH co-exposure and cardiovascular endothelial inflammation, in an e-waste-exposed population, to delineate the link between a potential mechanism for CVD and environmental exposure. We recruited 203 preschool children (3–7 years) were enrolled from Guiyu (e-waste-exposed group, n = 105) and Haojiang (reference group, n = 98). Blood Pb levels and urinary PAH metabolites were measured. Percentages of T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, complete blood counts, endothelial inflammation biomarker (serum S100A8/A9), and other inflammatory biomarkers serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12p70, gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) levels were evaluated. Blood Pb, total urinary hydroxylated PAH (ΣOHPAH), total hydroxynaphthalene (ΣOHNap) and total hydroxyfluorene (ΣOHFlu) levels, S100A8/A9, IL-6, IL-12p70 and IP-10 concentrations, absolute counts of monocytes, neutrophils, and leukocytes, as well as CD4+ T cell percentages were significantly higher in exposed children. Elevated blood Pb, urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHNap) and ΣOHFlu levels were associated with higher levels of IL-6, IL-12p70, IP-10, CD4+ T cell percentages, neutrophil and monocyte counts. Mediator models indicated that neutrophils exert the significant mediation effect on the relationship between blood Pb levels and S100A8/A9. IL-6 exerts a significant mediation effect on the relationship between blood Pb levels and IP-10, as well as the relationship between urinary ΣOHFlu levels and IP-10. Our results indicate that children with elevated exposure levels of Pb and PAHs have exacerbated vascular endothelial inflammation, which may indicate future CVD risk in e-waste recycling areas.
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•Pb and PAH toxicity impair inflammatory cells and vascular endothelium.•Children from e-waste areas exhibit higher blood Pb and urinary PAH levels.•Blood Pb and urinary PAH levels positively correlate with inflammatory biomarkers.•Inflammatory biomarker levels may indicate future cardiovascular disease risk.
E-waste-exposed children have elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers associated with increased blood Pb levels and urinary PAH metabolites, which may indicate future cardiovascular disease risk.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
High levels of nitrates in groundwater pose a risk to human health. In this study, we selected areas with typical agricultural nitrate pollution in northeast China as study sites. We then collected ...groundwater samples for nitrate nitrogen content analysis using the Four Step method developed by the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in conjunction with the non-carcinogens health risk model (R = CDI/RfD) to determine the health risk associated with nitrate pollution of groundwater. The reference value of nitrates in drinking water was set at 10 mg/L (measured as nitrogen) and the intake reference dose of nitrate was set at 1.6 mg•kg
−1
•d
−1
based on the EPA’s IRIS(Integrated Risk Information System). The water intake reference values were set at 2.3 L/d and 1.5 L/d based on the EPA values and actual values observed in the study area. The average exposure time was the ED (exposure duration) × 365d/a. Weights refer to the 2002 national urban and rural average weight of residents of different genders and different ages. Health hazard index calculation was based on the above information, and the index less than 1 is acceptable (U.S. EPA’s Risk Assessment Guide). Health risk assessment maps were then drawn by Arcgis software. The results indicated that agricultural sewage irrigation areas in the study area showed strong health risks, but that those of the city were relatively small. Moreover, the results indicated that children’s health risks are greater than those of adults.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Obesity, defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, is strongly associated with an increased risk of various metabolic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ...which shares many common pathogenic factors that drive each other in a vicious circle and whose exact pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Recently, adipokines synthesised and secreted by adipose tissue have been found to play pleiotropic roles in the progression of obesity and T2DM, and are expected to be a targeted drug or predictive biomarker to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases. This review summarizes the recent research progress of several newly identified adipokines in obesity and T2DM, including meteorin-like, neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), asprosin, and isthmin-1, in order to reveal the unknown crosstalk between adipokines in metabolic disorders in obesity and T2DM, and to explore their early diagnostic and therapeutic potentials.
A thorough understanding of the influencing factors and mechanisms of community resilience in tourism destinations is vital not only for recovery after disasters but also for strengthening the ...adaptive capacity of community residents to manage sudden change. This study aims to investigate the roles of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital in enhancing community residents' perceived resilience in tourism destinations. Based on data derived from a survey of 691 residents of China's Dujiangyan scenic areas and Jiuzhai Valley National Park, this study used structural equation modeling to test the relationship between community residents' perceived social capital and resilience in tourism destinations. The findings suggest that the three types of social capital have significantly positive effects on community residents' perceived resilience in tourism destinations. In China's centralized political system, linking social capital is the most important type of social capital in community disaster recovery. An interaction effect between bonding, bridging, and linking social capital is found. This study's results help managers and community residents cultivate social capital, improve community resilience and maintain sustainable tourism development.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
There is evidence that physical activity (PA) has a long-term positive impact on disease. Whether PA is a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) is still controversial. The purpose of this study ...was to explore whether there is a causal relationship between PA and knee OA. We extracted PA and knee OA data from genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases. We used single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables. We performed MR analysis by random-effects inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR‒Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. We evaluated the stability and reliability of the results through sensitivity analysis. There was no significant association between PA and knee OA (p > 0.05). We did not detect any pleiotropy (MR‒Egger intercept test et al.: p > 0.05). The sensitivity analysis confirmed our results (p > 0.05). There is no causal relationship between PA and knee OA.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This work investigates quantitative supervisory control of discrete event systems modeled with Petri nets under the fixed‐initial‐credit energy objective. A weight function referred to as an energy ...function is defined on a Petri net to characterize the energy level of a transition. The proposed fixed‐initial‐credit energy problem aims to design a supervisor such that the energy level of a transition sequence in a supervised system is higher than 0 under a given initial energy level. The problem is eventually transformed into a two‐player game between a system and a supervisor; supervisor synthesis is reduced to finding a winning strategy in the two‐player game. Instead of enumerating the complete state space of the underlying Petri net, two information structures are utilized, namely the conventional basis reachability graph and the newly proposed essential marking graph, to construct two‐player games based on each of them. It is shown that a winning strategy for a supervisor decoded from the game based on the basis reachability graph of the Petri net is a solution to the problem but is in general restrictive. Further, it is shown that the set of strategies for a supervisor in the game based on the essential marking graph is consistent with that from the game based on the reachability graph of a Petri net. The two developed approaches do not require an exhaustive exploration of the state space of a plant, thus achieving higher efficiency.
This work investigates quantitative supervisory control of discrete event systems modeled with Petri nets under the fixed‐initial‐credit energy objective. We utilize two information structures to construct two‐player games based on each of them. The supervisor synthesis problem is reduced to finding a winning strategy in the two‐player game.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract A significant decrease in estrogen levels puts menopausal women at high risk for major depression, which remains difficult to cure despite its relatively clear etiology. With the discovery ...of abnormally elevated inflammation in menopausal depressed women, immune imbalance has become a novel focus in the study of menopausal depression. In this paper, we examined the characteristics and possible mechanisms of immune imbalance caused by decreased estrogen levels during menopause and found that estrogen deficiency disrupted immune homeostasis, especially the levels of inflammatory cytokines through the ERα/ERβ/GPER-associated NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathways. We also analyzed the destruction of the blood-brain barrier, dysfunction of neurotransmitters, blockade of BDNF synthesis, and attenuation of neuroplasticity caused by inflammatory cytokine activity, and investigated estrogen-immuno-neuromodulation disorders in menopausal depression. Current research suggests that drugs targeting inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3/NF-κB signaling molecules are promising for restoring homeostasis of the estrogen-immuno-neuromodulation system and may play a positive role in the intervention and treatment of menopausal depression.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Accumulated evidence strongly indicates that oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidants in favor of oxidants, plays an important ...role in disease pathogenesis. However, ROS can act as signaling molecules and fulfill essential physiological functions at basal levels. Each ROS would be different in the extent to stimulate and contribute to different pathophysiological effects. Importantly, multiple ROS generators can be activated either concomitantly or sequentially by relevant signaling molecules for redox biological functions. Here, we summarized the current knowledge related to chemical and biochemical features of primary ROS species and corresponding antioxidants. Metabolic pathways of five major ROS generators and five ROS clearance systems were described, including their ROS products, specific ROS enriched tissue, cell and organelle, and relevant functional implications. We provided an overview of ROS generation and induction at different levels of metabolism. We classified 11 ROS species into three types based on their reactivity and target selectivity and presented ROS homeostasis and functional implications in pathological and physiological status. This article intensively reviewed and refined biochemical basis, metabolic signaling and regulation, functional insights, and provided guidance for the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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