The rescattering of backward stimulated Raman scattering (BSRS) by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is found in the high electron density region by relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell simulation and ...particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, where the BSRS is in the regime of absolute instability and dominates in all the scatterings. Both one dimension (1D) Vlasov simulation and two dimension (2D) PIC simulation have been given to verify that there exists SBS of BSRS in the regime of absolute instability for BSRS. The SBS of BSRS will be even stronger than forward stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) and SBS in regime of absolute instability for BSRS. Thus, besides Langmuir decay instability and laser energy absorption, the SBS of BSRS is also an important saturation mechanism of BSRS in high electron density region.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A cyano-bridged {FeIII 2CoII 2} complex exhibits reversible thermally and photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer. Its desolvated, MeOH-d 4, and other analogues were compared to disclose the ...impact factors on the electron-transfer behavior of these {FeIII 2CoII 2} clusters.
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PEGylation of proteins has become an increasingly important technology in recent years. However, determination and characterization of the PEGylation products are problematic especially for the ...reaction mixture containing various modified proteins, unreacted PEG, and unmodified protein. A comparative study was carried out with two HPLC methods and two electrophoresis methods for characterization of the reaction mixture in PEGylation of HSA with PEG 5000, 10000, and 20000. RP-HPLC fails to give the correct information about the reaction of PEG 20000. Size-exclusion HPLC (SE-HPLC) produced very poor resolution on the PEG 5000 reaction. SDS-PAGE can run multiple samples of all PEGylation but the bands were smeared or broadened probably due to the interaction between PEG and SDS. On the other hand, native PAGE eliminates the problem of PEG-SDS interaction and provides better resolutions for all samples. Various PEGylated products and unmodified protein migrate differentially in native PAGE under nondenatured conditions. The results demonstrated that native PAGE could be a good alternative to HPLC and SDS-PAGE for the analysis of PEG-protein conjugates especially for characterization of the PEGylation mixture.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A low-shrinkage and viscosity-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer was synthesized with maleic anhydride (MAH), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and methoxypoly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate ...(MPEGnMA). The surface tension, early shrinkage, cement paste performance, and application performance of concrete made with the synthesized water-reducing admixture were tested. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the optimal range of plastic viscosity coefficients for producing high-quality, fair-faced concrete with minimal surface defects. These experiments utilized both the synthesized water-reducing admixture alone and in combination with other water-reducing agents. The results showed that the synthesized water-reducing admixture had an ideal molecular structure, as confirmed by the GPC spectrum. When added to an aqueous solution, it reduced the surface tension from 72.47 mN/m to 30.56 mN/m. The 72 h shrinkage value of concrete was reduced by 20.6% compared with that of the conventional control group, effectively reducing shrinkage and adjusting the viscosity of the concrete mixture. Additionally, the influence of the plastic viscosity coefficient on the apparent voids in fair-faced concrete was investigated. This study revealed that when the plastic viscosity coefficient was between 5 and 10 Pa·s, the apparent void grade of the fair-faced concrete was simultaneously excellent and good. This water-reducing admixture helped prevent surface cracking and voids in fair-faced concrete, making it a suitable choice for producing high-quality fair-faced concrete surfaces.
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► Preparation of europium(III) complexes with β-diketone ligand and 2,2-dipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline. ► Fluorescent properties of the europium(III) complexes. ► Analysis of the ...intensity parameters (Ωλ), the lifetime (τ) and the luminescent quantum yield (η).
The β-diketone ligand, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione (MPPD), and its binary Eu(III) complexes Eu(MPPD)3, ternary complexes Eu(MPPD)3·Bipy with 2,2-dipyridine (Bipy) and Eu(MPPD)3·Phen with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) were prepared. The complexes were characterized with by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV–vis absorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ESI-MS and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. TGA results showed that these complexes have good thermal stability. The emission spectra for complexes 2–4 exhibited the characteristic emission bands that arise from the 5D0→7FJ (J=0–4) transitions of the europium ion in solid state and chloroform solution. Based on the emission spectra in solid state, the Eu(III) ion could be sensitized efficiently by the ligands to some extent, in particular, in the ternary system, the secondary ligands Bipy and Phen acting as a light-harvesting center was involved in the highly efficient energy transfer process. In addition, the experimental intensity parameters, Ω2 and Ω4 were calculated from the fluorescence emission spectra. The radiative decay rate Arad, the nonradiative rates Anrad, the lifetime (τ) and the luminescent quantum yield (η) were determined and analyzed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Clubroot, caused by
, is a major disease that significantly impairs the yield of cruciferous crops and causes significant economic losses across the globe. The prevention of clubroot, especially in ...tumorous stem mustard (without resistant varieties), are is limited and primarily relies on fungicides. Engineered nanoparticles have opened up new avenues for the management of plant diseases, but there is no report on their application in the prevention of clubroot. The results showed that the control efficacy of 500 mg/L MgO NPs against clubroot was 54.92%. However, when the concentration was increased to 1,500 and 2,500 mg/L, there was no significant change in the control effect. Compared with CK, the average fresh and dry weight of the aerial part of plants treated with MgO NPs increased by 392.83 and 240.81%, respectively. Compared with the F1000 treatment, increases were observed in the content of soil available phosphorus (+16.72%), potassium (+9.82%), exchangeable magnesium (+24.20%), and water-soluble magnesium (+20.64%) in the 1,500 mg/L MgO NPs treatment. The enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that the application of MgO NPs significantly increased soil peroxidase (POD, +52.69%), alkaline protease (AP, +41.21%), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, +79.26%), urease (+52.69%), and sucrase (+56.88%) activities; And also increased plant L-phenylalanine ammonla-lyase (PAL, +70.49%), polyphenol oxidase (PPO, +36.77%), POD (+38.30%), guaiacol peroxidase (POX, +55.46%) activities and salicylic acid (SA, +59.86%) content. However, soil and plant catalase (CAT, -27.22 and - 19.89%, respectively), and plant super oxidase dismutase (SOD, -36.33%) activities were significantly decreased after the application of MgO NPs. The metagenomic sequencing analysis showed that the MgO NPs treatments significantly improved the α-diversity of the rhizosphere soil microbial community. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria genera in the rhizosphere soil, including
,
,
, Var
, and
, was significantly increased. Soil metabolic functions, such as oxidative phosphorylation (ko00190), carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes (ko00720), indole alkaloid biosynthesis (ko00901), and biosynthesis of various antibiotics (ko00998) were significantly enriched. These results suggested that MgO NPs might control clubroot by promoting the transformation and utilization of soil nutrients, stimulating plant defense responses, and enriching soil beneficial bacteria.
Target normal sheath field acceleration via laser interaction with structured solid targets has been widely studied for its potential use in a wide range of applications. Here, a novel nanowire ...target with a corrugated front surface is proposed to improve the proton acceleration by a target normal sheath field. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrated that with the existence of the corrugated surface, the cut-off energy of accelerated protons nearly doubles compared to the planar nanowire target. When interacting with the corrugated surface, the incident laser pulse is reflected multiple times, focused and reinforced in each cavity near the front surface, which leads to suppression of the reflectivity and an improvement in the absorption rate. Electrons are heated more efficiently and the sheath field at the target rear side is naturally enhanced. To further investigate the performance of this novel target, a series of simulations with various laser intensities and target sizes were also carried out. This simple target design may provide insights for experiments in the future and should arouse interest because of its wide application.
Abstract
In laser-driven inertial confinement fusion, driving pressure boosting and smoothing are major challenges. A proposed hybrid-drive (HD) scheme can offer such ideal HD pressure performing ...stable implosion and nonstagnation ignition. Here we report that in the hemispherical and planar ablator targets installed in the semicylindrical hohlraum scaled down from the spherical hohlraum of the designed ignition target, under indirect-drive (ID) laser energies of ~43–50 kJ, the peak radiation temperature of 200 ± 6 eV is achieved. And using only direct-drive (DD) laser energies of 3.6–4.0 kJ at an intensity of 1.8 × 10
15
W/cm
2
, in the hemispherical and planar targets the boosted HD pressures reach 3.8–4.0 and 3.5–3.6 times the radiation ablation pressure respectively. In all the above experiments, significant HD pressure smoothing and the important phenomenon of how a symmetric strong HD shock suppresses the asymmetric ID shock pre-compressed fuel are demonstrated. The backscattering and hot-electron energy fractions both of which are about one-third of that in the DD scheme are also measured.
Monitoring the interaction behaviors of network traffic flows and detecting unwanted Internet applications and anomalous flows have become more challenging, since many applications obfuscate their ...network flow by using unregistered port numbers or payload encryption. In this paper, the temporal locality complex network model—TLCN is proposed as a way to monitor, analyze and visualize network flows. In TLCN, the TLCN node/edge filtering mechanisms are provided to describe the interactions of different levels of flows, and a method of temporal locality window determination is designed for constructing an effective TLCN structure to flow interactions. Then, the statistical characteristics and dynamic behaviors of the TLCNs are studied to represent the ability of structure representing of TLCN to flow interactions. According to the analysis of TLCN statistical characteristics with different Internet applications, we found that the weak interaction flows prefer to form the small-world TLCN and the strong interaction flows prefer to the scale-free. In the studies of anomaly behaviors of TLCNs, the structure of attacked TLCNs can have a remarkable feature for three attack patterns, and the evolution of TLCNs exhibits a good consistency between TLCN structure and attack process. With the findings of TLCNs, we could develop novel methods for traffic classification and traffic anomaly detection based on flow interaction behaviors.
•A temporal locality complex network model is proposed.•The statistical characteristics of our model can determine Internet applications.•Our models from weak-and strong-interaction flows are proved to be small-world and scale-free separately.•The model structures from different attack patterns are analyzed.•The evolution of our model reveals attack behaviors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper investigated the effect of nano-calcium silicate hydrate (n-C-S-H) on the early compressive strength of mineral powder-cement systems under low-temperature curing conditions (5 °C). The ...hydration mechanism of n-C-S-H in the mineral powder-cement system at different dosages was analyzed by combining it with XRD, DSC-TG, MIP, and other techniques. The results show that n-C-S-H significantly enhances the early compressive strength of the mineral powder-cement system under low-temperature curing conditions, with optimal results observed at a dosage of 1.0% (mass fraction). The XRD, DSC-TG, and MIP tests reveal that n-C-S-H promotes the hydration of the mineral powder cement, accelerates the generation rate of hydration products, reduces the porosity of the hardened mineral powder-cement slurry, and improves the system's density.
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