Impaired synaptic plasticity and neuron loss are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Here, we found that chronic brain hypoperfusion (CBH) by bilateral common carotid artery ...occlusion (2VO) decreased the total length, numbers and crossings of dendrites and caused neuron death in rat hippocampi and cortices. It also led to increase in N-terminal β-amyloid precursor protein (N-APP) and death receptor-6 (DR6) protein levels and in the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-6. Further study showed that DR6 protein was downregulated by miR-195 overexpression, upregulated by miR-195 inhibition, and unchanged by binding-site mutation and miR-masks. Knockdown of endogenous miR-195 by lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of its antisense molecule (lenti-pre-AMO-miR-195) decreased the total length, numbers and crossings of dendrites and neuron death, upregulated N-APP and DR6 levels, and elevated cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-6 levels. Overexpression of miR-195 using lenti-pre-miR-195 prevented these changes triggered by 2VO. We conclude that miR-195 is involved in CBH-induced dendritic degeneration and neuron death through activation of the N-APP/DR6/caspase pathway.
Phytoremediation, use of plants for remediation, is an emerging technology for treating heavy metals or a final polishing step for the high-level organic contamination, and may be suitable for ...remediation of heavy metal and organic co-contaminated soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of co-contamination on the growth of
Zea mays L. and the fate of both heavy metal and organic pollutants, using Cu and pyrene as the model pollutants. Results showed that shoot and root biomass were affected by the copper–pyrene co-contamination, although maize grown in spiked soils showed no outward signs of phytotoxicity. With the initial concentration of 50,100 and 500
mg/kg, pyrene tended to alleviate the inhibition of Cu to
Z. mays L. Pyrene in both planted and non-planted soil was greatly decreased at the end of the 4-week culture, accounting for 16–18% of initial extractable concentrations in non-planted soil and 9–14% in planted soil, which indicated that the dissipation of soil pyrene was enhanced in the presence of vegetation probably due to the biodegradation and association with the soil matrix. With the increment of Cu level, residual pyrene in the planted soil tended to increase. The pyrene residual in the presence of high concentration of Cu was even higher in the planted soil than that in the non-planted soil, which suggested that the change of the microbial composition and microbial activity or the modified root physiology under Cu stress was probably unbeneficial to the dissipation of pyrene. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which metals affect the dissipation of organic pollutants in the rhizosphere could provide a much better framework on which to base manipulation. Unlike pyrene, heavy metal copper cannot be degraded. Decontamination of Cu from contaminated soils in this system required the removal of Cu by plants. It was observed that the ability of Cu phytoextraction would be inhibited under co-contamination of high level of pyrene in highly Cu-polluted soil. In the treatment of 400
mg
Cu/kg and 500
mg
pyrene/kg, the accumulation of Cu was less than half of that in 400
mg
Cu/kg treatment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Nitrogen (N) cycling in boreal peatland ecosystems may be influenced in important ways by freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs). Adsorption and desorption of ammonium ions (NH
+
4) were examined in a controlled ...laboratory experiment for soils sampled from palustrine wetland, riverine wetland, and farmland reclaimed from natural wetland in response to the number of FTCs. The results indicate that freeze-thaw significantly increased the adsorption capacity of NH
+
4 and reduced the desorption potential of NH
+
4 in the wetland soils. There were significant differences in the NH
+
4 adsorption amount between the soils with and without freeze-thaw treatment. The adsorption amount of NH
+
4 increased with increasing FTCs. The palustrine wetland soil had a greater adsorption capacity and a weaker desorption potential of NH
+
4 than the riverine wetland soil because of the significantly higher clay content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the riverine wetland soil. Because of the altered soil physical and chemical properties and hydroperiods, the adsorption capacity of NH
+
4 was smaller in the farmland soil than in the wetland soils, while the desorption potential of the farmland soil was higher than that of the wetland soils. Thus, wetland reclamation would decrease adsorption capacity and increase desorption potential of NH
+
4, which could result in N loss from the farmland soil. FTCs might mitigate N loss from soils and reduce the risk of water pollution in downstream ecosystems.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Enantiomers of chiral ester derivatives containing an amide group, and possessing one or two stereogenic centers were prepared from L‐ and D‐α‐amino acids, and glycine with (S)‐ and (R)‐mandelic acid ...for probing their chiral recognition as a new class of chiral guests by 1H NMR spectroscopy, since chiral ester derivatives have been rarely used as chiral substrates for chiral recognition by 1H NMR technology. The results indicated that these chiral ester derivatives have been successfully differentiated in the presence of tetraaza macrocyclic chiral solvating agents (TAMCSAs) 1 a–1 c. In order to better understand their chiral discriminating behavior, Job plots, association constants (Ka), and theoretical calculations of (S,S)‐G1 and (R,R)‐G1, as a representative example, were performed, respectively. In order to evaluate their practical application, the 1H NMR spectra of G1 and G9 with various optical purities were measured (up to 98 % ee). In this work, a practical strategy has been effectively established for chiral recognition of chiral ester derivatives containing an amide group and possessing one or two chiral centers in the presence of tetraaza macrocyclic chiral solvating agents 1 a–1 c by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy.
As a new class of chiral substrates, enantiomers of chiral ester derivatives (±)‐G1‐12, containing an amide group and possessing one or two stereogenic centers, have been successfully discriminated in the presence of tetraaza macrocyclic chiral solvating agents (TAMCSAs) 1 a–1 c by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Lung invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (LIMA), formerly referred to as mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, is a rare disease that usually presents as bilateral lung infiltration, is unsuitable for ...surgery and radiotherapy, and shows poor response to conventional chemotherapy.
We report a 56-year-old Chinese man with a history of smoking and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positivity who was initially misdiagnosed as severe pneumonia, but was ultimately diagnosed as a case of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung by computed tomography -guided percutaneous lung biopsy. Bronchorrhea and dyspnea were improved within 24 h after initiation of gefitinib therapy and the radiographic signs of bilateral lung consolidation showed visible improvement within 30 d. After more than 11 months of treatment, there is no evidence of recurrence or severe adverse events.
Although the precise mechanism of the antitumor effects of gefitinib are not clear, our experience indicates an important role of the drug in LIMA and provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Since the first publication of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology on October 1st, 1950, following the establishment of the People's Republic of China, more than fifty years have already elapsed. ...The editors and publishers of the elder generation of this magazine have witnessed the hardships in starting publication, the disappointments of the discontinuation of publication during certain periods, as well as the great delight of restarting publication. Having entered the 21st century, editors and publishers of the new generation have made dramatic achievements by keeping up with the times and continuously seeking innovations. However all of these achievements have only turned out to be the past. There are even more challenges for moving ahead in the future. The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology has noted its achievements on the one hand; while on the other hand, has analyzed the main existing problems of this magazine. Some feasible approaches to improve the magazine have been proposed and the direction in the
The denitrification and excessive P removal can be realized by denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs) under low carbon condition. DNPAOs use poly-3-hydroxy- butyrate (PHB) as electron ...donor, and use nitrate and nitrite as electron acceptor during the denitrifying phosphate uptake. In this study the biological phosphorus removal granular sludge was induced into the denitrifying and phosphate uptake granular sludge under an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic alternating operation (referred to as an A/A/O) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). When the system is stable, the P and N removal ratio is over 90% and 93% respectively; the release phosphorus is 25-33 mg/L at anaerobic stage; 1g NOx-N approximately takes up P 1.3 g at anoxic stage. In the typical cycle the anaerobic maximum specific release phosphorus rate (max. SRPR) is 18.39 mg/(g x h); the anoxic max. specific uptake phosphorus rate (SUPR) and the max. specific denitrification rate (SDNR) is 23.72 mg/(g x h) and 18.19 mg/(g x h) respectively; th
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