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•Landscape pattern has significant but limited un-linearity impact on ESs.•3 km has been suggested as the most suitable scale across 1.5 km to 30 km.•Landscape-level metrics of ...CONTAG, SHDI and FRACMN have larger impacts than others.•Too high or low fragmentation or diversity would alter relations among ESs.•These un-linearity and threshold relations provide new direction for improving ESs.
Exploring the impacts of landscape pattern on ecosystem services (ESs) and their trade-offs could provide a new way to improve ESs without largely altering land use types. Using the City Belt along the Yellow River in Ningixa (CBYN) as a case study, we quantified five critical ESs (one provision service of crop production, three regulating services of carbon sequestration, nutrient retention and sand fixation, and one cultural service of recreational opportunity) in 1989–2019 through CASA model, InVEST model and empirical equations. Then we calculated landscape pattern metrics at landscape and class level through Fragstats 4.3 across multiple scales and quantified their impacts on each ES and ES trade-offs through random forest analysis, self-organizing mapping analysis and multivariable regression tree. The results suggested that 3 km is more suitable for analyzing the impacts of landscape pattern on ESs in the CBYN. The nonlinear relations between landscape pattern metrics and each ES were fitted with adjusted R2 ranging from 0.26 to 0.51, indicating the significant but limited impacts of landscape pattern on ESs. Specially, landscape-level metrics of CONTAG, SHDI and FRACMN have higher impacts on ESs than class-level ones. Significant synergies existed among agricultural production, carbon sequestration and nutrient retention, except in mountain region with higher or lower fragmentation. Sand fixation has synergy relations with the former three ESs, which would be altered in situations with higher or lower diversity. Our results provide a new direction for land use management to achieve high-quality development without largely altering existing land use situation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this study, a novel and facile glucose detection system based on inverse opal hydrogels (IOHGs) was developed. Based on the intuitive structural colour, the gel sensors could be used for the ...detection of carbohydrates containing 1,2-
cis
-diol groups and diagnosis of diabetes without the assistance of sophisticated analysis instruments. Compared to the case of traditional opal sensors, the stable network structure of the IOHG samples endowed them with reusability for multiple times, which could suffer 10 cyclic detections without any reduction in sensitivity; possessing the combined advantages of high sensitivity, a stable network, and easy processing, IOHGs might open up a new avenue and propose a promising prospect in the detection and identification of diverse organic compounds.
Possessing the combined advantages of a stable network structure, brilliant structural color, and high sensitivity, the three-dimensional inverse opal hydrogel film could be used as a colorimetric sensor for the precise detection of glucose.
Glioblastoma (GBM) patients present poor prognosis. Deubiquitination by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) is a critical process in cancer progression. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) constitute the ...largest sub-family of DUBs. Evaluate the role of USP32 in GBM progression and provide a potential target for GBM treatment. Clinical significance of USP32 was investigated using Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Effects of USP32 on cell growth and metastasis were studied in vitro and in vivo. Differentially expressive genes between USP32-knockdown U-87 MG cells and negative control cells were detected using RNA sequencing and used for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomic pathway enrichment analyses. Finally, RT-qPCR was used to validate the divergent expression of genes involved in the enriched pathways. USP32 was upregulated in GBM patients, being correlated to poor prognosis. USP32 downregulation inhibited cell growth and metastasis in vitro. Furthermore, USP32 knockdown inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, UPS32 was identified as a crucial regulator in different pathways including cell cycle, cellular senescence, DNA replication, base excision repair, and mismatch repair pathways. USP32 acts as an oncogene in GBM through regulating several biological processes/pathways. It could be a potential target for GBM treatment.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulators play essential roles in diverse biological processes, including immune responses. Mounting evidence suggests that their dysregulation is intricately linked to ...numerous diseases. However, the role of m6A-associated genes in carotid atherosclerosis and their relationship with aging and immune cells remain unclear. Analyze the expression profiles of m6A-related genes in carotid atherosclerosis-related datasets. Based on the expression patterns of m6A-related genes, perform consistent clustering analysis of carotid atherosclerosis samples and investigate associated immune cell infiltration patterns and aging characteristics. Develop an m6A prediction model specific to carotid atherosclerosis and analyze the relationships between immune cells infiltration and aging features. The m6A methylation modification level exhibited a substantial decrease in early-stage carotid atherosclerosis samples compared to late-stage carotid atherosclerosis samples. Subsequently, two distinct m6A subtypes were defined through consensus clustering analysis, with the lower m6A modification level group showing associations with heightened immune cell infiltration and increased expression of aging-related genes. A model composed of five m6A-related genes was formulated, and the results indicated that this model possesses effective predictive and therapeutic capabilities for carotid atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of YTHDC1 expression resulted in elevated expression of inflammatory factors and a decrease in the expression of the aging-related gene RGN. Single-cell data analysis suggests that the reduced expression of YTHDC1 may decrease the degradation of inflammation-related factors in macrophages, leading to a highly inflammatory state in the carotid artery wall. Furthermore, the sustained release of inflammatory factors may increase the expression of the aging-related gene RGN in vascular smooth muscle cells, further exacerbating the progression of atherosclerosis. A reduced level of m6A methylation modification could enhance inflammation and expedite cellular aging, thereby contributing to the development of carotid atherosclerosis.
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Tonle Sap Lake (TSL) Basin in Cambodia.
The development and application of hydrological models for data-sparse basins are hindered by the limited hydro-meteorological data. Although gridded ...meteorological products are alternatively considered in many studies, the validation of the products with limited point observations overlooks the original spatiotemporal characteristics, thus leading to a selection of datasets with high uncertainty. Here, we evaluated seven gridded meteorological datasets of rainfall and air temperature covering the data-sparse Tonle Sap Lake Basin by employing the statistical approach based on the bilinear-interpolation method and hydrological approach using the SWAT model, which ensures the reliable estimates of streamflow and evapotranspiration.
The results of the statistical approach indicate that APHRODITE, ERA5, TRMM and IMERG-based precipitation and CPC and SA-OBS-based air temperature performed comparably well (R ≥ 0.75) with the gauged data. However, ERA5-based streamflow performed relatively poor, while SWAT driven by APHRODITE underestimated satellite-based evapotranspiration, indicating the underestimation of basin-wide precipitation by APHRODITE. Although TRMM and IMERG provide more reliable estimation of streamflow and evapotranspiration, slightly better performance and a higher spatial resolution of IMERG dataset suggest that IMERG precipitation is superior for basin-wide hydrological modeling and impact assessment. These findings showed that statistical comparisons with gauge-data and hydrological evaluation of streamflow are not enough to justify the reliability of each gridded dataset.
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•Evaluation of gridded precipitation and temperature datasets for TSL River Basin.•Streamflow and evapotranspiration (ET) were evaluated by SWAT model application.•TRMM, IMERG and APHRODITE precipitation with SA-OBS temperature simulated streamflow well.•Using TRMM and IMERG precipitation data, satellite- and simulated ET showed good agreement.•IMERG precipitation showed potential for superior hydrological impact assessment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex vascular disease involving expansion of the abdominal aorta. Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation is crucial to AAA pathogenesis, however, the specific ...molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate differentially expressed circular RNAs (DEcircRNAs) involved in ECM degradation of AAA.
Transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the DEcircRNAs between the AAA tissues and normal tissues. The expression of circRNAs in tissues and cells was validated using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Overexpression of circRNAs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) was employed to explore its effect on ECM degradation of AAA. Bioinformatic technology, luciferase reporter gene assay, RT-qPCR, and rescue experiment were employed to evaluate the regulatory mechanism of circRNA.
We identified 65 DEcircRNAs in AAA tissues compared with normal abdominal aortic tissues, including 30 up-regulated and 35 down-regulated circRNAs, which were mainly involved in inflammation and ECM-related functions and pathways. Moreover, circRBM33 was significantly increased in AAA tissues and Ang II-induced VSMCs compared with control samples. Overexpression of circRBM33 increased the expression of ECM-related molecule matrix metalloproteinase-2 and reduced the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 expression. Mechanistically, miR-4268 targeted binding to circRBM33 and inhibited the luciferase activity of circRBM33. Overexpression of circRBM33 induced the expression of EPH receptor B2 (EPHB2), and this effect was countered by miR-4268 mimics.
Overall, our data suggest that circRBM33 might be involved in AAA progression by regulating ECM degradation
the miR-4268/EPHB2 axis.
Abstract
To explore the difference of curative effect between different treatment modalities, in order to provide reference for the treatment of aortic intramural hematoma (IMH). 168 patients with ...aortic intramural hematoma diagnosed and treated from January 2010 to July 2020 were selected in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Among them, 48 patients were diagnosed with Stanford A aortic intramural hematoma and 120 were diagnosed with Stanford B aortic intramural hematoma. According to the therapeutic methods, patients were divided into conservative treatment group and endovascular treatment group (TEVAR). For endovascular treatment group, according to the different timing of surgery, can be divided into acute phase group (onset within 72 h) and non-acute phase group (time of onset > 72 h).The clinical data and follow-up data were collected and analyzed by variance analysis and χ
2
test. There were 168 patients diagnosed with aortic intramural hematoma 39 of them were (81.25%) Stanford A aortic intramural hematoma patients with pleural or pericardial effusion. For patient with Stanford A aortic intramural hematoma, endovascular treatment was performed in 15 patients (31.2%), and 33 cases (68.8%) for conservative treatment. The average follow-up (24.9 ± 13.9) was months. There were 120 patients with Stanford type B aortic intramural hematoma (71.4%), 60 patients received endovascular treatment (50%), and 60 patients (50%) received conservative treatment, with an average follow-up of (27.8 ± 14.6) months. For Stanford A type aortic intramural hematoma patients when the maximum aortic diameter ≥ 50 mm or hematoma thickness ≥ 11 mm, with high morbidity and mortality, positive endovascular treatment can reduce complications and death. For patients with Stanford type B aortic intramural hematoma, when the maximum aortic diameter ≥ 40 mm or hematoma thickness ≥ 10 mm, with high morbidity and mortality, positive endovascular treatment can reduce complications and death. Both Stanford type A and B aortic intramural hematoma patients could benefit from the endovascular treatment when the initial maximum aortic diameter is ≥ 50 mm or the hematoma thickness is ≥ 11 mm.
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Interfacial interaction between matrix polymer and nanofiller greatly influences the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. Herein, two kinds of functionalized polybutadienes containing ...carboxyl or hydroxyl groups, PB-COOH and PB-OH, were synthesized via thiol-ene reaction and utilized as matrices to investigate the reinforcing effect of CNCs. Homogeneous PB-COOH/CNC and PB-OH/CNC nanocomposites containing up to 30 wt% CNCs were successfully fabricated. The incorporation of CNCs into the polymers led to remarkably enhanced mechanical properties, while the reinforcing effect of CNCs was more pronounced for PB-COOH than that toward PB-OH. Transmission electron microscopy and theoretical modeling studies revealed that the mechanical enhancement is attributed to the formation of a CNC percolation network within the polymer matrix and the interfacial interaction between matrix and CNCs. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis demonstrated that the polymer-filler interaction in the PB-COOH nanocomposites was stronger than that in the PB-OH systems, which results in a larger amount of constrained polymers in the former system and consequently contributes an increase in storage modulus. Thus, the CNC-CNC and polymer-CNC reactions are both responsible to the mechanical enhancement of the resulting nanocomposites.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
An inertially stabilized platform is subject to the vibration force and moment from its support base, and low-frequency vibrations cannot be eliminated by mechanical vibration isolation. Combining ...gimbals with magnetic bearings instead of mechanical bearings, a maglev inertially stabilized platform (MISP) is characterized by no friction or an active vibration control capability. In this paper, an improved linear extended state observer (LESO) replacing displacement error with next-order error is proposed to estimate the low-frequency vibration and improve the estimation accuracy. An active vibration isolation control method is then designed to realize cancellation compensation on the MISP. Finally, a simulation example is presented to validate that the proposed measures can effectively eliminate the low-frequency vibration force transmitted from the base and ensure the stability of the MISP.
In the last few decades, self-healing polymeric materials have been widely investigated because they can heal the damages spontaneously and thereby prolong their service lifetime. Many ingenious ...synthetic procedures have been developed for fabricating self-healing polymers with high performance. This mini review provides an impressive summary of the self-healing polymers with fast self-healing speed, which exhibits an irreplaceable role in many intriguing applications, such as flexible electronics. After a brief introduction to the development of self-healing polymers, we divide the development of self-healing polymers into five stages through the perspective of their research priorities at different periods. Subsequently, we elaborated the underlying healing mechanism of polymers, including the self-healing origins, the influencing factors, and direct evidence of healing at nanoscopic level. Following this, recent advance in realizing the fast self-healing speed of polymers through physical and chemical approaches is extensively overviewed. In particular, the methodology for balancing the mechanical strength and healing ability in fast self-healing elastomers is summarized. We hope that it could afford useful information for research people in promoting the further technical development of new strategies and technologies to prepare the high performance self-healing elastomers for advanced applications.
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