The photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde by graphite-like C3N4 is one of the most attractive and environmentally friendly strategies to address the significant threat to human health posed by ...indoor air pollutants. Despite its potential, this degradation process still faces issues with suboptimal efficiency, which may be attributed to the rapid recombination of photogenerated excitons and the broad band gap. As a proof of concept, a series of graphite-like C3N4@C60 composites combining graphite-like C3N4 and C60 was developed via an in situ generation strategy. The obtained graphite-like C3N4@C60 composites exhibited a remarkable increase in the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of formaldehyde, of up to 99%, under visible light irradiation, outperforming pure graphite-like C3N4 and C60. This may be due to the composites’ enhanced built-in electric field. Additionally, the proposed composites maintained a formaldehyde removal efficiency of 84% even after six cycles, highlighting their potential for indoor air purification and paving the way for the development of efficient photocatalysts.
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In a Wi-Fi indoor positioning system (IPS), the performance of the IPS depends on the channel state information (CSI), which is often limited due to the multipath fading effect, especially in indoor ...environments involving multiple non-line-of-sight propagation paths. In this paper, we propose a novel IPS utilizing trajectory CSI observed from predetermined trajectories instead of the CSI collected at each stationary location; thus, the proposed method enables all the CSI along each route to be continuously encountered in the observation. Further, by using a generative adversarial network (GAN), which helps enlarge the training dataset, the cost of trajectory CSI collection can be significantly reduced. To fully exploit the trajectory CSI’s spatial and temporal information, the proposed IPS employs a deep learning network of a one-dimensional convolutional neural network–long short-term memory (1DCNN-LSTM). The proposed IPS was hardware-implemented, where digital signal processors and a universal software radio peripheral were used as a modem and radio frequency transceiver, respectively, for both access point and mobile device of Wi-Fi. We verified that the proposed IPS based on the trajectory CSI far outperforms the state-of-the-art IPS based on the CSI collected from stationary locations through extensive experimental tests and computer simulations.
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We tested the hypothesis that soil texture and nitrogen (N) fertilisation are the primary factors regulating the N cycle and soil bacterial community structure. The response of soil bacterial ...communities to N fertilisation in different textured soils might help in identifying the specific underlying mechanism and hence management of N fertiliser application in fields. We examined how N fertiliser accumulates in flue-cured tobacco and influences soil bacterial community structure in different textured soils. We conducted plot and micro-plot experimental measurements of N content in soil and tobacco samples using the KNO
N isotope technique. Soil bacterial community structure was determined using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA. Nitrogen absorption and utilisation by tobacco plants were highest in sandy loam soils, followed by loam soil and clay loam. The ability of clay loam to supply N was weak during the plant growth period. Absence of fertilisation could reduce bacterial abundance in soils to various degrees. Bacterial diversity was higher in sandy loam soil than in loam soil and clay loam. Soil texture and N fertilisation significantly affected soil bacterial community structure and diversity. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla, while Bacillus, Nitrobacter, Nitrosospira, Nitrospira, and Rhizobium were the primary N transformation bacteria at the genus level in all treatments. However, relative abundances differed with N fertiliser application, which could lead to differential N availability and N use efficiency of tobacco among soil types. We conclude that both soil texture and N fertilisation influence N accumulation and distribution in flue-cured tobacco and thus regulate soil bacterial communities. N fertiliser application in sandy loam soil should be strictly controlled for its higher N use efficiency, soil bacterial abundance, and diversity.
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Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. We aimed to find the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LN and confirm the regulatory mechanism on LN. ...The mouse model of LN was constructed by subcutaneous injection of pristane. RNA-seq screened 392 up-regulated and 447 down-regulated DEGs in LN mouse model, and KEGG analysis found that the top 20 DEGs were enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, etc. The hub genes, Kynu, Spidr, Gbp3, Cbr1, Cyp4b1, and Cndp2 were identified, in which Gbp3 was selected for following study. Afterwards, the function of Gbp3 on the proliferation, inflammation, and pyroptosis of LN was verified by CCK-8, ELISA, and WB in vitro. The results demonstrated that si-Gbp3 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8) and pyroptosis-related proteins (GSDMD, Caspase-1 and NLRP3) in a cell model of LN. In constrast, Gbp3 overexpression played an opposite role. In summary, Gbp3 promoted the progression of LN via inhibiting cell proliferation and facilitating inflammation and pyroptosis.
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In order to meet the diversified rehabilitation needs of people, it is necessary to design a product for the active rehabilitation of patients. Existing rehabilitation chairs use intelligent massage, ...which can cause problems such as large massage areas, inability to massage locally, large chair size, and inability to meet the continuous use of the damaged parts. In this paper, the modular design method and multi-layer evaluation method are used to solve the problems related to rehabilitation chairs. The authors use the questionnaire survey method and the functional technology matrix method to determine the functional requirements of the rehabilitation chair, and then use the multilevel evaluation methods, including the AHP method, entropy weight method, and grey correlation analysis, to optimize the functional solutions of the rehabilitation chair, and finally obtain a chair for the rehabilitation of patients with upper and lower limb disorders. Problems such as the generalization of rehabilitation scope and non-durable use of components were solved, and the purpose of active exercise was achieved. This study verifies that the use of the multilevel decision evaluation method can effectively improve the efficiency of program decision-making and provides a theoretical and practical basis for the design of similar products.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are commonly employed as environmentally-friendly solvents in numerous chemical applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties. In this study, a novel and ...environmentally-friendly extraction method based on ultrasound assisted-deep eutectic solvent extraction (UAE-DES) was investigated for the extraction of flavonoids from
(Batal.) Iljinskaja (
) leaves, and the antioxidant activities of these flavonoids were evaluated. Nine different DES systems based on either two or three components were tested, and the choline chloride/1,4⁻butanediol system (1:5 molar ratio) was selected as the optimal system for maximizing the flavonoid extraction yields. Other extraction conditions required to achieve the maximum flavonoid extraction yields from the leaves of
were as follows: DES water content (
/
), 30%; extraction time, 30 min; temperature, 60 °C; and solid-liquid ratio, 20 mg/mL. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed the detection of five flavonoids in the extract, namely kaempferol-7-
-α-l-rhamnoside, kaempferol, quercetin, quercetin-3-
-β-d-glucuronide, and kaempferol-3-
-β-d-glucuronide. In vitro antioxidant tests revealed that the flavonoid-containing extract exhibited strong DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging abilities. Results indicate that UAE-DES is a suitable approach for the selective extraction of flavonoids from
leaves, and DESs can be employed as sustainable extraction media for other bioactive compounds.
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Autotoxicity, defined as a deleterious allelopathic effect among individuals of the same plant species, is considered as one of the factors that contributes to replant failure. Tobacco, as an ...important cultured and economic crop over the world, has been often hampered by replant failure. In view of the seriousness of this problem, the allelochemicals of flue-cured tobacco and their allelopathic effects were investigated. The extracts of rhizosphere soil exhibited phytotoxic activities against Lactuca sativa and autotoxic activities against tobacco itself. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of six compounds, the structures of which were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Among them, β-cembrenediol (1), di-n-hexyl phthalate (2), and bis(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (3) showed observably phytotoxic activities against L. sativa seedlings and autotoxic activities on tobacco. The allelochemicals were then verified in the root zone soils of flue-cured tobacco by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These results provide new insights into the allelopathic mechanisms involved in the replant failure of flue-cured tobacco.
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(tribe Oryzeae Dum., subfamily Oryzoideae Care, family Gramineae) is native to East Asian countries. The seeds of
(Chinese wild rice) have been consumed as a cereal in China for >3000 years.
forms ...swollen culms when infected with
, which is the second most-cultivated aquatic vegetable in China. The current review summarizes the nutrients and bioactive compounds of
, and health benefits of its seeds. The seeds of
contain proteins, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive compounds, the activities of which—for example, antioxidant activity—have been characterized. Various health benefits are associated with their consumption, such as alleviation of insulin resistance and lipotoxicity, and protection against cardiovascular disease. Chinese wild rice may be used to prevent and treat metabolic disease, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Various compounds were isolated from the swollen culm, and aerial parts of
. The former suppresses osteoclast formation, inhibits growth of rat glioma cells, and may act as antioxidants and immunomodulators in drugs or foods. The latter exerts anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects. Thus,
may be used to produce nutraceuticals and functional foods.
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is one of the most destructive plant pathogens affecting a variety of plants, causing black shank of tobacco, among several other devastating diseases. Herein, we assembled the mitochondrial genome ...of
and analyzed its gene content and genome structure, performed comparative mitochondrial genomics analysis, and assessed phylogenetic relationships among oomycetes species. The circular mitogenome is 37,561 bp long, with 38 protein-coding genes, 25 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rrnl and rrns). The mitochondrial genome showed a biased A/T usage versus G/C. The overall gene content and size of the
mitogenome are identical to those of other published
mitogenomes. Interestingly, collinearity analysis using an existing ∼10 k inversion region (including 11 genes and 8 tRNAs) revealed that
,
,
,
, and
differed from
,
,
, and
. Moreover, inverted repeat regions were found to be absent among species of the Peronosporales when compared with species from the Pythiales and Saprolegniales. A phylogenomic investigation based on 29 protein-coding genes demonstrated that
is monophyletic, and placed
close to the clade including
,
,
,
, and
. Furthermore, we discovered six new candidate DNA molecular markers (
,
,
,
,
, and
) based on these mitogenomes that would be suitable for species identification in the oomycetes, which have the same identification level as the whole mitogenome and ribosomal DNA sequences. These new molecular markers can not only provide a quick preview of the species without mitogenome information, but will also help to gain better understanding of the oomycetes pathogens and developing treatment or monitoring strategies.
Bacterial wilt negatively impacts the yield and quality of tomatoes.
-Abienol, a labdane diterpenoid abundantly produced in the trichome secretion of
spp., can induce bacterial wilt resistance in ...plants; however, study on its practical application and acting mechanism is very limited. This study established the application conditions of
-abienol for inducing tomato bacterial wilt resistance by pot-inoculation experiments and investigated the underlying mechanism by determining the physio-biochemical indexes and transcriptomic changes. The results showed that applying
-abienol to the roots was the most effective approach for inducing tomato bacterial wilt resistance. The optimal concentration was 60 μg/mL, and 2-3 consecutive applications with 3-6 days intervals were sufficient to induce the bacterial wilt resistance of tomato plants.
-Abienol could enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity and stimulate the defensive signal transduction in tomato roots, leading to the upregulation of genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. It also upregulated the expression of
genes and increased the content of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), which control the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and the content of phytoalexins in tomato roots.
-Abienol-induced resistance mainly depends on the JA signalling pathway, and the SA signalling pathway is also involved in this process. This study established the feasibility of applying the plant-derived terpenoid
-abienol to induce plant bacterial wilt resistance, which is of great value for developing eco-friendly bactericides.
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