Drug abuse and infection Zhao, Hong; Ye, Tie-hu
Zhōngguó yīxué kēxuéyuàn xuébào
28, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In recent years increased studies on the relationship between addictive drugs abuse and infectious diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have shown that these drugs, including ...heroin, marijuana and cocaine, not only alter the abusers' neuropsychological and pathophysiological responses, but also impair their immune functions. The possible mechanisms may include the direct effect on immune cells or an indirect method ( e. g., stimulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis). The correlation between intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and human immunodeficiency virus infections has led to the proposal that the immunomodulation mediated by additive drugs is a major factor contributing to the progression of AIDS in IVDUs. Immunosuppression caused by drug abuse may increase the susceptibility to opportunistic infections, while drug abusers' lifestyles also increase exposure risk to infectious pathogens. In summary, increased infection risks and drug-mediated immunomodulation increase drug ab
Sepsis is currently a common condition in emergency and intensive care units, and is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Cardiac ...dysfunction caused by septic myocardial injury (SMI) is associated with adverse prognosis and has significant economic and human costs. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SMI have long been a subject of interest. Recent studies have identified ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death associated with iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, as a pathological factor in the development of SMI. However, the current understanding of how ferroptosis functions and regulates in SMI remains limited, particularly in the absence of direct evidence from human heart.
We performed a sequential comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of human sepsis cardiac transcriptome data obtained through the GEO database. The lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse SMI model was used to validate the ferroptosis features and transcriptional expression of key genes.
We identified widespread dysregulation of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in SMI based on the human septic heart transcriptomes, deeply explored the underlying biological mechanisms and crosstalks, followed by the identification of key functional modules and hub genes through the construction of protein-protein interaction network. Eight key FRGs that regulate ferroptosis in SMI, including HIF1A, MAPK3, NOX4, PPARA, PTEN, RELA, STAT3 and TP53, were identified, as well as the ferroptosis features. All the key FRGs showed excellent diagnostic capability for SMI, part of them was associated with the prognosis of sepsis patients and the immune infiltration in the septic hearts, and potential ferroptosis-modulating drugs for SMI were predicted based on key FRGs.
This study provides human septic heart transcriptome-based evidence and brings new insights into the role of ferroptosis in SMI, which is significant for expanding the understanding of the pathobiological mechanisms of SMI and exploring promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for SMI.
Some basic experiments in vivo have confirmed that propofol is capable of providing neuroprotection. Using cultured neurons,interference produced by multiple factors under in vivo situations could be ...eliminated, and the direct effects of propofol on neurons under anoxia/reoxygenation conditions could be observed.Evenso, there are not many in vitro experiments about propofol' s neuroprotection and only two are about anoxia of hippocampal slices and culturedhippocampal neurons.
To compare the analgesic effect and side effects of morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with or without low-dose naloxone after abdominal surgery.
Fifty-nine ASA I - II ...patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were randomly divided into two groups: group morphine received postoperative PCA with 0.4 mg/ml morphine (a 1 mg bolus with a 5 min lockout), group naloxone received morphine 0.4 mg/ml with 6 microg/kg naloxone. Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and pulse oxygen saturation were monitored. Visual analogue scale (VAS), nausea/vomiting, pruritus, sedation and consumption of morphine were recorded for 24 hours.
VAS had no difference between group morphine and group naloxone, but group naloxone had significantly lower VAS for pain at rest or movement (beyond 4-8 h), and the incidence of nausea/vomiting significantly decreased in group naloxone (P < 0.05). No differences existed in pruritus, sedation, respiratory rate, and hemodynamic parameters between these two grou
Multi-wall carbon nanotube/Fe3O4 hybrids were prepared by a chemical synthesis-hydrothermal treatment method and their electromagnetic wave absorbing properties were investigated in the frequency ...range of 8.2–12.4GHz (X band). As-prepared hybrids were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer. Results indicated that the surface of multi-wall carbon nanotubes was attached to magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The Fe3O4 content increased and the magnetism of the hybrids was enhanced by increasing the concentrations of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in solution. The minimum reflection loss (−18.22dB, 12.05GHz) was the lowest and the absorbing bandwidth was the widest when the concentrations of Fe2+ and Fe3+ were 0.02 and 0.04M, respectively.
New Carbon Materials 2013, 28(3): 184–190
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
To assess the efficacy and safety of lornoxicam, one non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in patients undergoing abdominal surgeries.
Thirty-nine ...patients scheduled for abdominal surgeries were randomly assigned to different PCA treatment groups using either lornoxicam or fentanyl postoperatively. Pain intensity difference (PID) and sum of pain intensity difference (SPID) were used to assess the analgesic efficacy of both drugs during a 24-hour period.
The analgesic efficacy of lornoxicam is 1/66 of fentanyl, which was shown by SPID value of 3.250 and 3.058, respectively (P > 0.05). Lornoxicam caused fewer adverse events than fentanyl (33% vs. 68%, P < 0.05).
In clinic, we can use lornoxicam to treat postoperative pain effectively and with less adverse reactions compared with fentanyl.
Parallel computing of graphene frequency selective surface (GFSS) with large finite array is performed using hybrid implcit-explcit finite-difference time domain (HIE-FDTD) method. Such GFSS consists ...of N*N units, where N is an arbitrary integral number. For example, even as N is small as 50, the FDTD cells generated for computing can be still as high as 3.5 billions. With the help of high performance computer (HPC), our computed GFSS with large finite array can achieve two passband operating at Terahertz bands. On the other hand, thanks to the unique feature of graphene, the central frequency of each passband can be adjusted by changing the graphene chemical potential or applied electrical or magnetic field, as demonstrated numerically.
With the technological progress in the synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and single-walled carbon nanotubes, more attention was attracted to the synthesis of carbon nanotubes with diameter ...distribution, ideal length, different chirality and certain orientation. In recent decade, all these factors have been investigated and a number of progresses have been made for the application of carbon nanotubes. The latest researches on the growth of diameter-controlled single-walled carbon nanotubes are reviewed and discussed. The existing problems and challenges of the synthesis processes have been addressed in the future directions.
Imaging polarimetry based on dielectric metasurface is well-known for its ultra-compactness and high integration. However, previous works suffer from low energy efficiency, limited restrictions on ...choice of target polarization states, or inability to focus light. Here, by inverse design, we numerically demonstrate a multi-foci metalens-based polarimetry that can simultaneously separate and focus the four free-chosen elliptical polarization states at the wavelength of 10.6 \mu m. Such a full-stokes polarimetry features an average absolute efficiency up to 54.63%, and an average relative error as low as 0.00137%. This spatial-multiplexing-free full stokes polarimetry exceeds the theoretical maximum efficiency of traditional polarization-filtering counterparts, and resolves the restriction faced by the orthogonal polarization-multiplexed method.
The scalability of optical addressing is one of the key challenges for the
large-scale trapped-ion quantum computing (QC). Metasurfaces is a promising
solution due to excellent optical performance, ...integration, and
miniaturization. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate a design of
integrated scalable metalens array (ISMA) working in the UV 350nm range for
optical addressing. These ISMAs can focus the collimated individual addressing
beams array into diffraction-limited spots array, featuring crosstalk below
0.82%, focusing efficiency as high as 36.90%. For various applications, the
x-polarized, polarization-insensitive and right-handed circularly polarized
ISMA are designed. The design proposed in this paper can also find applications
in optical trapping.
