Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are regarded as a promising next‐generation photovoltaic technology. However, poor device stability limits their commercialization. Carbon‐based ...inorganic PSCs (C‐IPSCs) can meet stability challenge owing to the absence of organic components. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic carbon materials as hole transport layers and back electrodes simplify fabrication process, decrease costs, and protect devices from moisture erosion. Since the first attempt for C‐IPSCs in 2016, a series of strategies have been proposed to improve device performance, including the fabrication technique optimization, solvent engineering, composition engineering, interface engineering, charge transport layer optimization, and so on, and the power conversion efficiency of C‐IPSCs are rapidly increased from initial 5% to exceeding 15%. In this review, the recent progress of C‐IPSCs is summarized, the existing challenges in this field are discussed, followed by a prospect for future development.
The recent progress of carbon‐based inorganic perovskite solar cells in the aspects of efficiency and stability, including the fabrication technique optimization, solvent engineering, composition engineering, interface engineering, as well as the optimization of electron transport layer and carbon electrode, is reviewed, the existing challenges in this field are discussed, and the prospects for further improvement are anticipated.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The application of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as SERS‐active platforms in multiplex volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection is still unexplored. Herein, we demonstrate that MIL‐100 (Fe) ...serves as an ideal SERS substrate for the detection of VOCs. The limit of detection (LOD) of MIL‐100(Fe) for toluene sensing can reach 2.5 ppm, and can be even further decreased to 0.48 ppb level when “hot spots” in between Au nanoparticles are employed onto MIL‐100 (Fe) substrate, resulting in an enhancement factor of 1010. Additionally, we show that MIL‐100(Fe) substrate has a unique “sensor array” property allowing multiplex VOCs detection, with great modifiability and expandability by doping with foreign metal elements. Finally, the MIL‐100(Fe) platform is utilized to simultaneously detect the different gaseous indicators of lung cancer with a ppm detection limit, demonstrating its high potential for early diagnosis of lung cancer in vivo.
MIL‐100(Fe) is demonstrated to serve as an ideal “SERS‐active” and “sensory array” platform for multiplex sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as the gaseous biomarkers of diseases with low Raman cross‐sections.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Very recently, the LHCb collaboration has observed in the final state
Λ
c
+
K
-
π
+
π
+
a resonant structure that is identified as the doubly charmed baryon
Ξ
cc
+
+
. Inspired by this observation, ...we investigate the weak decays of doubly heavy baryons
Ξ
cc
+
+
,
Ξ
cc
+
,
Ω
cc
+
,
Ξ
bc
(
′
)
+
,
Ξ
bc
(
′
)
0
,
Ω
bc
(
′
)
0
,
Ξ
bb
0
,
Ξ
bb
-
and
Ω
bb
-
and focus on the decays into spin 1 / 2 baryons in this paper. At the quark level these decay processes are induced by the
c
→
d
/
s
or
b
→
u
/
c
transitions, and the two spectator quarks can be viewed as a scalar or axial vector diquark. We first derive the hadronic form factors for these transitions in the light-front approach and then apply them to predict the partial widths for the semileptonic and nonleptonic decays of doubly heavy baryons. We find that the number of decay channels is sizable and can be examined in future measurements at experimental facilities like LHC, Belle II and CEPC.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The high stability of antibodies and their ability to precisely bind to antigens and endogenous immune receptors, as well as their susceptibility to protein engineering, enable antibody‐based ...therapeutics to be widely applied in cancer, inflammation, infection, and other disorders. Nevertheless, the application of traditional antibody‐based therapeutics has certain limitations, such as high price, limited permeability, and protein engineering complexity. Recent breakthroughs in cell membrane nanotechnology have deepened the understanding of the critical role of membrane protein receptors in disease treatment, enabling vesicular‐antibody‐based therapeutics. Here, the concept of vesicular antibodies that are obtained by modifying target antibodies onto cell membranes for biomedical applications is proposed. Given that an antibody is basically a protein, as an extension of this concept, vesicles or membrane‐coated nanoparticles that use surface antibodies and protein receptors on cell membranes for biomedical applications as vesicular antibodies are defined. Furthermore, several engineering strategies for vesicular antibodies are summarized and how vesicular antibodies can be used in a variety of situations is highlighted. In addition, current challenges and future prospects of vesicular antibodies are also discussed. It is anticipated this perspective will provide new insights on the development of next‐generation antibodies for enhanced therapeutics.
Recent breakthroughs in membrane‐derived vesicle nanotechnology have enabled vesicular‐antibody‐based therapy. By proposing the concept of vesicular antibodies, reviewing their engineering strategies and biomedical applications, and highlighting their unique advantages, this perspective intends to provide new insights on the development of vesicular antibodies.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We calculate the weak decay form factors of doubly-heavy baryons using three-point QCD sum rules. The Cutkosky rules are used to derive the double dispersion relations. We include perturbative ...contributions and condensation contributions up to dimension five, and point out that the perturbative contributions and condensates with lowest dimensions dominate. An estimate of a part of the gluon–gluon condensates show that it plays a less important role. With these form factors at hand, we present a phenomenological study of semileptonic decays. The future experimental facilities can test these predictions, and deepen our understanding of the dynamics in the decays of doubly-heavy baryons.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Phosphorylation is the most studied post-translational modification, which is crucial for multiple biological processes. Recently, many efforts have been taken to develop computational predictors for ...phosphorylation site prediction, but most of them are based on feature selection and discriminative classification. Thus, it is useful to develop a novel and highly accurate predictor that can unveil intricate patterns automatically for protein phosphorylation sites.
In this study we present DeepPhos, a novel deep learning architecture for prediction of protein phosphorylation. Unlike multi-layer convolutional neural networks, DeepPhos consists of densely connected convolutional neuron network blocks which can capture multiple representations of sequences to make final phosphorylation prediction by intra block concatenation layers and inter block concatenation layers. DeepPhos can also be used for kinase-specific prediction varying from group, family, subfamily and individual kinase level. The experimental results demonstrated that DeepPhos outperforms competitive predictors in general and kinase-specific phosphorylation site prediction.
The source code of DeepPhos is publicly deposited at https://github.com/USTCHIlab/DeepPhos.
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Biomimetic cell‐membrane‐camouflaged nanoparticles with desirable features have been widely used for various biomedical applications. However, the current research focuses on single cell membrane ...coating and using multiple cell membranes for nanoparticle functionalization is still challenging. In this work, platelet (PLT) and leukocyte (WBC) membranes are fused, PLT–WBC hybrid membranes are coated onto magnetic beads, and then their surface is modified with specific antibodies. The resulting PLT–WBC hybrid membrane‐coated immunomagnetic beads (HM‐IMBs) inherit enhanced cancer cell binding ability from PLTs and reduce homologous WBC interaction from WBCs, and are further used for highly efficient and highly specific isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). By using spiked blood samples, it is found that, compared with commercial IMBs, the cell separation efficiency of HM‐IMBs is improved to 91.77% from 66.68% and the cell purity is improved to 96.98% from 66.53%. Furthermore, by using the HM‐IMBs, highly pure CTCs are successfully identified in 19 out of 20 clinical blood samples collected from breast cancer patients. Finally, the robustness of HM‐IMBs is verified in downstream CTC analysis such as the detection of PIK3CA gene mutations. It is anticipated that this novel hybrid membrane coating strategy will open new possibilities for overcoming the limitations of current theranostic platforms.
Biomimetic platelet–leukocyte hybrid membrane‐coated immunomagnetic beads with enhanced cancer binding and reduced leukocyte interaction are used for ultrahigh‐efficiency and ‐purity isolation of circulating tumor cells from the blood samples of cancer patient. The combination of biomimetic hybrid cell membrane coating and immunomagnetic beads embodies a novel materials design strategy and presents a compelling class of advanced functional materials.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Metagenomic binning is the step in building metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) when sequences predicted to originate from the same genome are automatically grouped together. The most widely-used ...methods for binning are reference-independent, operating de novo and enable the recovery of genomes from previously unsampled clades. However, they do not leverage the knowledge in existing databases. Here, we introduce SemiBin, an open source tool that uses deep siamese neural networks to implement a semi-supervised approach, i.e. SemiBin exploits the information in reference genomes, while retaining the capability of reconstructing high-quality bins that are outside the reference dataset. Using simulated and real microbiome datasets from several different habitats from GMGCv1 (Global Microbial Gene Catalog), including the human gut, non-human guts, and environmental habitats (ocean and soil), we show that SemiBin outperforms existing state-of-the-art binning methods. In particular, compared to other methods, SemiBin returns more high-quality bins with larger taxonomic diversity, including more distinct genera and species.
Identifying drug-target interactions has been a key step in drug discovery. Many computational methods have been proposed to directly determine whether drugs and targets can interact or not. ...Drug-target binding affinity is another type of data which could show the strength of the binding interaction between a drug and a target. However, it is more challenging to predict drug-target binding affinity, and thus a very few studies follow this line. In our work, we propose a novel co-regularized variational autoencoders (Co-VAE) to predict drug-target binding affinity based on drug structures and target sequences. The Co-VAE model consists of two VAEs for generating drug SMILES strings and target sequences, respectively, and a co-regularization part for generating the binding affinities. We theoretically prove that the Co-VAE model is to maximize the lower bound of the joint likelihood of drug, protein and their affinity. The Co-VAE could predict drug-target affinity and generate new drugs which share similar targets with the input drugs. The experimental results on two datasets show that the Co-VAE could predict drug-target affinity better than existing affinity prediction methods such as DeepDTA and DeepAffinity, and could generate more new valid drugs than existing methods such as GAN and VAE.
CircRNAs are a class of noncoding RNA species with a circular configuration that is formed by either typical spliceosome-mediated or lariat-type splicing. The expression of circRNAs is usually ...abnormal in many cancers. Several circRNAs have been demonstrated to play important roles in carcinogenesis. In this review, we will first provide an introduction of circRNAs biogenesis, especially the regulation of circRNA by RNA-binding proteins, then we will focus on the recent findings of circRNA molecular mechanisms and functions in cancer development. Finally, some open questions are also discussed.
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