To discover the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) on the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) via affecting FoxP3
+
regulatory T (Treg) cells. ...Immunohistochemistry was conducted to examine TIPE2 and FoxP3 expressions in OTSCC tumor tissues and corresponding oral mucosa. Tca8113 cells were transfected with TIPE2/control lentiviral activation particles followed by the detection with qRT-PCR, Western blotting, MTT assay, Wound healing, Transwell assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. In vivo experiment was carried out on the nude mice xenografts of OTSCC with TIPE2 overexpression to observe the tumor volume and survival, and the CD4
+
T cell subgroups were detected by flow cytometry. TIPE2 was lower in the OTSCC tissues than the corresponding oral mucosa, which was correlated with T stage, N stage, TNM stage, and differentiation of patients. Patients with TIPE2-positive expression had worse prognosis and lower expression of FoxP3
+
Treg cells than the negative ones. Furthermore, TIPE2 overexpression curbed proliferation, invasion and migration of Tca8113 cells, while cell apoptosis was increased. Besides, TIPE2 suppressed the tumor growth and extended the survival of OTSCC mice, with the decreased proportion of FoxP3
+
Treg cells in the spleen and tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs). The clinical results showed the down-regulation of TIPE2 in OTSCC tissues. Meanwhile TIPE2 overexpression affected OTSCC cells biological behavior in vitro, as well as exhibited strong tumor-growth suppressive effects in vivo, which may be a potential therapeutic target in OTSCC via regulating FoxP3
+
Treg cells.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Inflammation is a complex physiological process that poses a serious threat to people's health. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of inflammation are still not clear. Moreover, there is ...lack of effective anti-inflammatory drugs that meet the clinical requirement. Procyanidin A1 (PCA1) is a monomer component isolated from Procyanidin and shows various pharmacological activities. This study further demonstrated the regulatory role of PCA1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory response and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. Our data showed that PCA1 dramatically attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as NO, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells administrated with LPS. PCA1 blocked IκB-α degradation, inhibited IKKα/β and IκBα phosphorylation, and suppressed nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. PCA1 also suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK1/2, p38, and ERK1/2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, PCA1 increased the expression of HO-1, reduced the expression of Keap1, and promoted Nrf2 into the nuclear in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Cellular thermal shift assay indicated that PCA1 bond to TLR4. Meanwhile, PCA1 inhibited the production of intracellular ROS and alleviated the depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential in vitro. Collectively, our data indicated that PCA1 exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory effect, suggesting that it is a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Balancing the contradictory relationship between thermoelectric parameters, such as effective mass and carrier mobility, is a challenge to optimize thermoelectric performance. Herein, the exceptional ...thermoelectric performance is realized in GeTe through collaboratively optimizing the carrier and phonon transport via stepwise alloying Pb and CuSbSe2. The formation energy of Ge vacancy is efficiently bolstered by alloying Pb, which reduces carrier density and carrier scattering to maintain superior carrier mobility in GeTe. Additionally, CuSbSe2, acting as an n‐type dopant, further modulates carrier density and validly equilibrates carrier mobility and effective mass. Accordingly, the promising power factor of 45 µW cm−1 K−2 is achieved at 723 K. Meanwhile, point defects are found to significantly suppress phonons transport to descend lattice thermal conductivity by Pb and CuSbSe2 alloying, which barely impacts the carrier mobility. A combination with superior carrier mobility and lower lattice thermal conductivity, a maximum ZT of 2.2 is attained in Ge0.925Pb0.075Cu0.005Sb0.005TeSe0.01, which corresponds to a 100% promotion compared with that of intrinsic GeTe. This study provides a new indicator for optimizing carrier and phonon transport properties by balancing interrelated thermoelectric parameters.
The thermoelectric performance of GeTe achieves a successive enhancement through equilibrating the carrier and phonon transport via stepwise alloying with Pb and CuSbSe2. A maximum ZT reaches 2.2 in Ge0.925Pb0.075Cu0.005Sb0.005TeSe0.01, doubling compared with the pristine GeTe. This study provides a new insight for optimizing thermoelectric performance by equilibrating interrelated thermoelectric parameters.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Since the supply-side reform, the credit allocation from the finance sector is more concentrated in state-owned enterprises (S.O.E.s). It results in a mismatch between the credit allocation and the ...economic contribution of private enterprises (P.E.s). In China, we find that government intervention in the finance sector to allocate credit to S.O.E.s helps to achieve sustainable growth. Because of the ownership relationship, the credit allocation to S.O.E.s will also produce social or political interests for the finance sector. Based on the stylised facts, this article builds the finance sector credit allocation dual objective mechanism in the framework of the neoclassical economic growth model. It also analyses the influence of government intervention and ownership relationship on economic growth in the mixed economy represented by the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics. The empirical analysis found that government intervention and ownership relationship were the main factors affecting the efficiency of capital allocation. Further research into whether there is an optimal parameter of government intervention and optimal mixed proportion in the stated-owned enterprise mixed-ownership reform is needed.
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CEKLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
Slowing down the heat in thermoelectrics Qin, Bingchao; Wang, Dongyang; Zhao, Li‐Dong
InfoMat,
July 2021, 2021-07-00, 20210701, 2021-07-01, Volume:
3, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Heat transport has various applications in solid materials. In particular, the thermoelectric technology provides an alternative approach to traditional methods for waste heat recovery and ...solid‐state refrigeration by enabling direct and reversible conversion between heat and electricity. For enhancing the thermoelectric performance of the materials, attempts must be made to slow down the heat transport by minimizing their thermal conductivity (κ). In this study, a continuously developing heat transport model is reviewed first. Theoretical models for predicting the lattice thermal conductivity (κlat) of materials are summarized, which are significant for the rapid screening of thermoelectric materials with low κlat. Moreover, typical strategies, including the introduction of extrinsic phonon scattering centers with multidimensions and internal physical mechanisms of materials with intrinsically low κlat, for slowing down the heat transport are outlined. Extrinsic defect centers with multidimensions substantially scatter various‐frequency phonons; the intrinsically low κlat in materials with various crystal structures can be attributed to the strong anharmonicity resulting from weak chemical bonding, resonant bonding, low‐lying optical modes, liquid‐like sublattices, off‐center atoms, and complex crystal structures. This review provides an overall understanding of heat transport in thermoelectric materials and proposes effective approaches for slowing down the heat transport to depress κlat for the enhancement of thermoelectric performance.
This review focuses on the recent progress of heat transport and thermal conductivity manipulation in thermoelectric materials. The heat transport models and strategies of both the extrinsic multidimensional defects scattering and intrinsic phonon–phonon scattering in various crystal structures, to reduce the thermal conductivity are summarized and discussed.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Backscattering suppression in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is one of the central issues to reduce energy loss and signal distortion, enabling for capability improvement of modern information processing ...systems. Valley physics provides an intriguing way for robust information transfer and unidirectional coupling in topological nanophotonics. Here we realize topological transport in a SOI valley photonic crystal slab. Localized Berry curvature near zone corners guarantees the existence of valley-dependent edge states below light cone, maintaining in-plane robustness and light confinement simultaneously. Topologically robust transport at telecommunication is observed along two sharp-bend interfaces in subwavelength scale, showing flat-top high transmission of ~10% bandwidth. Topological photonic routing is achieved in a bearded-stack interface, due to unidirectional excitation of valley-chirality-locked edge state from the phase vortex of a nanoscale microdisk. These findings show the prototype of robustly integrated devices, and open a new door towards the observation of non-trivial states even in non-Hermitian systems.
Land surface temperatures (LSTs) at high spatial resolution are crucial for hydrological, meteorological, and ecological studies. Downscaling LSTs from coarse resolution to finer resolution is an ...alternative way to obtain LSTs at high spatial resolution. In this paper, we proposed a new algorithm based on geographically weighted regression (GWR) to downscale Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer LST data from 990 to 90 m. Unlike previous LST downscaling algorithms, this algorithm built the nonstationary relationship between LST and other environmental factors (including the normalized difference vegetation index and a digital elevation model) using geographically varying regression coefficients. The uncertainty in this algorithm was evaluated with a sensitivity analysis. The results show that the total uncertainty in this algorithm is less than 2 K. The performance of the GWR-based algorithm was assessed using concurrent ASTER LST data as a reference LST data set. Moreover, this algorithm was compared against the TsHARP algorithm, which was widely used for LST downscaling. The results indicate that the GWR-based algorithm outperforms the TsHARP algorithm in terms of statistical results. The root mean square error (mean absolute error) value decreases from 3.6 K (2.7 K) for the TsHARP algorithm to 3.1 K (2.3 K) for the GWR-based algorithm.
Heterogeneous composites consisting of Bi6Cu2Se3.6Cl0.4O6 and Bi2O2Se are prepared according to the concept of modulation doping. With prominently increased carrier mobility and almost unchanged ...effective mass, the electrical transport properties are considerably optimized resulting in a peak power factor ≈1.8 µW cm−1 K−2 at 873 K, although the carrier concentration is slightly deteriorated. Meanwhile, the lattice thermal conductivity is lowered to ≈0.62 W m−1 K−1 due to the introduction of the second phase. The modified Self‐consistent Effective Medium Theory is utilized to explain the deeper mechanism of modulation doping. The enhancement of apparent carrier mobility is derived from the highly active phase interfaces as fast carrier transport channels, while the reduced apparent thermal conductivity is ascribed to the existence of thermal resistance at the phase interfaces. Ultimately, an optimized ZT ≈0.23 is obtained at 873 K in Bi6Cu2Se3.6Cl0.4O6 + 13% Bi2O2Se. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of modulation doping for optimizing thermoelectric properties once again, and provides the direct microstructure observation and consistent theoretical model calculation to emphasize the role of interface effects in modulation doping, which should be probably applicable to other thermoelectrics.
The direct microstructure observation and consistent theoretical model calculation emphasize the role of interface effects in modulation doping. Interface layers serve as carrier transport fast channels and phonon transport shields. The enhanced carrier mobility and suppressed thermal conductivity lead to ZTmax ≈0.23 at 873 K and ZTave ≈0.10 from 303 to 873 K in Bi6Cu2Se3.6Cl0.4O6 + 13% Bi2O2Se.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Calcium ion is vital for the regulation of many cellular functions and serves as a second messenger in the signal transduction pathways. Once the intracellular Ca2+ level exceeds the tolerance of ...cells (called Ca2+ overload), oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and cell/mitochondria apoptosis happen. Therefore, Ca2+ overload has started to be deeply exploited as a new strategy for cancer therapy due to its high efficiency and satisfactory safety. This review aims to highlight the recent development of Ca2+‐based nanomaterials (such as Ca3(PO4)2, CaCO3, CaO2, CaH2, CaS, and others) able to trigger intracellular Ca2+ overload and apoptosis in cancer therapy. The intracellular mechanisms of varied Ca2+‐based nanomaterials and the different types of strategies to enhance Ca2+ overload are discussed in detail. Moreover, the design of more efficient Ca2+ overload‐mediated cancer therapies is prospected mainly based on 1) the enhanced cellular uptake by surface modification and morphology optimization of nanomaterials, 2) the accelerated Ca2+ release from nanomaterials by increasing the intracellular H+ level and by photothermal effect, and 3) the overload maintenance by Ca2+ efflux inhibition, Ca2+ influx promotion, or promoting Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum.
This review aims to highlight the recent development of Ca2+‐based nanomaterials able to trigger intracellular Ca2+ overload and apoptosis in cancer therapy. The intracellular mechanisms of varied Ca2+‐based nanomaterials and the different types of strategies to enhance Ca2+ overload are discussed in detail. Moreover, the design of more efficient Ca2+ overload‐mediated cancer therapies is prospected.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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