To investigate the relationship between radiotherapy (RT) and the risk of cerebrovascular mortality (CVM) in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors aged ≥ 65 years.
Patients with HNC survivors aged ≥ ...65 years diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Kaplan-Meier analysis, Log-rank tests, and Cox proportional-hazards regression models were performed for statistical analyses.
We included 16,923 patients in this study. Of these patients, 7110 (42.0%) patients received surgery alone, 5041 (29.8%) patients underwent RT alone, and 4772 (28.2%) patients were treated with surgery and RT. With a median follow-up time of 87 months, 1005 patients died with cerebrovascular disease. The 10-years CVM were 13.3%, 10.8%, and 11.2% in those treated with RT alone, surgery alone, and surgery plus RT, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean time for CVM was shorter in RT alone compared to surgery alone and surgery plus RT (52 months vs. 56-60 months). After adjusting for covariates, patients receiving RT alone had a significantly higher risk of developing CVM compared to those receiving surgery alone (hazard ratio HR 1.703, 95% confidence interval CI 1.398-2.075, P < 0.001), while a comparable risk of CVM was found between those treated with surgery alone and surgery plus RT (HR 1.106, 95% CI 0.923-1.325, P = 0.274). Similar trends were found after stratification age at diagnosis, gender, tumor location, and marital status.
Definitive RT but not postoperative RT can increase the risk of CVM among older HNC survivors. Long-term follow-up and regular screening for CVD are required for HNC patients who received definitive RT to decrease the risk of CVM.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Antimicrobial resistance has become a global problem that poses great threats to human health. Antimicrobials are widely used in broiler chicken production and consequently affect their gut ...microbiota and resistome. To better understand how continuous antimicrobial use in farm animals alters their microbial ecology, we used a metagenomic approach to investigate the effects of pulsed antimicrobial administration on the bacterial community, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and ARG bacterial hosts in the feces of broiler chickens. Chickens received three 5-day courses of individual or combined antimicrobials, including amoxicillin, chlortetracycline and florfenicol. The florfenicol administration significantly increased the abundance of mcr-1 gene accompanied by floR gene, while amoxicillin significantly increased the abundance of genes encoding the AcrAB-tolC multidrug efflux pump (marA, soxS, sdiA, rob, evgS and phoP). These three antimicrobials all led to an increase in Proteobacteria. The increase in ARG host, Escherichia, was mainly attributed to the β-lactam, chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance genes harbored by Escherichia under the pulsed antimicrobial treatments. These results indicated that pulsed antimicrobial administration with amoxicillin, chlortetracycline, florfenicol or their combinations significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and enhanced the abundance of particular ARGs. The ARG types were occupied by the multidrug resistance genes and had significant correlations with the total ARGs in the antimicrobial-treated groups. The results of this study provide comprehensive insight into pulsed antimicrobial-mediated alteration of chicken fecal microbiota and resistome.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performs well in the locoregional assessment of extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). It's important to assess the value of multi-modal MRI-based ...radiomics for estimating overall survival (OS) in patients with ENKTCL.
Patients with ENKTCL in a prospectively cohort were systemically reviewed and all the pretreatment MRI were acquisitioned. An unsupervised spectral clustering method was used to identify risk groups of patients and radiomic features. A nomogram-revised risk index (NRI) plus MRI radiomics signature (NRI-M) was developed, and compared with the NRI.
The 2 distinct type I and II groups of the MRI radiomics signatures were identified. The 5-year OS rates between the type I and type II groups were 87.2% versus 67.3% (P = 0.002) in all patients, and 88.8% versus 69.2% (P = 0.003) in early-stage patients. The discrimination and calibration of the NRI-M for OS prediction demonstrated a better performance than that of either MRI radiomics or NRI, with a mean area under curve (AUC) of 0.748 and 0.717 for predicting the 5-year OS in all-stages and early-stage patients.
The NRI-M model has good performance for predicting the prognosis of ENKTCL and may help design clinical trials and improve clinical decision making.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the absence of metal catalysis and an additive, with ethyl acetate as a solvent at 95 °C under air atmosphere for 2 h, an eco-friendly and practical protocol for the synthesis of 4-ethylpiperazine ...derivatives through a 3,4-dihalo-2(5
H
)-furanone initiated ring-opening reaction of DABCO is developed. Satisfactory reactivity with moderate to excellent yields and 100% atom economy are observed. This potential bioactive synthon promoted ring-opening reaction is not only important for the development of new drugs, but also suitable for other cyclic tertiary amines (
e.g.
1-methylpyrrolidine) with good yields. In addition, due to the newly generated alkyl halide structural unit in the product, its application in one-pot two-step reactions with different kinds of nucleophilic reagents can be achieved as designed.
An environmental friendly protocol for metal/additive-free synthesis of potential bioactive compounds from 3,4-dihalo-2(5
H
)-furanone and DABCO is described.
Under microwave assistance, 2,6-bis(benzimidazolyl)-pyridine has been concisely synthesized and further productively converted to the functional molecule BMBPvia accessible N-alkylation reaction. For ...the introduction of alkoxyalkyl chain, this original substance BMBP with better solubility in water exhibits specific fluorescence response toward Zn2+ from colourless to blue in aqueous solution. A sequential detection for picric acid (PA) can be conducted in this following system, showing the high selectivity and sensitivity of quenching over other analogues. On the basis of the comparison with the control BMBB, a cascade sensing mechanism has been disclosed to accelerate the recognition of structure-property relationship, which is fully supported by LC-MS, 1H NMR, lifetime measurement and theoretical calculation. Noteworthily, BMBP is also readily available for practical application not only in quantitative determination of Zn2+ and PA in real water samples, but also in visible detection of two analytes in multiple forms on paper test strips, offering convenient process for low-cost, portable and versatile sensing device.
Display omitted
•Concise design and synthesis of new fluorescence sensor with good water solubility.•Sequential sensing from Zn2+ to PA with “off-on-off” response in water.•Selective, sensitive and pH-tolerable sensing performance towards two analytes.•Cascade mechanism revealed by MS, 1H NMR, lifetime test and DFT calculation.•Applicable in real water samples and paper strip for sequential detection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A wideband slot antenna with harmonic suppression is proposed to utilize the environment microwave energy. The antenna element is a printed narrow slot with an offset microstrip‐feed line to widen ...the operating band by generating the double resonance of similar frequencies. By adding a rectangular notch in the middle of slot element and grounding the microstrip terminal, its second‐order and third‐order harmonics are effectively suppressed. The experimental results of the prototype antenna show that the fractional bandwidth of its fundamental mode can reach 37.4%, while the antenna efficiencies of the second and third harmonics both are less than 23%. In the operating band the prototype antenna has the approximately omnidirectional radiation characteristic. This antenna structure also provides relaxed fabrication tolerances.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We demonstrate that a tripodal hexaurea receptor can selectively bind PO
4
3−
anions
via
12 hydrogen bonds with up to 3.8 × 10
6
M
−1
binding affinity in DMSO, which is 38-fold stronger than SO
4
2−
.... This receptor facilitates the extraction of PO
4
3−
from strongly basic aqueous solutions into chloroform using liquid-liquid extraction, followed by its release as the H
2
PO
4
−
anion into an acidic solution. This pH-dependent phosphate extraction successfully enables selective separation of phosphate and sulfate anions.
A tripodal hexaurea receptor enables reversible uptake and release of phosphate anions from water under the control of pH.
Purpose
Colchicine, a multipotent anti-inflammatory drug, has been reported to alleviate cardiac remodeling and improve cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the ...underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Because neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) enhance inflammation and participate in myocardial ischemia injury, and colchicine can inhibit NETosis, we thus aimed to determine whether colchicine exerts cardioprotective effects on AMI via suppressing NETs.
Methods
Adult C57BL/6 mice were subjected to permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and treated with colchicine (0.1 mg/kg/day) or Cl-amidine (10 mg/kg/day) for 7 or 28 days after AMI. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography, and NETs detected by immunofluorescence. ROS production was detected using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetates (DCFH-DA) fluorometry. Intracellular Ca
2+
concentration was assessed by a fluorometric ratio technique.
Results
We found that colchicine treatment significantly increased mice survival (89.8% in the colchicine group versus 67.9% in control,
n
= 32 per group; log-rank test,
p
< 0.05) and improved cardiac function at day 7 (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 28.0 ± 9.2% versus 12.6 ± 3.9%,
n
= 8 per group;
p
< 0.001) and at day 28 (LVEF: 26.2 ± 7.2% versus 14.8 ± 6.7%, n = 8 per group;
p
< 0.001) post-AMI. In addition, the administration of colchicine inhibited NETs formation and inflammation. Furthermore, colchicine inhibited NETs formation by reducing NOX2/ROS production and Ca
2+
influx. Moreover, prevention of NETs formation with Cl-amidine significantly alleviated AMI-induced cardiac remodeling.
Conclusions
Colchicine inhibited NETs and cardiac inflammation, and alleviated cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Under optimized reaction conditions, by directly using the hemostatic drugs 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid (ABA) and tranexamic acid (TA) as separate comonomers of lactic acid (LA), a series of ...copolymers, P(LA-co-ABA) and P(LA-co-TA), respectively, with different molar feed ratios were designed and synthesized via melt polycondensation and used as biobased polymeric sustained-release hemostatic materials. Their structure, properties and morphology were systematically investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetery (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle and degradation tests. The degradation rate within 7 weeks can reach 77%. When the molar feed ratios of ABA and TA are 20% and 10%, respectively, the corresponding copolymers have relatively lower crystallinity and smaller water contact angle and exhibit the best coagulation performance. In addition, these powdery copolymers have good application convenience, can form a degradable protective membrane similar to a blood scab on the wound surface and continuously exert hemostatic effects to promote wound healing, as anticipated.A series of polymeric hemostatic materials are prepared in one-step, by using biobased lactic acid monomers and mature hemostatic drugs (4-aminomethylbenzoic acid or tranexamic acid) through direct melt polycondensation. These materials are powdery with rough and irregular surfaces, and the powder particle size is ~8–30 μm, which is beneficial to the application, immediate hemostasis and scab-bionic membrane forming. Moreover, after the degradation of these materials at 37 °C, more monomers will be released, resulting in a higher efficiency and long-term hemostatic function.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Itch is an annoying sensation consisting of both sensory and emotional components. It is known to involve the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), but the following transmission nodes remain elusive. The ...present study identified that the PBN-central medial thalamic nucleus (CM)-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pathway is essential for itch signal transmission at the supraspinal level in male mice. Chemogenetic inhibition of the CM-mPFC pathway attenuates scratching behavior or chronic itch-related affective responses. CM input to mPFC pyramidal neurons is enhanced in acute and chronic itch models. Specifically chronic itch stimuli also alter mPFC interneuron involvement, resulting in enhanced feedforward inhibition and a distorted excitatory/inhibitory balance in mPFC pyramidal neurons. The present work underscores CM as a transmit node of the itch signal in the thalamus, which is dynamically engaged in both the sensory and affective dimensions of itch with different stimulus salience.
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