We experimentally and theoretically investigate the anisotropic speed of sound of an atomic superfluid (SF) Bose-Einstein condensate in a 1D optical lattice. Because the speed of sound derives from ...the SF density, this implies that the SF density is itself anisotropic. We find that the speed of sound is decreased by the optical lattice, and the SF density is concomitantly reduced. This reduction is accompanied by the appearance of a zero entropy normal fluid in the purely Bose condensed phase. The reduction in SF density-first predicted A. J. Leggett, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 1543 (1970).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.25.1543 in the context of supersolidity-results from the coexistence of superfluidity and density modulations, but is agnostic about the origin of the modulations. We additionally measure the moment of inertia of the system in a scissors mode experiment, demonstrating the existence of rotational flow. As such we shed light on some supersolid properties using imposed, rather than spontaneously formed, density order.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of urinary biomarkers including kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and monocyte ...chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in lupus nephritis.
Methods
A total of 109 biopsy-proven lupus nephritis patients were included and 50 healthy individuals were used as normal controls. Urinary KIM-1, NGAL, and MCP-1 levels were measured by ELISA and their correlations with clinical and histological features were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were performed and the Cox regression model was applied to identify prognostic factors associated with renal outcomes.
Results
Active lupus nephritis patients exhibited elevated urinary levels of KIM-1, NGAL, and MCP-1 compared with lupus nephritis patients in remission (P < 0.001) and normal controls (P < 0.001). The urinary KIM-1 level was correlated with pathological tubular atrophy (r = 0.208, P < 0.05) and increased significantly in the presence of interstitial inflammatory lesions (P = 0.031). Urinary KIM-1, NGAL, and MCP-1 levels were higher in patients with active tubulointerstitial lesions than in those with only chronic lesions (P = 0.015, P = 0.230, and P = 0.086, respectively). A combination of KIM-1, NGAL, and MCP-1 was a good indicator for diagnosing active tubulointerstitial lesions (area under the curve: 0.796). The combination of KIM-1 and NGAL was identified as an independent risk factor for renal outcomes (hazard ratio = 7.491, P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Urinary KIM-1, NGAL, and MCP-1 levels were associated with kidney injury indices in lupus nephritis. The combination of the three biomarkers showed increased power in predicting tubulointerstitial lesions and renal outcomes.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of antidepressants in treating post-stroke depression (PSD) by performing a network meta-analysis of randomized ...controlled trials of the current literature. Eligible studies were retrieved from online databases, and relevant data were extracted. The primary outcome was efficacy as measured by the mean change in overall depressive symptoms. Secondary outcomes included discontinued treatment for any reason and specifically due to adverse events. Fourteen trials were eligible, which included 949 participants and 9 antidepressant treatments. Few significant differences were found for all outcomes. For the primary outcome, doxepin, paroxetine, and nortriptyline were significantly more effective than a placebo standardized mean differences: -1.93 (95%CI=-3.56 to -0.29), -1.39 (95%CI=-2.59 to -0.21), and -1.25 (95%CI=-2.46 to -0.04), respectively. Insufficient evidence exists to select a preferred antidepressant for treating patients with post-stroke depression, and our study provides little evidence that paroxetine may be the potential choice when starting treatment for PSD. Future studies with paroxetine and larger sample sizes, multiple medical centers, and sufficient intervention durations is needed for improving the current evidence.
Aims
To explore biocontrol potential of 39 DAEB isolates (doubly antagonistic towards both
Verticillium dahliae
Kleb and
Fusarium oxysporum) against verticillium wilt of cotton and to elucidate ...colonization and category characteristics of an endophytic bacterium with significant biocontrol activity.
Methods and Results
Thirty‐nine antagonistic endophytic bacteria strains were tested for their ability to control verticillium wilt in cotton plants caused by a defoliating pathotype of
V. dahliae 107 in cotton under controlled conditions. The biocontrol trial revealed that an endophytic bacterium, designated HA02, showed a significant biocontrol activity to
V. dahliae 107. After cotton seedlings were inoculated with a gfp gene‐tagged HA02 (HA02‐gfp), HA02‐gfp populations were higher in the root than in the stem; in addition, the HA02‐gfp was distributed in the maturation zone of cotton root. Furthermore, HA02‐gfp also colonized seedlings of maize, rape and soybean after the bacteria inoculation. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rDNA sequences combined with morphological, physiological and identification showed that the bacterium belongs to the Enterobacter genus.
Conclusions
Our results showed that only 1 of 39 DAEB isolates demonstrated more efficient biocontrol potential towards V. dahliae 107 in greenhouse and field trials. HA02‐gfp mainly colonized cotton in roots. In addition, we quantitatively observed HA02 colonization in other hosts. HA02 belongs to the Enterobacter genus.
Significance and Impact of the Study
This is the first study on biocontrol to defoliating pathotype of
V. dahliae
Kleb by endophytic bacteria. The HA02 showed effective biocontrol to
V. dahliae 107 in greenhouse and field trials. Furthermore, we assessed the quantitative and qualitative colonization of HA02 in cotton seedlings. Our study provides basic information to further explore managing strategies to control this critical disease.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A growing number of optogenetic tools have been developed to reversibly control binding between two engineered protein domains. In contrast, relatively few tools confer light-switchable binding to a ...generic target protein of interest. Such a capability would offer substantial advantages, enabling photoswitchable binding to endogenous target proteins in cells or light-based protein purification in vitro. Here, we report the development of opto-nanobodies (OptoNBs), a versatile class of chimeric photoswitchable proteins whose binding to proteins of interest can be enhanced or inhibited upon blue light illumination. We find that OptoNBs are suitable for a range of applications including reversibly binding to endogenous intracellular targets, modulating signaling pathway activity, and controlling binding to purified protein targets in vitro. This work represents a step towards programmable photoswitchable regulation of a wide variety of target proteins.
The effect of atmosphere turbulence on light's spatial structure compromises the information capacity of photons carrying the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) in free-space optical (FSO) ...communications. In this paper, we study two aberration correction methods to mitigate this effect. The first one is the Shack-Hartmann wavefront correction method, which is based on the Zernike polynomials, and the second is a phase correction method specific to OAM states. Our numerical results show that the phase correction method for OAM states outperforms the Shark-Hartmann wavefront correction method, although both methods improve significantly purity of a single OAM state and the channel capacities of FSO communication link. At the same time, our experimental results show that the values of participation functions go down at the phase correction method for OAM states, i.e., the correction method ameliorates effectively the bad effect of atmosphere turbulence.
Objective. Recently, a new consensus algorithm for classification of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and PAN had been proposed by Watt et al. for epidemiological studies. In order to evaluate this ...algorithm, the current study used the algorithm to reclassify the patients with AAV and PAN in our centre. Methods. Five hundred and fifty Chinese patients with primary systemic vasculitis diagnosed in our referral diagnostic centre during the past 10 years were retrospectively studied. Four hundred and ninety-three out of 550 were ANCA positive. We compared the new consensus algorithm and the 1994 Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) definitions supplemented with surrogate parameters, in the same cohort of patients with primary systemic vasculitis. Results. Applying the CHCC definitions with surrogate parameters, the diagnoses were Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS) (n = 0), WG (n = 127), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) (n = 363), PAN (n = 4) and unclassified (n = 56). Using the new consensus algorithm, the diagnoses were CSS (n = 2), WG (n = 199), MPA (n = 329), PAN (n = 0) and unclassified (n = 20). Conclusions. Watts’ algorithm was a useful method to classify patients into a single category, with less unclassified patients and without overlapping diagnosis, which allows their use in epidemiological studies.
Engineering clinically relevant cells in vitro holds promise for regenerative medicine, but most protocols fail to faithfully recapitulate target cell properties. To address this, we developed ...CellNet, a network biology platform that determines whether engineered cells are equivalent to their target tissues, diagnoses aberrant gene regulatory networks, and prioritizes candidate transcriptional regulators to enhance engineered conversions. Using CellNet, we improved B cell to macrophage conversion, transcriptionally and functionally, by knocking down predicted B cell regulators. Analyzing conversion of fibroblasts to induced hepatocytes (iHeps), CellNet revealed an unexpected intestinal program regulated by the master regulator Cdx2. We observed long-term functional engraftment of mouse colon by iHeps, thereby establishing their broader potential as endoderm progenitors and demonstrating direct conversion of fibroblasts into intestinal epithelium. Our studies illustrate how CellNet can be employed to improve direct conversion and to uncover unappreciated properties of engineered cells.
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•The CellNet network biology platform evaluates cell-fate engineering strategies•CellNet reveals incomplete conversion of engineered macrophages and hepatocytes•Conversion to induced hepatocytes specifies intestinal fate, regulated by Cdx2•Induced hepatocytes are endoderm progenitors that can functionally engraft colon
A network biology platform, CellNet, enables a more accurate assessment of the fidelity of cellular engineering (e.g., directed differentiation and directed conversion) and provides strategies for improving cell derivations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Ageratina adenophora is one of the most hazardous invasive weeds in China. It can form a single species community quickly and cause extensive ecological harm. The belowground microbial community can ...participate in nutrient transformation in soil and plays an important role in the invasiveness of exotic plant species.
We selected sampling sites with different invasion levels of A. adenophora. The soil property and soil biogeochemical activity were measured in both bulk and rhizosphere soil under the aggressive weed A. adenophora and under adjacent native plants. The composition of bacterial communities was investigated using high‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
We found that the rhizosphere habitat selectively accumulated Sphingomonas and Steroidobacter and reduced the abundance of Gaiella and Gp6 regardless of plant host. The presence of A. adenophora caused a switch in microbial composition from Aeromicrobium and Marmoricola to Reyranella and Bradyrhizobium in the bulk soil, and from Gp4, Pirellula, Lysobacter and Aridibacterrae to Reyranella and Streptomyces in the rhizosphere soil. We also revealed specific microbes that closely related with N‐cycling processes. In addition, soil pH was the main factor affecting microbial communities in both bulk and rhizosphere soil.
Our study confirmed that the rhizosphere environment imposed homogenous microbial communities. The invasion of A. adenophora selected specialized bacterial communities in soils and specific microbes that potentially mediated soil nutrition cycling. Our findings provide ecological explanation to explain how the underground microbes help A. adenophora invasive.
The specific bacterial groups selected by Ageratina adenophora potentially regulated soil nutrition cycling in response to plant invasion.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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