Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, as well as targeted anticancer agents can induce clinically relevant tumor-targeting immune responses, which critically rely on the antigenicity of malignant cells ...and their capacity to generate adjuvant signals. In particular, immunogenic cell death (ICD) is accompanied by the exposure and release of numerous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which altogether confer a robust adjuvanticity to dying cancer cells, as they favor the recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells. ICD-associated DAMPs include surface-exposed calreticulin (CALR) as well as secreted ATP, annexin A1 (ANXA1), type I interferon, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Additional hallmarks of ICD encompass the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit-α (EIF2S1, better known as eIF2α), the activation of autophagy, and a global arrest in transcription and translation. Here, we outline methodological approaches for measuring ICD markers in vitro and ex vivo for the discovery of next-generation antineoplastic agents, the development of personalized anticancer regimens, and the identification of optimal therapeutic combinations for the clinical management of cancer.
The interfacial interaction between carbon fibers (CFs) and resin matrix is an important factor affecting mechanical performances of CF-based composites. In this work, a new approach combining ...electrodeposition method (EDM) and “Ag–S″ bonds was applied to fabricate functional CF-based composites while preserving the mechanical properties of CFs. Silver nanoparticles were first attached on the CF surface by EDM. Then 4-aminothiophenol or 4-mercaptobenzoic acid was linked to Ag surface by Ag–S bonds to incorporate different functional groups onto the fiber surface. The interfacial shear strength was improved pronouncedly while the tensile strength was maintained consistent. The interfacial shear strength of the CFs after functionalized was increased 21.10% and 32.04%, respectively. However, the tensile strength of them decreased no more than 3%. With improved properties, these nanocomposites have potential applications for aerospace, transportation, electronics and other fields.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
CCND1 Cyclin D1 Gene rearrangement (pericentric inversion); Gene amplification; Selective splicing Promotes cell cycle progression; Promotes chromosomal instability; Regulates transcription factors; ...Interferes with DNA damage repair Sporadic parathyroid adenomas; Sporadic parathyroid carcinomas Wnt/β-catenin pathway CDC73 Parafibromin Frameshift mutation; 5′ UTR mutation Regulation of transcript elongation and stability via interaction with the RNA polymerase II; Histone modification HPT-JT syndrome; Sporadic parathyroid carcinomas Wnt/β-catenin pathway EZH2 EZH2 Gene mutation and amplification Histone modification Sporadic parathyroid adenomas; Sporadic parathyroid carcinomas Wnt/β-catenin pathway GCM2 GCM2 Gene activating mutation (CCID) Related to parathyroid gland development; Activation of PTH transcription FIHP; Sporadic parathyroid carcinomas – CDKN1B P27 Gene mutations; Epigenetic silencing Negatively regulates cell cycle and cell growth by inhibiting cyclin E/CDK2 complex Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4; Sporadic parathyroid adenomas – CCID: In addition to stabilizing parafibromin, USP is also a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays an important role in parathyroid tumorigenesis. 6–8 PRUNE2 is a newly identified tumor suppressor gene that inhibits the activity of Ras homeolog family member A (RhoA) through its BNIP-2 and Cdc42GAP homology (BCH) structural domain, thereby suppressing the transformation of cancer cells. 14 The KMT2D gene encodes a histone methyltransferase and epigenetic regulator that plays a crucial role in regulating gene transcription.
The hard carbon C1600 was studied as an anode material for Na-ion batteries. The electrochemical performance of the C1600 electrode was investigated in four kinds of typical electrolytes: 1 mol dm−3 ...NaClO4/EC–DMC, 1 mol dm−3 NaClO4/PC, 1 mol dm−3 NaPF6/EC–DMC, and 1 mol dm−3 NaPF6/PC. The C1600 electrodes showed excellent electrochemical properties in NaClO4-containing electrolytes. An initial Na insertion/extraction capacity of 413/321 mAh g−1 was obtained in the NaClO4/EC–DMC electrolyte, followed by a good capacity retention of 90% over 50 cycles. These are the best electrochemical properties reported thus far for carbonaceous anode materials in Na-ion batteries. The safety risk of C1600 anodes for Na-ion batteries was evaluated by using a TG–DSC system. Based on the results of DSC analysis for simple electrolytes, the thermal behaviors of mixtures of the sodiated/lithiated C1600 and the associated electrolyte in a temperature range from room temperature to 400 °C were investigated and compared. The C1600 anodes showed better thermal stability in EC–DMC-based electrolytes than in PC-based ones. Moreover, although Na metal is much more unstable than Li metal, the anode and electrolyte mixture of Na-ion batteries showed similar or better thermal stability than that of Li-ion batteries.
•Hard carbon C1600 was applied as an anode active material for Na-ion batteries.•A high reversible capacity of ∼290 mAh g−1 was maintained over 50 cycles.•The dependence of the electrochemical properties of C1600 on electrolytes was studied.•Sodiated C1600 was more thermally stable than lithiated C1600 in electrolytes.•Na-ion batteries seem to be more thermally stable than Li-ion batteries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Cancer immunotherapy, alone or in combination with conventional therapies, has revolutionized the landscape of antineoplastic treatments, with dendritic cells (DC) emerging as key orchestrators of ...anti-tumor immune responses. Among the distinct DC subsets, conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) have gained prominence due to their unique ability to cross-present antigens and activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This review summarizes the distinctive characteristics of cDC1, their pivotal role in anticancer immunity, and the potential applications of cDC1-based strategies in immunotherapy.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Recently, it was revealed that the high-risk, poor-prognosis downregulation of GABA type A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) causes a defect in both autophagy and surface exposure of calreticulin ...(CALR) in multiple myeloma (MM) cells responding to bortezomib. Hence, GABARAP-defective MM cells fail to undergo immunogenic cell death.
Recently, we showed that an autologous DC-based vaccine induces an increase in immunosuppressive PD-L1
tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) both in the tumor and the tumor draining lymph nodes, thereby ...blunting the efficacy of therapeutic immunization. Only the combination of the DC vaccine with anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibition, but not the use of antibodies targeting PD-1 alone, was able to set off CD8
cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated tumor suppression in mice. In sum, we delineated a PD-L1 checkpoint blockade-based strategy to avoid TAM-induced T cell exhaustion during DC vaccine therapy.
Preclinical experimentation revealed that established cancers treated with the immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer oxaliplatin are sensitized to immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1. In ...contrast, no such sensitizing effect is observed when cisplatin, a non-immunogenic cell death inducer is used. Two randomized phase III clinical trials targeting unresectable gastric and gastro-esophageal junction carcinomas apparently validate this observation. Thus, oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (together with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin) favorably interacted with nivolumab, yielding improved outcome. In contrast, the outcome of cisplatin-based chemotherapy (together with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil) failed to be improved by concomitant treatment with pembrolizumab. These clinical findings underscore the importance of choosing appropriate ICD-inducing cytotoxicants for the development of chemoimmunotherapeutic regimens. Unfortunately, the FDA and EMA have approved PD-1 blockade in combination with "platinum-based chemotherapy" without specifying the precise nature of the platinum-containing drug. This is a non sequitur. Based on the available clinical data, such approvals should be restricted to the use of oxaliplatin.
Most traditional synthetic dyes and functional reagents used in silk fabrics are not biodegradable and lack green environmental protection. Natural dyes have attracted more and more attention because ...of their coloring, functionalization effects, and environmental benefits. In this study, natural dyes were extracted from lac and used for coloring and functionalization in silk fabrics without any other harmful dyes. The extraction conditions were studied and analyzed by the univariate method. The optimal extraction process was that the volume ratio of ethanol to water was 60:40 with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, and reacting under the neutrality condition for 1 h at 70 °C. Silk fabric can be dyed dark owing to the certain lifting property of lac. After being dyed by Al
post-medium, the levels of the washing fastness, light fastness, and friction fastness of silk fabric are all above four with excellent fastness. The results show that the dyed silk fabrics have good UV protection, antioxidation, and antibacterial properties. The UV protection coefficient UPF is 42.68, the antioxidant property is 98.57%, and the antibacterial property can reach more than 80%. Therefore, the dyeing and functionalization of silk fabrics by utilizing naturally lac dyes show broad prospects in terms of the application of green sustainable dyeing and functionalization.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Perovskite-type CsSnCl3 is an attractive candidate for use as a solid electrolyte in all-solid-state chloride-ion batteries because it exhibits high ionic conductivity. However, perovskite-type ...CsSnCl3 is metastable at room temperature and easily undergoes a phase transition to a stable phase. Here, we prepared perovskite-type CsSn0.95Mn0.05Cl3, in which the Sn2+ in CsSnCl3 is partly substituted with Mn2+, via a mechanical milling method. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the perovskite-type CsSn0.95Mn0.05Cl3 is stable to −15 °C. Moreover, it exhibits a high chloride ionic conductivity of 2.0 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C. We demonstrated the room-temperature operation of an all-solid-state chloride-ion battery with a BiCl3 cathode, an Sn anode, and CsSn0.95Mn0.05Cl3 as the electrolyte. The first discharge capacity of the all-solid-state cell at room temperature was 169 mAh g−1 based on the weight of BiCl3. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses confirmed that the reaction mechanism of the cell is derived from the redox reaction of BiCl3 and Sn.
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