•First comprehensive ship emission inventory in China including OGVs, RVs and CVs•Full year AIS data of >15billion reports (166,546 vessels) were used for estimation.•Detailed spatial distribution ...and monthly variation of ship emissions were presented.•Emission differences of the major port clusters (BSA, YRD and PRD) were analyzed.•Emissions for the 24 major ports in China were presented.
Display omitted
Ship exhaust emissions have been considered a significant source of air pollution, with adverse impacts on the global climate and human health. China, as one of the largest shipping countries, has long been in great need of in-depth analysis of ship emissions. This study for the first time developed a comprehensive national-scale ship emission inventory with 0.005°×0.005° resolution in China for 2014, using the bottom-up method based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data of the full year of 2014. The emission estimation involved 166,546 unique vessels observed from over 15billion AIS reports, covering OGVs (ocean-going vessels), CVs (coastal vessels) and RVs (river vessels). Results show that the total estimated ship emissions for China in 2014 were 1.1937×106t (SO2), 2.2084×106t (NOX), 1.807×105t (PM10), 1.665×105t (PM2.5), 1.116×105t (HC), 2.419×105t (CO), and 7.843×107t (CO2, excluding RVs), respectively. OGVs were the main emission contributors, with proportions of 47%–74% of the emission totals for different species. Vessel type with the most emissions was container (~43.6%), followed by bulk carrier (~17.5%), oil tanker (~5.7%) and fishing ship (~4.9%). Monthly variations showed that emissions from transport vessels had a low point in February, while fishing ship presented two emission peaks in May and September. In terms of port clusters, ship emissions in BSA (Bohai Sea Area), YRD (Yangtze River Delta) and PRD (Pearl River Delta) accounted for ~13%, ~28% and ~17%, respectively, of the total emissions in China. On the contrast, the average emission intensities in PRD were the highest, followed by the YRD and BSA regions. The establishment of this high-spatiotemporal-resolution ship emission inventory fills the gap of national-scale ship emission inventory of China, and the corresponding ship emission characteristics are expected to provide certain reference significance for the management and control of the ship emissions.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
To enable the apple picking robot to quickly and accurately detect apples under the complex background in orchards, we propose an improved You Only Look Once version 4 (YOLOv4) model and data ...augmentation methods. Firstly, the crawler technology is utilized to collect pertinent apple images from the Internet for labeling. For the problem of insufficient image data caused by the random occlusion between leaves, in addition to traditional data augmentation techniques, a leaf illustration data augmentation method is proposed in this paper to accomplish data augmentation. Secondly, due to the large size and calculation of the YOLOv4 model, the backbone network Cross Stage Partial Darknet53 (CSPDarknet53) of the YOLOv4 model is replaced by EfficientNet, and convolution layer (Conv2D) is added to the three outputs to further adjust and extract the features, which make the model lighter and reduce the computational complexity. Finally, the apple detection experiment is performed on 2670 expanded samples. The test results show that the EfficientNet-B0-YOLOv4 model proposed in this paper has better detection performance than YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and Faster R-CNN with ResNet, which are state-of-the-art apple detection model. The average values of Recall, Precision, and F1 reach 97.43%, 95.52%, and 96.54% respectively, the average detection time per frame of the model is 0.338 s, which proves that the proposed method can be well applied in the vision system of picking robots in the apple industry.
Compared with on-road vehicles, emission from ships is one of the least-regulated anthropogenic emission sources and non-negligible source of primary aerosols and gas-phase precursors of PM2.5. The ...Bohai Rim Region in China hosts dozens of large ports, two of which ranked among the top ten ports in the world. To determine the impact of ship emissions on the PM2.5 concentrations over this region, two parts of works have been conducted in this study. First, a detailed ship emission inventory with high spatiotemporal resolution was developed based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Then the WRF/Chem model was applied to modeling the impact of ship emissions by comparing two scenarios: with and without ship emissions. The results indicate that the total estimated ship emissions of SO2, NOX, PM10, PM2.5, CO, HC, and CO2 from Bohai Rim Region in 2014 are 1.9×105, 2.9×105, 2.6×104, 2.4×104, 2.5×104, 1.2×104, and 1.3×107tonnes, respectively. The modeling results indicate that the annual PM2.5 concentrations increased by 5.9% on land areas of Bohai Rim Region (the continent within 115.2°E–124.3°E and 36.1°N–41.6°N) due to ship emissions. The contributions show distinctive seasonal variations of contributions, presenting highest in summer (12.5%) followed by spring (6.9%) and autumn (3.3%), and lowest in winter (0.9%). The contribution reaches up to 10.7% along the shoreline and down to 1.0% 200km inland. After examining the statistics of the modeling results during heavy and non-heavy haze days in July, it was found that 6 out of 9 cities around the Bohai Rim Region were observed with higher contributions from ship emissions during heavy haze days compared with non-heavy haze days. These results indicate that the impacts of ship emissions on the ambient PM2.5 are non-negligible, especially for heavy haze days for most coastal cities in the Bohai Rim Region.
Display omitted
•Impact of ship emissions on PM2.5 in Bohai Rim Region (BRR) was estimated by WRF/Chem.•Ship emission inventory with high spatiotemporal resolution was developed in the area.•Average contribution of ship emissions to PM2.5 in land areas of BRR was 5.9% in 2014.•The average contributions were 10.7% along the shoreline and down to 1.0% 200km inland.•Ship contributions in most coastal cities were bigger in haze period than other days.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
We introduce the author keyword coupling analysis (AKCA) method to visualize the field of information science (2006–2015). We then compare the AKCA method with the author bibliographic coupling ...analysis (ABCA) method in terms of first- and all-author citation counts. We obtain the following findings: (1) The AKCA method is a new and feasible method for visualizing a discipline's structure, and the ABCA and AKCA methods have their respective strengths and emphases. The relation within the ABCA method is based on the same references (knowledge base), whereas that within the AKCA method is based on the same keywords (lexical linguistic). The AKCA method appears to provide a less detailed picture, and more uneven sub-areas of a discipline structure. The relationships between authors are narrow and direct and feature multiple levels in AKCA. (2) All-author coupling provides a comprehensive picture; thus, a complete view of a discipline structure may require both first- and all-author coupling analyses. (3) Information science evolved continuously during the second decade of the World Wide Web. The KDA (knowledge domain analysis) camp became remarkably prominent, while the IR camp (information retrieval) experienced a further decline in hard IR research, and became significantly smaller; Patent analysis and Open Access emerged during this period. Mapping of Science and Bibliometric evaluation also experienced substantial growth.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Real-time large-scale point cloud segmentation is an important but challenging task for practical applications such as remote sensing and robotics. Existing real-time methods have achieved acceptable ...performance by aggregating local information. However, most of them only exploit local spatial geometric or semantic information dependently, few considering the complementarity of both. In this paper, we propose a model named Spatial–Semantic Incorporation Network (SSI-Net) for real-time large-scale point cloud segmentation. A Spatial-Semantic Cross-correction (SSC) module is introduced in SSI-Net as a basic unit. High-quality contextual features can be learned through SSC by correcting and updating high-level semantic information using spatial geometric cues and vice versa. Adopting the plug-and-play SSC module, we design SSI-Net as an encoder–decoder architecture. To ensure efficiency, it also adopts a random sample-based hierarchical network structure. Extensive experiments on several prevalent indoor and outdoor datasets for point cloud semantic segmentation demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve state-of-the-art performance.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The main challenge for semantic segmentation based on deep learning is how to encode effective representation due to the nature of point cloud. This letter proposes a plug‐and‐play module to ...information from local, multi‐scale context, and interdependency to make up for the deficiency. Given an intermediate feature, our module first performs a multi‐scale context layer to adaptive density variance and gets rich contextual information. Then, our module infers attention masks along two dimensions, channel and pointwise in parallel. The attention masks are performed on the input features for further cultivation. Through this module, we can refine features from different perspectives. Experiments conducted on the Stanford 3D Indoor Semantics dataset demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. The results show that our method can achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
During global health crises, such as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, rapid spread of misinformation on social media has occurred. The misinformation associated with COVID-19 has been ...analyzed, but little attention has been paid to developing a comprehensive analytical framework to study its spread on social media.
We propose an elaboration likelihood model-based theoretical model to understand the persuasion process of COVID-19-related misinformation on social media.
The proposed model incorporated the central route feature (content feature) and peripheral features (including creator authority, social proof, and emotion). The central-level COVID-19-related misinformation feature included five topics: medical information, social issues and people's livelihoods, government response, epidemic spread, and international issues. First, we created a dataset of COVID-19 pandemic-related misinformation based on fact-checking sources and a dataset of posts that contained this misinformation on real-world social media. Based on the collected posts, we analyzed the dissemination patterns.
Our dataset included 11,450 misinformation posts, with medical misinformation as the largest category (5,359; 46.8 %). Moreover, the results suggest that both the least (4,660/11,301; 41.2 %) and most (2,320/11301; 20.5 %) active users are prone to sharing misinformation. Further, posts related to international topics that have the greatest chance of producing a profound and lasting impact on social media possess the highest distribution depth (depthmax=14) and width (widthmax=2,355). Additionally, 97% (2,364/2,437) of the spread is characterized by radiation dissemination.
Our proposed model and findings could help to combat the spread of misinformation by detecting suspicious users and identifying propagation characteristics.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
The objective of this literature review was to summarise current research regarding how consumers seek health‐related information from social media. Primarily, we hope to reveal ...characteristics of existing studies investigating the health topics that consumers have discussed in social media, ascertaining the roles social media have played in consumers’ information‐seeking processes and discussing the potential benefits and concerns of accessing consumer health information in social media.
Methods
The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for existing literature on consumer health information seeking in social media. The search returned 214 articles, of which 21 met the eligibility criteria following review of full‐text documents.
Conclusion
Between 2011 and 2016, twenty‐one studies published explored various topics related to consumer information seeking in social media. These ranged from online discussions on specific diseases (e.g. diabetes) to public health concerns (e.g. pesticide residues). Consumers’ information needs vary depending on the health issues of interest. Benefits of health seeking on social media, in addition to filling a need for health information, include the social and emotional support health consumers gain from peer‐to‐peer interactions. These benefits, however, are tempered by concerns of information quality and authority and lead to decreased consumer engagement.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We present herein a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe (1) for benzoyl peroxide (BPO). Probe 1 was obtained by coupling the recognition unit of arylboronate to a benzothiazole-derived fluorophore. ...The probe solution is colorless and displays weak blue fluorescence at 460 nm. Upon the addition of BPO, the arylboronate substituent can be removed via oxidation and 1,4-elimination processes. The released fluorophore emits strong yellow-greenish fluorescence at 546 nm. The ratiometric response of the probe is highly selective and sensitive for BPO. The dynamic range was fitted over 1.0 – 75.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.26 μM. In addition, the probe was applied to quantitative detection of BPO in real samples of wheat flour and an antimicrobial agent. Cellular experiments further demonstrated that probe 1 can be effectively utilized for imaging BPO in living cells.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Display omitted
•Five generation pyrite occur in four stages during its mineralization was identified.•Te is an important scavenger of Au in under the conditions of high Te fugacity.•The Te-Bi ...minerals vertical distribution shows upper Ag and lower Bi.•Au-Ag-Te-Bi enrichment suggests mantle-derived magmatic of ore-forming fluids/metals.•S and Te fugacity are the factors governing the formation of telluride assemblages.
The Laowan Au − Ag − Te deposit (containing greater than 100 t Au), located at the center of the Qinling − Dabie orogenic belt in central China, represents a breakthrough in gold prospecting in the Tongbai district. A tunnel geological survey and microscope-based mineral identification, combined with EMPA/EDS mapping and LA-ICP-MS analysis, were used in this study to determine the mineral types present. The sequence of formation and symbiosis were determined using the Au-hosting mineral geochemical element typomorphism to provide a basis for Au enrichment and the sources of material and ore − forming fluids. The results indicate that: (1) Tellurides were widespread in the main metallogenic auriferous pyrites, consisting of petzite, calaverite, tellurobismuthite, tetradymite, volynskite, and hessite. The vertical zonation of different telluride combinations indicates that mineral distribution shows the vertical zoning characteristics of upper Ag and lower Bi. (2) Petrographic analyses indicate that 5 generations of pyrite formed during the ore-forming stage (Py1, Py2, Py3, Py4, and Py5). LA-ICP-MS analytical data showed that Py3 and Py4 were rich in Au − Ag − Bi − Te, with a correlation between gold and tellurium. Auriferous pyrites were rich in both As and Te, and the enrichment of Au was unrelated to As. Te is an important scavenger of gold, the effect of As is not obvious. (3) From 250 °C to 200 °C, logfTe2 and logfS2 decreased from − 13.0 to − 8.3 and − 14.7 to − 8.6 to − 15.2 to − 11.2 and − 16.7 to − 10.5, respectively. fTe2, fS2 and temperature were the conditions controlling variations in the telluride combination. (4) The occurrence of tellurides, the correlation of Au − Ag − Bi − Te elements and enrichment of Te and Bi, combined with previous isotopic geochemical data, indicate that the ore-forming fluids and metals might be stemmed from the mantle-derived magmatic system, which could have provided materials, sufficient heat energy, volatiles, and components for the gold mineralisation.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
PDF
