Three one-dimensional (1D) chain polymers (1D-9HAC, 1D-Cd-9AC, and 1D-Cd-9AC-HBIM) that exhibit different intermolecular interactions and stacking patterns have been designed and synthesized. Only ...1D-Cd-9AC-HBIM with rigid (anion) and flexible (cation) units alternately arranged exhibits mechanochromic luminescence, which can be recovered through rapid solvent treatment or a self-recovery process.
A one-dimensional co-crystallized coordination polymer exhibits mechanochromic luminescence, which can be recovered through rapid solvent treatment or a self-recovery process.
The ability to produce random numbers that are unknown to any outside party is crucial for many applications. Device-independent randomness generation1–4 does not require trusted devices and ...therefore provides strong guarantees of the security of the output, but it comes at the price of requiring the violation of a Bell inequality for implementation. A further challenge is to make the bounds in the security proofs tight enough to allow randomness expansion with contemporary technology. Although randomness has been generated in recent experiments5–9, the amount of randomness consumed in doing so has been too high to certify expansion based on existing theory. Here we present an experiment that demonstrates device-independent randomness expansion1–3,10–15. By developing a Bell test setup with a single-photon detection efficiency of around 84% and by using a spot-checking protocol, we achieve a net gain of 2.57 × 108 certified bits with a soundness error of 3.09 × 10−12. The experiment ran for 19.2 h, which corresponds to an average rate of randomness generation of 13,527 bits per second. By developing the entropy accumulation theorem4,16,17, we establish security against quantum adversaries. We anticipate that this work will lead to further improvements that push device-independence towards commercial viability.Device-independent randomness expansion is demonstrated in an experiment that is secure against quantum adversaries as established by the entropy accumulation theorem.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
Closed-loop data are widely encountered in modern industrial systems, which require special data analytics to gain insight for system monitoring. A closed-loop dynamic latent analysis scheme named ...closed-loop DiCCA (CL-DiCCA) is proposed in this article. Bidirectional dynamic latent variable relationships are proposed with a new objective to extract the closed-loop dynamic latent structure. An iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the constructed optimization problem for closed-loop processes. Four statistically independent residuals are generated, which monitor the dynamic and static variations of the process data. A process monitoring logic with the CL-DiCCA model is established, which offers further separation of faults into output-relevant and output-irrelevant ones. A numerical simulation and a case study on the thruster system of the Jiaolong deep-sea submersible are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Successful pregnancy is a unique situation requires the maternal immune system to recognize and tolerate a semi‐identical fetus and allow normal invasion of trophoblast cells. Although efforts have ...been made, the deep mechanisms of the maternal‐fetal crosstalk have not yet been fully deciphered. Immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) are a group of negative modulators of the immune response that avoid immune damage. They have been extensively studied in the fields of oncology and transplantation, while the latest evidence suggests that they are closely associated with pregnancy outcomes via multiple inhibitory mechanisms. Although studies have mostly demonstrated the regulatory role of the well‐known PD‐1, CTLA‐4 at the maternal‐fetal interface, what is unique about the newly discovered multiple ICMs remains a mystery. Here, we review the latest knowledge on ICMs, focusing on the first generation of checkpoints (PD‐1, CTLA‐4) and the next generation (Tim‐3, Tigit, Lag‐3, VISTA) highlighting their immunoregulatory roles in maternal‐fetal tolerance and decidual vascular remodeling, and their involvement in pathological pregnancies. The content covers three aspects: the characteristics they possess, the dynamic expression profile of their expression at the maternal‐fetal interface, and their involvement in pathological pregnancy. In immunotherapy strategies for pregnancy complications, upregulation of immune checkpoints may play a role. Meanwhile, the impact on pregnancy outcomes when using ICMs in clinical cancer treatment during pregnancy is a topic worth exploring. These may serve as a guide for future basic research and clinical applications of maternal‐fetal immunity.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Caused by a novel type of virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) constitutes a global public health emergency. Pregnant women are ...considered to have a higher risk of severe morbidity and even mortality due to their susceptibility to respiratory pathogens and their particular immunologic state. Several studies assessing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy reported adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with severe conditions, including spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, fetal distress, cesarean section, preterm birth, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal pneumonia, stillbirth, and neonatal death. However, whether these complications are causally related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is not clear. Here, we reviewed the scientific evidence supporting the contributing role of Treg/Th17 cell imbalance in the uncontrolled systemic inflammation characterizing severe cases of COVID‐19. Based on the recognized harmful effects of these CD4+ T‐cell subset imbalances in pregnancy, we speculated that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection might lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes through the deregulation of otherwise tightly regulated Treg/Th17 ratios, and to subsequent uncontrolled systemic inflammation. Moreover, we discuss the possibility of vertical transmission of COVID‐19 from infected mothers to their infants, which could also explain adverse perinatal outcomes. Rigorous monitoring of pregnancies and appropriate measures should be taken to prevent and treat early eventual maternal and perinatal complications.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
By varying the fluorescent tags of resorcin4arene-based tetracarboxylic acids from phenyl to naphthyl, two highly luminescent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, Zn2(TPC4A)(DMF)(H2O)4·3H2O ...(1) and (CH3)2NH22Zn(TNC4A)·4H2O (2), were successfully achieved (TPC4A = 2,8,14,20-tetra-phenyl-6,12,18,24-tetra-methoxy-4,10,16,22-tetra-carboxy-methoxy-resorcin4arene and TNC4A = 2,8,14,20-tetra-1-naphthal-6,12,18,24-tetra- methoxy-4,10,16,22-tetra-carboxy-methoxy-resorcin4arene). Compound 1 features a unique 2D network, while 2 exhibits a fascinating 3D framework. The highly selective detection of small organic molecules as well as Fe2+ and Fe3+ was performed for 1 and 2 as fluorescent sensors. Remarkably, luminescent 1 and 2 were used as sensory materials for the sensing of various amine vapors with high selectivity and rapid response. Most strikingly, clear fluorescence “on–off” switch-functions toward small organic molecules as well as amine vapors were also explored for luminescent 1 and 2.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
•The COVID-19 may alter the maternal symmetrical and local immune responses, and affect the well-being of mothers and infants.•Pregnant women are more susceptible to respiratory pathogens; hence, ...they may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 than the general population.•We focused on the immunological factor of the susceptibility of pregnant women to COVID-19 and the potential damages to mother and fetus.
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first detected in December 2019 and became epidemic in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID-19 has been rapidly spreading out in China and all over the world. The virus causing COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 has been known to be genetically similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) but distinct from it. Clinical manifestation of COVID-19 can be characterized by mild upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection involving non-life threatening pneumonia, and life-threatening pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome. It affects all age groups, including newborns, to the elders. Particularly, pregnant women may be more susceptible to COVID-19 since pregnant women, in general, are vulnerable to respiratory infection. In pregnant women with COVID-19, there is no evidence for vertical transmission of the virus, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries has been noticed. The COVID-19 may alter immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface, and affect the well-being of mothers and infants. In this review, we focused on the reason why pregnant women are more susceptible to COVID-19 and the potential maternal and fetal complications from an immunological viewpoint.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Two fluorescent coordination polymers have been designed and synthesized from a tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivative. These polymers, which can be potentially utilized as mechanical sensors, exhibit ...reversible mechanochromic luminescence with color changes visible to the naked-eye from blue to green-yellow by grinding or soaking in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) under UV irradiation.
Over the last two or three decades, the pace of development of treatments for osteosarcoma tends has been slow. Novel effective therapies for osteosarcoma are still lacking. Previously, we reported ...that tumor-suppressing STF cDNA 3 (TSSC3) functions as an imprinted tumor suppressor gene in osteosarcoma; however, the underlying mechanism by which TSSC3 suppresses the tumorigenesis and metastasis remain unclear.
We investigated the dynamic expression patterns of TSSC3 and autophagy-related proteins (autophagy related 5 (ATG5) and P62) in 33 human benign bone tumors and 58 osteosarcoma tissues using immunohistochemistry. We further investigated the correlations between TSSC3 and autophagy in osteosarcoma using western blotting and transmission electronic microscopy. CCK-8, Edu, and clone formation assays; wound healing and Transwell assays; PCR; immunohistochemistry; immunofluorescence; and western blotting were used to investigated the responses in TSSC3-overexpressing osteosarcoma cell lines, and in xenografts and metastasis in vivo models, with or without autophagy deficiency caused by chloroquine or ATG5 silencing.
We found that ATG5 expression correlated positively with TSSC3 expression in human osteosarcoma tissues. We demonstrated that TSSC3 was an independent prognostic marker for overall survival in osteosarcoma, and positive ATG5 expression associated with positive TSSC3 expression suggested a favorable prognosis for patients. Then, we showed that TSSC3 overexpression enhanced autophagy via inactivating the Src-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in osteosarcoma. Further results suggested autophagy contributed to TSSC3-induced suppression of tumorigenesis and metastasis in osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo models.
Our findings highlighted, for the first time, the importance of autophagy as an underlying mechanism in TSSC3-induced antitumor effects in osteosarcoma. We also revealed that TSSC3-associated positive ATG5 expression might be a potential predictor of favorable prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background/Aims: Recent studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can serve as potential molecular markers for disease diagnosis. However, little is known about their diagnostic ...potential for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to determine the expression of circRNAs in the saliva of OSCC patients to identify novel biomarkers for OSCC screening. Methods: Microarray screening of circRNA was performed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in saliva from 3 OSCC patients compared with 3 healthy controls. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the results, and the association between these confirmed salivary circRNAs and clinicopathological features was analyzed using the chi-squared test. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the circRNAs identified. Preoperative expression and postoperative expression (1 month after the surgery) of hsa_circ_0001874 and hsa_circ_0001971 was also determined. Results: Our results indicated 12 upregulated and 20 downregulated circRNAs in the saliva from the OSCC patients compared with that from the healthy controls. Among the differentially expressed circRNAs, hsa_circ_0001874, hsa_circ_0001971, and hsa_circ_0008068 were upregulated and hsa_circ_0000140, hsa_circ_0002632, and hsa_circ_0008792 were downregulated in the OSCC group versus the healthy group. Clinical data indicated that salivary hsa_circ_0001874 was correlated with TNM stage (P=0.006) and tumor grade (P=0.023) and that hsa_circ_0001971 was correlated with TNM stage (P=0.019). The combination of hsa_circ_0001874 and hsa_circ_0001971 showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.922 (95% confidence interval, 0.883-0.961; P< 0.001). The risk score based on the combination of hsa_circ_0001874 and hsa_circ_0001971 also discriminated patients with OSCC from patients with oral leukoplakia (P< 0.001). Moreover, the expression levels of salivary hsa_circ_0001874 and hsa_circ_0001971 were clearly decreased in the postoperative samples compared with preoperative samples (P< 0.001). Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate the potential of salivary hsa_circ_0001874 and hsa_circ_0001971 as biomarkers for the diagnosis of OSCC.
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