Structural and functional damages to mitochondria of frozen-thawed sperm are a typical cryoinjury, with mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) formation being the hallmark change. ...Mitochondria are both a primary synthesis site and principle target for melatonin; this compound can directly inhibit MPTP formation and therefore confer protection at a mitochondrial level. The objective was to determine effects of melatonin on MPTP opening, viability, motility, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of frozen-thawed ram sperm. Ram semen was diluted in glucose-egg yolk buffer with 0 or 10
M melatonin (frozen and frozen + melatonin groups, respectively) and slow frozen, with fresh semen as Control. In frozen-thawed sperm, melatonin inhibited MPTP opening and lactate concentrations and improved sperm viability, motility, acetyl-CoA concentration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. With regard to the underlying physiological mechanism, melatonin suppressed movement of citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, and F0F1-ATP synthase permeability from mitochondrial to cytosolic fractions induced by MPTP opening; furthermore, it increased mRNA expressions of respiratory chain complex components and activities of complexes I, II, III, and IV and thereby improved oxygen consumption capacity in frozen-thawed sperm. In conclusion, melatonin improved OXPHOS of frozen-thawed ram sperm, attributed to inhibition of cryopreservation-induced MPTP opening.
The preservation or removal of apical meristem in Leymus chinensis is contingent upon grazing intensity and has a significant impact on above‐ and belowground biomass, nutritive value, and ...sustainability of L. chinensis grassland. However, this topic remains understudied. Therefore, a manipulative trial was conducted to induce grazing defoliation through mowing, where two post‐grazing heights (preservation or removal of the apical meristem) and four pre‐grazing plant heights (i.e., 18, 24, 31, and 35 cm) are combined factorially to create gradients of grazing intensities, resulting in a total of eight treatments. Additionally, two identical control treatments are also incorporated. Our results showed that apical meristem removal at various pre‐grazing heights resulted in varying degrees of increased grazing intensities, thereby enhancing the nutritive value of L. chinensis. However, this practice also led to detrimental effects on the plant's carbohydrates reserve as well as herbage mass. The results indicated that although defoliation in treatments involving apical meristem removal resulted in the highest number of frequent cuttings, it did not confer any advantages in terms of herbage mass and nutrient preserves, except for herbage nutritive values when compared to treatments involving apical meristem preservation. The apical meristem preservation treatments demonstrated the highest CP yield over a 2‐year period compared to the apical meristem removal treatments. Furthermore, within these apical meristem preservation treatments, only when the pre‐grazing height is 35 cm and post‐grazing height is 17 cm, there is no significant decrease in above‐ and belowground biomass. This establishes this specific defoliation regime as an optimal and effective management strategy for L. chinensis grassland.
The apical meristem plays a crucial role in the growth of L. chinensis, as its removal leads to death and reproduction through tillers, while its preservation ensures survival and continued growth via regenerative properties. Our findings suggest that preserving the apical meristem of L. chinensis leads to increased herbage mass and greater persistence of L. chinensis grassland, in contrast to removing it.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Simulated cattle manure deposition was used to estimate nutrient transfer to soil and oats and to investigate changes in microbial community composition and functional groups in oat rhizospheres. ...Nutrient absorption and return efficiency were calculated as a series of standard calculation formulas, and total nutrient transfer efficiency was nutrient absorption efficiency plus nutrient return efficiency. In total, 74.83% of nitrogen (N) and 59.30% of phosphorus (P) in cattle manure were transferred to soil and oats, with 11.79% of N and 7.89% of P in cattle manure absorbed by oats, and the remainder sequestered in the soil for 80 days after sowing. Cattle manure increased oat root length, surface, and volume under 0.2 mm diameter, and improved relative abundance of the microbiome known to be beneficial. In response to cattle manure, several bacteria known to be beneficial, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes at phyla the level and
Pseudoxanthomonas
,
Pseudomonas
, and
Sphingomonas
at the genus level, were positively related to oat biomass and nutrient accumulation. For fungal communities, the relative abundance of Ascomycota is the predominant phylum, which varied in a larger range in the control treatment (81.0–63.3%) than the cattle manure deposition treatment (37.0–42.9%) as plant growing days extend. The relevant abundance of Basidiomycota known as decomposer was higher in cattle manure deposition treatment compared to that in control treatment at 15 days after sowing. More importantly, cattle manure deposition inhibited trophic mode within pathotroph like
Alternaria
and
Fusarium
fungal genus and promoted saprotroph and symbiotroph.
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, all countries have taken certain measures to restrain the spread of COVID-19. It is a complex and practical issue to study the measures and effects of the epidemic ...prevention and control. The spread of the epidemic in different countries has certain characteristics, and the prevention and control models and effects in different countries are also different. In this paper, the key factors affecting the prevention effect of COVID-19 were analyzed by integrating multiple data and using interdisciplinary methods of mathematics, statistics and information management science on the basis of public management, and the system model of influencing factors of COVID-19 was constructed.
Major infectious diseases have exerted a serious influence on people's lives. Through quantifying the effect of prevention and control, we can deeply understand the transmission mechanism of ...infectious diseases. This paper estimates the intensity of detection, the degree of isolation and other indicators, and analyzes the influence mechanism of these indicators on the scale of the epidemic, using computer programming to simulate the extended dynamics model of infectious diseases, based on the infectious disease in Hubei. The mortality rate and recovery rate, according to the data of Hubei, in the model are set as time variables, and the threshold is set at the same time. As a result, the improved analysis mechanism of the model will get more realistic simulation prediction results. It is concluded that isolation measures can effectively control the scale of the epidemic, but there is a phenomenon of marginal utility degression with excessively strict isolation measures by analysing and comparing. The increasing detection efforts will reduce the epidemic duration of the later stage, accelerating the arrival of the epidemic peak, although the peak will be slightly larger. All in all, we can comprehensively consider the testing cost and maintain a moderate detection intensity.
For the study, forty lambs were weighed and assigned into two treatments to determine the effects of feeding garlic powder on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and the health status of lambs ...infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). The lambs were fed with a basal diet without or with 50 g/kg garlic powder for 84 d. Data were analyzed by a general linear or mixed model of SAS software and differences were considered statistically significant if
≤ 0.05. Results showed that garlic powder supplementation increased the lambs' average daily gain (
= 0.025), digestibility of dry matter (
= 0.019), and crude protein (
= 0.007). No significant changes were observed on the dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, as well as the apparent digestibility of lipid and fiber. An interactive effect between treatment and feeding day was observed on ruminal pH (
< 0.001) and ammonia nitrogen concentration (
< 0.001). Ruminal pH (
< 0.001) and ammonia nitrogen concentration (
< 0.001) decreased with garlic powder supplementation, while ammonia nitrogen concentration increased (
= 0.001) with the extension of the feeding period. Garlic powder supplementation increased the total volatile fatty acid concentration (
< 0.001) in the rumen fluid, the molar proportion of acetic acid (
= 0.002), propionic acid (
< 0.001), and isovaleric acid (
= 0.049), but it decreased the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (
= 0.015). The lambs' fecal egg count decreased (
< 0.001), but the packed cell volume and body condition scores of lambs increased (
< 0.001) with garlic powder supplementation. In conclusion, feeding garlic powder increased growth performance, feed digestion, rumen fermentation, and the health status of lambs infected with GINs.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Grazing Swan geese (
) have good meat quality but grow slowly. This study aimed to study whether supplemental feeding could improve growth performance of grazing Swan geese and investigate a suitable ...dietary metabolizable energy (ME) level of supplemental diet for grazing Swan geese. Naturalized healthy male Swan geese (
= 144; 42 ± 2.0 days and 1.21 ± 0.17 kg) were randomly allocated into 4 groups and grazed on pasture alone (control, CON) or offered supplemental diets with ME of 9.5, 11.5, or 13.5 MJ/kg of DM after grazing. Growth performance and body-size measurements (including bone development) were lower (
< 0.05) in CON versus supplemented geese, as well as slaughter measurements on days 28 and 56. The DM intake linearly decreased (
< 0.01) with increasing dietary ME from day 29 to 56. Slaughter, semi-eviscerated, eviscerated, and thigh muscle yield linearly (
< 0.01) decreased with increasing dietary ME on day 56. Lightness (
) and yellowness (
) for breast and thigh muscle on days 28 and 56, and breast muscle shear force on day 56, were lower (
< 0.01) in supplemented versus CON geese. In conclusion, supplemental feeding improved growth performance and carcass characteristics of grazing Swan geese, and supplemental feed with ME of 9.5 MJ/kg of DM could be offered to improve growth and meat quality of grazing Swan geese.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To explore the differences in the clinical therapeutic effects on xerophthalmia of
and
deficiency between the
needling technique (the combined reinforcing technique to induce warm sensation) and the ...reinforcing needing technique achieved by rotating needle.
A total of 54 patients of xerophthalmia were randomized into an observation group (28 cases) and a control group (26 cases). In both of the groups, the main acupoints included Cuanzu (BL 2), Sizhukong (TE 23), Taiyang (EX-HN 5) and Fengchi (GB 20); the combined acupoints were Danzhong (CV 17), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taixi (KI 3) and Taichong (LR 3). In the observation group, the
needling technique was used and in the control group, the reinforcing needing technique achieved by rotating needle was adopted. The treatment was given once every day. 10 treatments made one course and 2 courses were required. Before and after treatment, the score of eye symptoms, tear secretion and the breakup time of tear film were observed in the two groups. The clinical therapeuti
Abstract The conservation and elimination of the growing point of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. are two common contrasted scenarios during grazing. However, the biomass and nutrient allocation in ...L. chinensis , as well as their contribution to yield under these conditions are unclear. Therefore, a simulated grazing experiment was conducted using a factorial design that combined two defoliation heights (conservation versus elimination of growing points) and four plant heights (18, 24, 31, and 35 cm) during two growing seasons (2020 and 2021), resulting in eight treatments. Additionally, the experiment also included two identical control treatments with a single mowing in mid‐August. The results demonstrated that conservation treatments for the growing point increased the regeneration time of L. chinensis during the entire growing season in both years compared to elimination treatments for the growing point, due to the alteration in biomass allocation priority and C: N: P stoichiometric ratio between stems and leaves of L. chinensis , as well as root morphological traits. The growth strategy in the treatment with 17 cm defoliation height at 35 cm plant height demonstrated the optimal combination, resulting in stabling the accumulated DM yield of L. chinensis in both years. The findings emphasize the significance of comprehending the correlation between the growing point of L. chinensis and its yield, providing a pioneering approach to guide sustainable grazing practices for L. chinensis grassland.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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