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Electronic toll collection (ETC) has been designed and implemented to improve traffic efficiency and reduce traffic-related air pollution. However, the real-world impact of ETC on ...these factors is currently under-qualified. With this consideration, we attempted to reveal the effect of ETC on traffic efficiency and traffic pollution using portable emission measurement systems. Firstly, in contrast to the manual toll collection (MTC), ETC offer lower emissions and time savings, and there exist a quadratic relationship between emission rates and vehicle specific power. Secondly, vehicles in acceleration state emit more pollutants than other situations such as deceleration, steady cruising and idling in both ETC and MTC lanes. Thirdly, ETC lanes show 34.25% and 13.63% lower CO2 and NOx emissions, respectively, along with a 46.55% timesaving compared to MTC lanes. Finally, the study identifies engine load percent as the primary factor impacting emissions, accounting for 60–88% of the variance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The binding characteristics of indigotin with human serum albumin （HSA） and bovine serum albumin （BSA） have been investigated by various spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that ...the quenching mechanism between indigotin and HSA/BSA belonged to the static quenching. The displacement experiments suggested that indigotin primarily bound to tryptophan residues on proteins within site I. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the binding of indigoti~HSA/BSA mainly depended on the hydrophobic interaction. The binding distance of indigotin to HSA/BSA was evaluated. The results by synchronous fluorescence, three- dimensional fluorescence, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） and circular dichroism （CD） spectra showed that the conformation of proteins altered in the presence of indigotin.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Selective and sensitive analysis of mercury (II) ions is a challenging topic in fluorescent sensors. Herein, we obtained a new selective mercury (II) ion fluorescence sensor by converting microscale ...hollow-tube-structured phosphorus-doped polymeric carbon nitride into phosphorus-doped carbon nitride oligomers with needle-like nanostructures by a hydrothermal reaction. The unique oligomeric microstructure and surface-rich terminal amino and hydroxyl functional groups of the fluorescence sensor synergistically endow it with selective quenching of mercury (II) ions. This phosphor-doped carbon nitride oligomer-based mercury (II) ion-selective fluorescence sensor achieves a minimum detection limit of 0.35 nmol L−1 in the range from 1–100 nmol L−1 (correlation coefficient of 0.9976) and a quantum yield of 16.6%. The detection of mercury (II) ions in actual shrimp samples demonstrated the sensitivity and accuracy of this fluorescence sensor. This work provides a new possibility for developing green and inexpensive mercury (II) ion-selective fluorescent sensors.
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•Facile synthesis of nanoneedle-like phosphorus-doped carbon nitride oligomers.•A P–OCN fluorescence sensor based on selective quenching towards Hg2+.•The lowest detection limit of Hg2+ can reach 0.35 nmol L−1.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To evaluate the clinical effect of proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection among children in terms of ...Hp eradication rate and incidence of adverse events.
A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted on 240 children with a confirmed diagnosis of Hp infection. These patients were randomized into triple therapy (n=120) and probiotics groups (n=120). The triple therapy group received amoxicillin 40 mg/(kg·d), Tid, clarithromycin 15 mg/(kg·d), Bid and omeprazole 0.7-0.8 mg/(kg·d), Qd, while the probiotics group received Saccharomyces boulardii (250 mg, Bid) in addition to triple therapy. The course of treatment was 14 days in both groups. The adverse events in subjects were recorded by their parents during treatment. Hp eradiation was evaluated by (13)C breath test at 4 weeks after treatment, and the eradication rate and incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.
The Hp eradicati
Access to excited-state structures and dynamics of π-chromophor aggregates is needed to understand their fluorescence behavior and the properties of related materials. A quantum-chemistry-based ...protocol that provides quantitative and qualitative insight into fluorescence spectra has been applied to perylene bisimide dimers and provides excellent agreement with measured fluorescence spectra. Both dispersion and dipol−dipole interactions determine the preferred relative arrangements of the chromophores in ground and excited states of the dimer. An exciton trappping mechanism is identified, which may limit the energy transfer properties of perylene bisimide and other dye materials.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, various lockdown strategies restrained global economic growth bringing a significant decline in maritime transportation. However, the previous studies ...have not adequately recognized the specific impacts of COVID-19 on maritime transportation. In this study, a series of analyses of the Baltic Dry Index (BDI), the China Coastal Bulk Freight Index (CCBFI) and of container throughputs with and without the impact of COVID-19 were carried out to assess changing trends in dry bulk and container transportation. The results show that global dry bulk transportation was largely affected by lockdown policies in the second month during COVID-19, and BDI presented a year-on-year decrease of approximately 35.5% from 2019 to 2020. The CCBFI showed an upward trend in the second month during COVID-19, one month ahead of the BDI. The container throughputs at Shanghai Port, the Ports of Hong Kong, the Ports of Singapore and the Ports of Los Angeles from 2019 to 2020 presented the largest year-on-year drops of approximately 19.6%, 7.1%, 10.6% and 30.9%, respectively. In addition, the authors developed exponential smoothing models of BDI, CCBFI, and container transportation, and calculated the percentage prediction error between the observed and predicted values to examine the impact of exogenous effects on the shipping industry due to the outbreak of COVID-19. The results are consistent with the conclusions obtained from the comparison of BDI, CCBFI, and container transportation during the same period in 2020 and 2019. Finally, on the basis of the findings, smart shipping and special support policies are proposed to reduce the negative impacts of COVID-19.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Vehicles tend to produce more pollutants especially particles at an urban intersection than other segments. Meanwhile, pedestrians at an intersection are inevitably exposed to high particle level and ...suffered from the health problem. Especially, some particles can deposit in different thoracic areas of the respiratory system and cause serious health problems. Hence, in this paper, the particles from 0.3 to 10 μm in 16 channels were measured to compare the spatio-temporal characteristics of them on the crosswalk and the roadside. Based on the roadside of fixed measurements, submicron particles (< 1 μm) are discovered to have a high relation with traffic signal and exhibit a bimodal distribution pattern in the green phase. On the crosswalk of mobile measurements, submicron particles present decreasing trend along the crosswalk while crossing. Additionally, mobile measurements were conducted across six time intervals that correspond to different pedestrian’s journey when passing the crosswalk. The results showed that all size particles in the first three journeys present high concentrations than that in other journeys. Furthermore, pedestrian exposure to all 16 channel particles was assessed. The total and regional deposition fractions of these particles in different sizes and age groups are determined. What ought to be paid attention to is that these real-world measurement results contribute to advancing the understanding of pedestrian exposure to size-fractionated particles on crosswalk and assisting the pedestrian to make better informed choice so as to limit particle exposure in these pollution hotspots.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Vehicle emission has been regarded to the major source of air pollution in urban area. Especially, the emissions originating from container diesel trucks (CDTs) constitute a significant portion of ...road transportation emissions in port city. However, the instantaneous measurement of CDTs emission in real road situation remains limited. In this study, we employed a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) to measure the real-world emissions of CDTs that meet the China IV and China V standards on highway and port roads. Based on the data, the impacts of vehicle speed, acceleration, and vehicle specific power (VSP) on CO2 and NOx emission rates are investigated. Additionally, random forests is employed to explore the interplay of driving, engine, and external factors on vehicle emission rates, as well as to predict these rates. Finally, the emission factors under diverse driving conditions are examined. The results indicate that elevated CO2 and NOx emission rates are primarily observed during instances of low and medium-speed acceleration on highway. On port road, the distribution of high CO2 and NOx emission rates are relatively scattered. The relationship between the emission rates of CO2 and NOx and VSP follows a third-order polynomial function. Engine power, engine speed, and VSP exhibit a strong correlation with CO2 and NOx emission rates. Remarkably, the CO2 and NOx emission factors on highway for China V CDT have decreased by 58.04% and 55.13%, respectively, compared to China IV CDT.
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•High emission of CO2 and NOx appeared during acceleration at low and medium speeds.•CO2 and NOx emissions strongly link to VSP in a third-degree polynomial.•Driving factors explain 63% of CO2 emissions in China V container diesel trucks.•The China V container diesel truck emits 46.6% less CO2 than the China IV truck.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Vehicles generally move smoothly and with high speeds on elevated roads, thereby producing specific traffic-related carbon emissions in contrast to ground roads. Hence, a portable emission ...measurement system was adopted to determine traffic-related carbon emissions. The on-road measurement results revealed that the instantaneous emissions of CO2 and CO from elevated vehicles were 17.8% and 21.9% higher than those from ground vehicles, respectively. Based on it, the vehicle specific power was confirmed to exhibit a positive exponential relationship with instantaneous CO2 and CO emissions. In addition to carbon emissions, carbon concentrations on roads were simultaneously measured. The average CO2 and CO emissions on elevated roads in urban areas were 1.2% and 6.9% higher than those on ground roads, individually. Finally, a numerical simulation was performed, and the results verified that elevated roads could deteriorate the air quality on ground roads but improve the air quality above them. What ought to be paid attention to is that the elevated roads present varied traffic behaviour and cause particular carbon emissions, indicating that comprehensive consideration and further balance among the traffic-related carbon emissions are necessary when building elevated roads to alleviate the traffic congestion in urban areas.
•Vehicles exhaust CO2 and CO on elevated roads were 17.8% and 21.9% higher than those on ground roads.•The instantaneous CO2 and CO emissions increase exponentially as VSP enhance.•CO2 and CO concentrations on elevated road are 1.2% and 6.9% higher than that on ground road.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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