A growing body of research contributes to our knowledge about unethical behavior. However, very little is known about how group-based competition shape members’ unethical behavior. Building on social ...learning theory, we conducted three studies to reveal how group-based competition may affect individual’s unethical behavior for their team. Study 1 and 2 are laboratory experiments in which participants were randomly assigned into groups of three members and engaged in group-based competition (or engaged in individual-based competition in an individual context) with monetary incentives. Different from individual-based competition where mean number of unethical behaviors for the self in the losing condition was larger than that in the winning condition, in group-based competition mean number of unethical behaviors in favor of group between the winning and the losing condition was not significantly different. Both studies also showed that there are less unethical behaviors in the group-based competition than in the individual-based competition. Study 2 further revealed that collective efficacy negatively associated with mean number of unethical behaviors in group-based competition. Study 3 was a field study with employees from bank subsidiaries working as teams, and results from their self-reported data confirm the relationship between collective efficacy and unethical behaviors observed in Study 2. Together, these results suggest that collective efficacy has the effect of curbing unethical behavior in group-based competition, thus contributing to the understanding of group-based experience on unethical behaviors.
The Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the southern Songliao Basin is the typical tight oil sandstone in China. For effective exploration, appraisal and production from such a tight oil sandstone, ...the diagenesis and reservoir quality must be thoroughly studied first. The tight oil sandstone has been examined by a variety of methods, including core and thin section observation, XRD, SEM, CL, fluorescence, electron probing analysis, fluid inclusion and isotope testing and quantitative determination of reservoir properties. The sandstones are mostly lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites with fine to medium grain size and moderate to good sorting. The sandstones are dominated by feldspar, quartz, and volcanic rock fragments showing various stages of disintegration. The reservoir properties are quite poor, with low porosity (average 8.54%) and permeability (average 0.493mD), small pore-throat radius (average 0.206μm) and high displacement pressure (mostly higher than 1MPa). The tight sandstone reservoirs have undergone significant diagenetic alterations such as compaction, feldspar dissolution, quartz cementation, carbonate cementation (mainly ferrocalcite and ankerite) and clay mineral alteration. As to the onset time, the oil emplacement was prior to the carbonate cementation but posterior to the quartz cementation and feldspar dissolution. The smectite to illite reaction and pressure solution at stylolites provide a most important silica sources for quartz cementation. Carbonate cements increase towards interbedded mudstones. Mechanical compaction has played a more important role than cementation in destroying the reservoir quality of the K1q4 sandstone reservoirs. Mixed-layer illite/smectite and illite reduced the porosity and permeability significantly, while chlorite preserved the porosity and permeability since it tends to be oil wet so that later carbonate cementation can be inhibited to some extent. It is likely that the oil emplacement occurred later than the tight rock formation (with the porosity close to 10%). However, thicker sandstone bodies (more than 2m) constitute potential hydrocarbon reservoirs.
•Quantitative diagenesis in the K1q4 sandstones was examined by a variety of methods.•Quartz cements formed from internal sources, and carbonate from external sources.•Diagenetic evolution history including oil emplacement process is reconstructed.•Compaction is more important than cementation in destroying the reservoir quality.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
For any positive integers
n
=
2
k
and
m
such that
m
≥
k
,
in this paper we show that the maximal number of bent components of any (
n
,
m
)-function is equal to
2
m
-
2
m
-
k
,
and for those ...attaining the equality, their algebraic degree is at most
k
. It is easily seen that all (
n
,
m
)-functions of the form
G
(
x
)
=
(
F
(
x
)
,
0
)
,
with
F
(
x
) being any vectorial bent (
n
,
k
)-function, have the maximal number of bent components. Those simple functions
G
are called trivial in this paper. We show that for a power (
n
,
n
)-function, it has the maximal number of bent components if and only if it is trivial. We also consider the (
n
,
n
)-function of the form
F
(
x
)
=
x
h
(
Tr
e
n
(
x
)
)
,
where
h
:
F
2
e
→
F
2
e
,
and show that
F
has the maximal number of bent components if and only if
e
=
k
,
and
h
is a permutation over
F
2
e
.
It essentially shows that all previously known nontrivial functions with maximal number of bent components are subclasses of the class described by
F
. Based on the Maiorana–McFarland class, we present constructions of large numbers of (
n
,
m
)-functions with maximal number of bent components for any integer
m
in bivariate representation. We also determine the differential spectra and Walsh spectra of the constructed functions. It turns out that our constructions can also provide new plateaued vectorial functions.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Yoneda algebras of almost Koszul algebras Lijing, Zheng
Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences. Mathematical sciences,
11/2015, Volume:
125, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Let
k
be an algebraically closed field,
A
a finite dimensional connected (
p
,
q
)-Koszul self-injective algebra with
p
,
q
≥2. In this paper, we prove that the Yoneda algebra of
A
is isomorphic to a ...twisted polynomial algebra
A
!
t
;
β
in one indeterminate
t
of degree
q
+1 in which
A
!
is the quadratic dual of
A
,
β
is an automorphism of
A
!
, and
t
b
=
β
(
b
)
t
for each
t
∈
A
!
. As a corollary, we recover Theorem 5.3 of
2
.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This article presents the microstructure and hardness variation of an Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si (wt%, FVS0812) alloy after selective laser melting (SLM) modification. Three zones were distinguished across ...the melting pool of the SLM-processed FVS0812 alloy: the laser melted zone (LMZ), the melting pool border, and the heat affected zone (HAZ) in the previously deposited area around the melting pool. Inside the LMZ, either an extremely fine cellular-dendritic structure or a mixture zone of the α-Al matrix and nanoscale Al12(Fe,V)3Si particles appeared. With a decreased laser beam scanning speed, the cellular-dendritic structure zone within the LMZ shrank significantly while the mixture zone expanded. The α-Al and Al12(Fe,V)3Si mixture zone was also observed in the HAZ, but another phase, submicron θ-Al13Fe4 particles with rectangular or hexagonal shapes, formed along the melting pool border. Microhardness tests indicated that the hardness of the SLM-processed FVS0812 samples far exceeded that of the as-cast FVS0812 alloy.
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The effect of carbon implantation on the corrosion behavior of M50NiL aerospace bearing steel through surface modification was investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron ...spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the composition and structure of the carbon-implanted layer. The corrosion properties of the untreated and carbon ion-implanted samples were evaluated by potentiodynamic curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which were carried out in 3.5% NaCl solution. Ion implantation of carbon in the M50NiL bearing steel yielded a distinct decrease of the corrosion current densities and an obvious increase of the polarization resistance. The experimental results indicated that the content of chromium oxide in the passive film increased with carbon implantation and that the intergranular corrosion was suppressed in the carbon-implanted sample. Better corrosion protection was observed in the carbon ion implantation sample.
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Memristor-based digital logic circuits open new pathways for exploring advanced computing architectures, which provide a promising alternative to conventional IC technology. In several ...memristor-based logic design methods, the memristor ratioed logic (MRL) is compatible with traditional CMOS technology. Two kinds of carry-lookahead adders (CLA) based on the hybrid CMOS-memristor structure are proposed, within which one is based on MRL logic, and the other is an improved one that is implemented by MRL universal gate (MRLUG). The proposed CLAs are verified by theoretical analyses and simulations, showing that the proposed design method requires fewer memristors and CMOSs than the IMP-based or CMOS-based CLAs, which means smaller circuit size and lower power consumption.
In this paper, we construct three classes of permutation quadrinomials with Niho exponents of the form
f
(
x
)
=
α
0
x
r
+
α
1
x
s
1
(
p
m
-
1
)
+
r
+
α
2
x
s
2
(
p
m
-
1
)
+
r
+
α
3
x
s
3
(
p
m
-
1
...)
+
r
∈
F
p
n
x
, where
p
is an odd prime,
n
=
2
m
is a positive even integer, and
(
r
,
s
1
,
s
2
,
s
3
)
=
(
1
,
-
1
p
k
-
2
,
1
,
p
k
-
1
p
k
-
2
)
,
(
1
,
p
k
+
1
p
k
+
2
,
1
,
1
p
k
+
2
)
and (3, 1, 2, 3), respectively. The exponents of the first two classes are considered for the first time, and the third class covers all the permutation polynomials proposed by Gupta (Designs Codes and Cryptography
88
, 1–17,
2020
).
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In this letter, we give a characterization for a generic construction of bent functions. This characterization enables us to obtain another efficient construction of bent functions and to give a ...positive answer on a problem of bent functions.
In the last decades, because of their significantly important applications, a large number of papers were devoted to constructing cryptographic functions with interesting properties by various ...methods. In this paper, our motivation is to construct more families of such functions up to EA-equivalence (extended affine equivalence) by using the properties of CCZ-equivalence (Carlet-Charpin-Zinoviev equivalence). To this end, we present two CCZ-equivalent forms, and show their applications on bent functions, vectorial functions having the maximum number of bent components, and vectorial plateaued functions with single amplitude, respectively.
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