Tumor progression requires the communication between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major components of stromal cells. CAFs contribute to ...metastasis process through direct or indirect interaction with tumor cells; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we reported that autophagy was upregulated in lung cancer-associated CAFs compared to normal fibroblasts (NFs), and autophagy was responsible for the promoting effect of CAFs on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell migration and invasion. Inhibition of CAFs autophagy attenuated their regulation on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis-related genes of NSCLC cells. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secreted by CAFs mediated CAFs' effect on lung cancer cell invasion, demonstrated by using recombinant HMGB1, HMGB1 neutralizing antibody, and HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin (GA). Importantly, the autophagy blockade of CAFs revealed that HMGB1 release was dependent on autophagy. We also found HMGB1 was responsible, at least in part, for autophagy activation of CAFs, suggesting CAFs remain active through an autocrine HMGB1 loop. Further study demonstrated that HMGB1 facilitated lung cancer cell invasion by activating the NFκB pathway. In a mouse xenograft model, the autophagy specific inhibitor chloroquine abolished the stimulating effect of CAFs on tumor growth. These results elucidated an oncogenic function for secretory autophagy in lung cancer-associated CAFs that promotes metastasis potential, and suggested HMGB1 as a novel therapeutic target.
Purpose/Significance The publication of policy documents of breaking through the evaluation criteria based on" only thesis, only professional title, only academic degree, only awards" and "only SCI " ...has triggered extensive discussions among academic researchers. Scholars' discussions are logical and thorough, which can be used as a reference for the further improvement of talent evaluation and institutional evaluation policies. Methods/Process This paper comprehensively adopted the literature research method, analyzed scholars' views and comments on policy documents, classified scholars' concerns, and proposed suggestions based on the current status of scientific research evaluation. Results/Conclusions The paper proposed to improve the classification and evaluation methods, promote the implementation of the representative work system, optimize the allocation of scientific research resources, strengthen the cultivation of domestic journals, establish a comprehensive evaluation system, and strengthen ac
Extracting value-added products from microorganisms is an important research focus for the future. Among the many extraction methods, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has attracted more attention ...owing to its advantages in reducing working time, increasing yield, and improving the quality of the extract. This review summarizes the use of UAE value-added products from microorganisms, with the main extracted substances are pigments, lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins. In addition, this work also summarizes the mechanism of UAE and highlights the factors that affect UAE operation, such as ultrasonic power intensity or power density, operation mode, and energy consumption, which need to be considered. All extraction products from microorganisms showed that UAE can effectively improve the extraction yields of value-added products. It also highlights the existing problems of the technology and possible future prospects. In general, the UAE of value-added substances from microorganisms is feasible and has the potential for development.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Low molecular weight, highly crosslinked silicone resins are widely used as reinforcing agents for highly transparent elastomers and adhesion/tack promoters in gels. The resins are complex mixtures ...and their structure / property relationships are ill defined. We report the synthesis of a library of 2, 3 and 4-fold hyperbranched polymeric oils that are comprised of linear, lightly branched or highly branched dendronic structures. Rheological examination of the fluids and tack measurements of gels filled with 10, 25 or 50% dendronic oils were made. Viscosity of the hyperbranched oils themselves was related to molecular weight, but more significantly to branch density. The properties are driven by chain entanglement. When cured into a silicone gel, less densely branched materials were more effective in improving tack than either linear oils or Me
SiO-rich, very highly branched oils of comparable molecular weight, because the latter oils underwent phase separation.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Metal exposure were assumed to be closely related with declined renal function, but the conclusions were controversial. We employed diverse statistical models and assessed the association between ...metal mixture exposure and mild renal impairment.
A total of 13 plasma metals were measured in 896 general population from Southern China. Subjects with estimated glomerular filtration rate within 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio <30 mg/g creatinine were defined as mild renal impairment (MRI).
About 31.47 % participants showed MRI. In the multivariate logistic regression models, compared with the first quartile, high levels of arsenic and molybdenum (the fourth quartile) were both associated with MRI, and the ORs (95 % CI) were 1.68 (1.05, 2.68) and 2.21 (1.40, 3.48), respectively. Their predominant roles were identified by the weighted quantile regression (WQS). Besides, restricted cubic spline analysis verified the relationship between molybdenum level and increased MRI risk in a linear and dose-response manner.
High levels of arsenic and molybdenum might be independent risk factors of MRI, and they showed combined effect. Our findings might provide vigorous evidence in preventing mild decline in renal function.
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•High levels of As and Mo were positively related with MRI.•Mo showed linear dose-response relationship with MRI.•Mo and As were two predominant metals associated with the increased risk of MRI.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The erosion of the valve core causes valve failure problems. Thus, a novel method to extend the erosion resistance of the valve was innovatively proposed, namely, nanosecond laser ablation micro-pits ...on the substrate surface and high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying WC coating to extend the erosion resistance of the valve. The characterization and evaluation of the erosion resistance of the WC-sprayed coating after the pretreatment of the 3Cr13 substrate surface polishing/grit blasting/nanosecond laser ablation circular micro-dimple were conducted using the unit coupon erosion test of liquid-solid two-phase flow, followed by the test evaluation and analysis of the erosion resistance test of the WC coating after different pretreatments of the full-size valve core. Results showed that the micro-dimple pretreatment on the surface of the 3Cr13 substrate increased the contact area rate and bonding strength of the substrate and the WC coating. By taking erosion volume loss as the evaluation index, the erosion resistance of the micro-dimple pretreatment on the surface of the 3Cr13 substrate was increased by about 31.98% compared with that of the polishing pretreatment. Therefore, the new method of surface nanosecond laser texture pretreatment and HVOF-spraying WC coating can effectively improve the erosion resistance of the valve.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Volume overload in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. If left untreated, it can result in premature technique failure in patients receiving ...PD. Practitioners should be aware of common causes and formulate a stepwise approach in the management of volume overload.
Drain valves mounted onto the blow-off pipelines of natural gas gathering plants are often used to discharge deposited particles in separators. Particle flows (greater than 0.01 kg/s) always lead to ...inner and even outer leakage owing to erosion hot spots in the valve body and valve core. In this study, various approaches, including online particle monitoring experiments, ultrasonic wall thickness measurements, and flow control methods were used to investigate valve erosion hot spots in field experiments. Numerical simulations with a large-scale moving grid method were conducted to demonstrate the dynamic erosion in a compressible gas flow. The results reveal that the erosion hot spots continuously shifted to nearby areas during the surface evolution. The local erosion rate of the original erosion hot spots always exhibited a decreasing trend, while the erosion rates of the nearby hot zones exhibited an increasing–decreasing trend. The erosion rate of the erosion-deformed zones that suffered delayed particle impacts always exhibited an increasing trend. When the pressure increased from 0.5 MPa to 3.5 MPa, the erosion hot spots shifted to Point_B 3. The velocity contour considering the gas compressibility was also determined for this process, and the gas velocity spraying to the facing wall was successfully created. The Oka erosion model was combined with the moving grid method and validated as the most appropriate method for predicting erosion hot spots. As time evolved, the operational flow rate of a 10% valve opening at 46,080 s was equal to the flow rate of a 40% opening at 0 s. On the basis of this relationship, the entire failure process of the valve was accurately obtained using a semi-empirical method. Finally, two novel valve structures are proposed to create a strong erosion–absorbing effect and thereby weaken the erosion hot spot of the valve.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) is an important pathway of carbon (C) dioxide release from terrestrial soils to the atmosphere. It is often measured using sieved soil in a laboratory, but the ...uncertainty of how it is influenced by soil sieving persists, which limits the accuracy of predicting soil organic C dynamics in C models. To address how soil sieving during laboratory incubation affects Rh and its response to increased carbon availability, we investigated Rh in sieved and intact soil cores and its response to 13C-glucose addition. This was conducted through a 27-day laboratory incubation in four forests, including two ectomycorrhizal-dominated (ECM) forests and two arbuscular mycorrhizal-dominated forests. The significant influence of soil sieving on Rh in all forests was not observed during incubation when glucose was not added. After adding glucose, the Rh in the sieved soils on the 5th day of incubation was averaged 27.2% lower than that in intact soils in ECM forests. On the 27th day it was 22.1% lower in the Pinus massoniana forest, but 78.0% higher in the Castanea mollissima forest. Strong relationships were detected between Rh in sieved and intact soils (r2 = 0.888), and in soils both with and without the addition of glucose (r2 = 0.827). The measured soil variables explained 74.7% and 49.7% of the variation in Rh on the 5th and 27th day of incubation, and the role of soil nutrients and microbial PLFA groups in regulating Rh varied temporally. Our findings suggest that plant mycorrhizal types influenced the role of increased C availability to microbes in regulating the response of Rh to sieving in forest ecosystems.
The gut microbiota is involved in the production of numerous metabolites that maintain host wellbeing. The assembly of the gut microbiome is highly dynamic, and influenced by many postnatal factors, ...moreover, little is known about the development of the gut metabolome. We showed that geography has an important influence on the microbiome dynamics in the first year of life based on two independent cohorts from China and Sweden. Major compositional differences since birth were the high relative abundance of Bacteroides in the Swedish cohort and Streptococcus in the Chinese cohort. We analyzed the development of the fecal metabolome in the first year of life in the Chinese cohort. Lipid metabolism, especially acylcarnitines and bile acids, was the most abundant metabolic pathway in the newborn gut. Delivery mode and feeding induced particular differences in the gut metabolome since birth. In contrast to C-section newborns, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were abundant at newborn age only in vaginally delivered infants, associated by the presence of bacteria such as Bacteroides vulgatus and Parabacteroides merdae. Our data provide a basis for understanding the maturation of the fecal metabolome and the metabolic role of gut microbiota in infancy.
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