Under the challenges of global crises such as climate warming, ESG performance, which represents sustainable development, has received widespread attention at home and abroad. Using the panel data ...from 2011 to 2020, comprising 726 high energy-consuming companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares, this paper takes Energy Internet demonstration project in 2016 as a quasi-natural experiment and builds a difference-in-difference model to study its microscopic policy effects. The study found that, firstly, Energy Internet can markedly enhance ESG performance of high energy-consuming companies. Secondly, the mechanism test finds that Energy Internet can facilitate high energy-consuming enterprises to enhance their ESG performance through three mechanisms: increasing government subsidies for enterprises in energy conservation and environmental protection, absorbing talent employment and improving information environment within the enterprises. Finally, the heterogeneity analysis proves that Energy Internet's policy effects are more pronounced in regions with higher financial expenditures on local science undertakings and among state-owned enterprises. China ought to persist in advancing the development of Energy Internet and provide companies with adequate support on finance, talent and technology. Meanwhile, during the construction of Energy Internet, attention should be paid to adapting to local conditions and enterprises.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Organic cathode materials as economical and environment‐friendly alternatives to inorganic cathode materials have attracted comprehensive attention in potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs). Nonetheless, ...active material dissolution and mismatched electrolytes result in insufficient cycle life that definitely hinders their practical applications. Here, a significantly improved cycle life of 1000 cycles (80% capacity retention) on a practically insoluble organic cathode material, anthraquinone‐1,5‐disulfonic acid sodium salt, is realized, in KIBs through a solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) regulation strategy by ether‐based electrolytes. Such an excellent performance is attributed to the robust SEI film and fast reaction kinetics. More importantly, the ether‐electrolyte‐derived SEI film has a protective inorganic‐rich inner layer arising from the prior decomposition of potassium salts to solvents, as revealed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and computational studies on molecular orbital energy levels. The findings shed light on the critical roles of electrolytes and the corresponding SEI films in enhancing performance of organic cathodes in KIBs.
Solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) regulation by electrolytes is an effective approach to boost K‐storage performance of organic cathodes in potassium‐ion batteries. The prior decomposition of potassium salts to the ether solvent molecules creates a compact and sustainable inorganic‐rich inner layer of SEI, rendering fast reaction kinetics and a long cycle life of 1000 cycles with 80% capacity retention.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP) modeling is an important and challenging problem. Landslide features are generally uncorrelated or nonlinearly correlated, resulting in limited LSP ...performance when leveraging conventional machine learning models. In this study, a deep-learning-based model using the long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network and conditional random field (CRF) in cascade-parallel form was proposed for making LSPs based on remote sensing (RS) images and a geographic information system (GIS). The RS images are the main data sources of landslide-related environmental factors, and a GIS is used to analyze, store, and display spatial big data. The cascade-parallel LSTM-CRF consists of frequency ratio values of environmental factors in the input layers, cascade-parallel LSTM for feature extraction in the hidden layers, and cascade-parallel full connection for classification and CRF for landslide/non-landslide state modeling in the output layers. The cascade-parallel form of LSTM can extract features from different layers and merge them into concrete features. The CRF is used to calculate the energy relationship between two grid points, and the extracted features are further smoothed and optimized. As a case study, the cascade-parallel LSTM-CRF was applied to Shicheng County of Jiangxi Province in China. A total of 2709 landslide grid cells were recorded and 2709 non-landslide grid cells were randomly selected from the study area. The results show that, compared with existing main traditional machine learning algorithms, such as multilayer perception, logistic regression, and decision tree, the proposed cascade-parallel LSTM-CRF had a higher landslide prediction rate (positive predictive rate: 72.44%, negative predictive rate: 80%, total predictive rate: 75.67%). In conclusion, the proposed cascade-parallel LSTM-CRF is a novel data-driven deep learning model that overcomes the limitations of traditional machine learning algorithms and achieves promising results for making LSPs.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hydrogen production by electrocatalytic water splitting is currently the most attractive route, but the development of electrocatalysts with high activity, long durability and low cost is still a big ...challenge. Here, by combining algorithm screening and density functional theory (DFT) computations, we developed a method to predict two-dimensional (2D) metal-free materials with metallicity as efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). From all metal-free compounds in the Materials Project database, we obtained 18 layered materials without band gaps as candidates for the HER. After being exfoliated into monolayers, a stable metal-free material, a C
3
N monolayer, proved to be an efficient HER electrocatalyst according to computations. With this strategy, we can adjust the screening conditions with the target to find promising materials, which overcomes the obstacles of traditional trial-and-error methods and greatly saves computational resource. We hope that this work would inspire the development of a new research paradigm and promote the discovery of more functional materials.
By using algorithm screening and DFT computations, we establish a method to accelerate the search for highly efficient HER metal-free catalysts, and a novel metal-free 2D material, a C
3
N monolayer, is proposed as an efficient HER catalyst.
•The nanotube embryos were found beneath warped surface layers in HBF4 electrolyte.•As the voltage increases, it becomes easier to generate the electronic current.•Only when electronic current is ...generated, oxygen will be released to form nanotubes.•It further confirms the “bottom-to-top” growth pattern of nanotubes.•The relationship between electronic current and the growth of nanotubes is clearer.
At present, the growth mechanism of TiO2 nanotubes in different electrolytes is still controversial. Field assisted dissolution (FAD) theory believes that fluoride ion is the main factor affecting the growth of TiO2 nanotubes. In this paper, we conducted a comparative experiment in HBF4 and NH4F electrolytes which containing the same fluoride ion molarity. By comparing the growth morphology of TiO2 nanotubes in two electrolytes, orderly nanotube arrays were obtained in NH4F electrolyte. However, only dense films and nanotube embryos were formed in HBF4 electrolyte. Obviously, FAD theory cannot explain these phenomena. Ionic current and electronic current theories and oxygen bubble model are reasonable for these phenomena. In the NH4F electrolyte, there are high electronic current and intense oxygen evolution, so the nanotube embryos cannot be seen. The low electronic current in the HBF4 electrolyte and the slow evolution of oxygen gas lead to the discovery of the nanotube embryos. This phenomenon also confirms that the formation process of TiO2 nanotubes is that anodic oxides grow upward around the oxygen bubble to form the nanotube walls.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Due to the high cost and insufficient resource of lithium, sodium-ion batteries are widely investigated for large-scale applications. Typically, insertion-type materials possess better ...cyclic stability than alloy-type and conversion-type ones. Therefore, in this work, we proposed a facile and effective method to screen sodium-based layered materials based on Materials Project database as potential candidate insertion-type materials for sodium ion batteries. The obtained Na-based layered materials contains 38 kinds of space group, which reveals that the credibility of our screening approach would not be affected by the space group. Then, some important indexes of the representative materials, including the average voltage, volume change and sodium ion mobility, were further studied by means of density functional theory computations. Some materials with extremely low volume changes and Na diffusion barriers are promising candidates for sodium ion batteries. We believe that our classification algorithm could also be used to search for other alkali and multivalent ion-based layered materials, to accelerate the development of battery materials.
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•The trade-offs between the ecosystem service supplies were increasing.•The correlations between the demands for ecosystem services were generally weak.•The spatial imbalance in ...supply-demand of grass production was obvious.•Urban areas have high demand of water yield and carbon sequestration services.•The strong wind has increased the demand for windbreaks and sand fixation service.
Assessing the relationships between ecosystem services supply and demand is crucial to support sustainable planning and human well-being. In the present study, we analyzed the ecosystem services supply and demand, synergies and trade-offs among services, as well as the spatial relationships between supply and demand, for four services in a desert steppe of Inner Mongolia. In terms of the balance between supply and demand, the grass production and carbon stock supply exceeded the demand, whereas the demand of water yield and windbreak and sand fixation services surpassed the supply. The degree of demand in windbreak and sand fixation service was met increased from 14.7% in 2000 to 20.6% in 2017, versus a decrease from 18.0% to 8.2% in water yield. The spatial distributions of the water yield and carbon stock demand were similar, and there was a significant synergy between them. The grass production supply and demand were not spatially matched, with higher supply in the eastern part of the study area and higher demand in the western part. Areas with high demand for the windbreak and sand fixation service also had a high supply. The water supply and demand in the low-coverage grassland were relatively balanced, and the deficiency of carbon stock supply was mainly found in construction land. In summary, for the sustainable development of animal husbandry and to reduce wind erosion, each county should establish an appropriate livestock density standard based on local constraints. Furthermore, it is also crucial for policymakers to develop water-saving industries to improve water utilization efficiency, and to set targets for CO2 emissions to reduce the impact on climate change.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Activation of nociceptor sensory neurons by noxious stimuli both triggers pain and increases capillary permeability and blood flow to produce neurogenic inflammation
, but whether nociceptors also ...interact with the immune system remains poorly understood. Here we report a neurotechnology for selective epineural optogenetic neuromodulation of nociceptors and demonstrate that nociceptor activation drives both protective pain behavior and inflammation. The wireless optoelectronic system consists of sub-millimeter-scale light-emitting diodes embedded in a soft, circumneural sciatic nerve implant, powered and driven by a miniaturized head-mounted control unit. Photostimulation of axons in freely moving mice that express channelrhodopsin only in nociceptors resulted in behaviors characteristic of pain, reflecting orthodromic input to the spinal cord. It also led to immune reactions in the skin in the absence of inflammation and potentiation of established inflammation, a consequence of the antidromic activation of nociceptor peripheral terminals. These results reveal a link between nociceptors and immune cells, which might have implications for the treatment of inflammation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
Grazing is an important land use in northern China. In general, different grazing intensities had a different impact on the morphological and physiological traits of plants, and especially their ...photosynthetic capacity. We investigated the responses of Leymus chinensis to light, medium, and heavy grazing intensities in comparison with a grazing exclusion control.
With light grazing, L. chinensis showed decreased photosynthetic capacity. The low chlorophyll and carotenoid contents constrained light energy transformation and dissipation, and Rubisco activity was also low, restricting the carboxylation efficiency. In addition, the damaged photosynthetic apparatus accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS). With medium grazing, more energy was used for thermal dissipation, with high carotene content and high non-photochemical quenching, whereas photosynthetic electron transport was lowest. Significantly decreased photosynthesis decreased leaf C contents. Plants decreased the risk caused by ROS through increased energy dissipation. With high grazing intensity, plants changed their strategy to improve survival through photosynthetic compensation. More energy was allocated to photosynthetic electron transport. Though heavy grazing damaged the chloroplast ultrastructure, adjustment of internal mechanisms increased compensatory photosynthesis, and an increased tiller number facilitated regrowth after grazing.
Overall, the plants adopted different strategies by adjusting their metabolism and growth in response to their changing environment.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Worldwide, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has the highest morbidity and mortality of all malignancies. The lack of responsiveness to checkpoint inhibitors is a central problem in the modern era ...of cancer immunotherapy, with the rapid development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in recent years. The human switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complex has been reported to be recurrently mutated in patients with cancer, and those with SWI/SNF mutations have been reported to be sensitive to ICIs. Six reported cohorts, a total of 3416 patients, were used to analyze the mutation status of ARID1A, ARID1B, ARID2 and SMARCA4 in patients with NSCLC and the effect of mutations on prognosis after ICIs. Finally, a nomogram was established to guide the clinical use of ICIs. The results show that patients with NSCLC who have ARID1A, ARID1B, and ARID2 mutations of the SWI/SNF complex were more likely to benefit from ICI therapy.
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