Irregularly shaped microplastics (MPs) released from infant feeding bottles (PP-IFBs) may exhibit increased cytotoxicity, in contrast to the commonly studied spherical MPs. This study presents an ...initial analysis of the thermal-oxidative aging process of plastic shedding from feeding bottles, and investigates the inflammatory response induced by these atypical MPs in human intestinal cells (Caco-2). The PP-IFBs' surface displayed non-uniform white patches and increased roughness, revealing substantial structural alteration and shedding, especially during actions such as shaking, boiling water disinfection, and microwave heating. FT-IR and 2D-COS analyses revealed that oxygen targeted the C-H and C-C bonds of polypropylene molecular chain, producing RO· and ·OH, thereby hastening polypropylene degradation. When human intestinal cells were exposed to MPs from PP-IFBs, oxidative stress was triggered, resulting in lowered glutathione levels, augmented reactive oxygen species (ROS), and heightened lipid peroxidation. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) signified an active inflammatory process. The inflammatory response was notably more intense when exposed to MPs released through boiling water disinfection and microwave heating treatments, primarily due to the larger quantity of MPs released and their higher proportion of smaller particles. Furthermore, the NLRP3 inflammasome was identified as critical in initiating this inflammatory chain reaction due to the mitochondrial ROS surge caused by MPs exposure. This was further validated by inhibitor studies, emphasizing the role of the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway in in promoting intestinal inflammation. Therefore, swift actions are recommended to protect infants against the potential health effects of MPs exposure.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Spinel-phase Zn
2
Ga
2.98−
x
Ge
0.75
O
8
:Cr
0.020
,Pr
x
(ZGGO:Cr
3+
,Pr
3+
) near infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) with different amounts of Pr
3+
dopant were prepared by ...a hydrothermal method in combination with a subsequent annealing in a vacuum. For these nanoparticles, the averaged particle size decreases from 64 to 37 nm with increasing Pr
3+
doping concentration from 0 to 0.025 and Cr
3+
and Pr
3+
ions are uniformly doped into the interior and surface of a single nanoparticle. It can be found that Pr
3+
doping leads to the appearance of more anti-site pairs (
) around distorted octahedral Cr
3+
ions and enhanced NIR emissions around 697 nm, which originate from the
2
E(
2
G) →
4
A
2
(
4
F) and
4
T
2
(
4
F) →
4
A
2
(
4
F) transitions of the interior and surface Cr
3+
ions in the nanoparticles. In particular, for the interior Cr
3+
ions in the Pr
3+
doped nanoparticles, the enhanced NIR luminescence can be attributed to the suppressed energy transfer of the excited electrons from the
4
T
2
(
4
F) level to the trap level related to anti-site pairs (
) around the distorted octahedral Cr
3+
ions. Our results suggest that Pr
3+
doped ZGGO:Cr
3+
PLNPs have potential applications for bio-imaging.
The improved near infrared persistent luminescence of ZGGO:Cr
3+
nanoparticles achieved by adopting a Pr
3+
doping strategy facilitates deep tissue bio-imaging.
In recent years, non-cooperative objects, such as failed satellites and space junk, can be detected in space. These objects are usually manipulated or collected by free-floating dual-arm space ...manipulators. Reinforcement learning methods show more promise in trajectory planning for space manipulators as difficulties in modeling and manual parameter tuning have been recently surmounted. Although previous studies demonstrated their effectiveness, they cannot be applied to track dynamic targets with unknown rotation (non-cooperative objects). In this paper, we proposed a learning system for free-floating dual-arm space manipulator motion planning against non-cooperative objects. Specifically, our method consists of two modules. Module I realizes the multi-target trajectory planning for two end-effectors within a large target space. Next, Module II takes the point clouds of the non-cooperative object as input to estimate the motional properties, and then the location of the target points on the non-cooperative object can be predicted. Target points on rotating objects with unknown rotation can be successfully tracked by the end-effectors through the combination of Module I and Module II. Furthermore, experiments also demonstrate the scalability and generalization of our learning system.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Recently, elemental doping has proven to be an efficient method to improve the electrochemical performance of nanomaterials. In this work, we successfully synthesized Ni1-xCoxMoO4 with tunable ...morphologies through Co-doping by a facile chemical co-precipitation method, among which Ni0.85Co0.15MoO4 displays an excellent specific capacitance (1301 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), which is higher than NiMoO4 electrode (1050.4 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and Ni0.7Co0.3MoO4 electrode (755.2 F g−1 at 1 A g−1). In addition, Ni0.85Co0.15MoO4 electrode shows excellent cycling stability with 86% retention of its original capacitance after 3000 cycles. Additionally, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device can be fabricated using Ni0.85Co0.15MoO4/nickel foam (Ni0.85Co0.15MoO4/NF) as positive electrode and active carbon/nickel foam (AC/NF) as negative electrode. The as-fabricated ASC achieves a high energy density of 37.26 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 400 W kg−1, highlighting its potential application for the efficient energy storage devices.
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•This work proposed a facile chemical co-precipitation method for the synthesis of Ni1-xCoxMoO4 with tunable morphologies.•Different morphologies of Ni1-xCoxMoO4 were obtained by adjusting the Co doping ratio.•The Ni0.85Co0.15MoO4 electrode exhibits excellent specific capacitance of 1301 F g−1 at 1 A g−1.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Cyclobutanones are synthetically versatile compounds that often require extensive effort to access. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of cyclobutanones based on the C(sp3)−H insertion chemistry of ...oxidatively generated gold carbenes. Various cyclobutanones were obtained in synthetically useful yields from substrates with minimal structural prefunctionalization. This discovery reveals new synthetic utilities of gold‐catalyzed oxidative transformations of alkynones.
Insertion into unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds by metal carbenes/carbenoids is a reaction of significant synthetic value. In this study, easily accessible alkynone substrates are converted into strained cyclobutanones through such an insertion by an oxidatively generated β‐diketone‐α‐gold carbene. This reaction serves as a benign and more synthetically expedient alternative to diazo‐based approaches.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The influence of different iron carbides on the activity and selectivity of iron-based Fischer–Tropsch catalysts has been studied. Different iron carbide phases are obtained by the pretreatment of a ...binary Fe/SiO2 model catalyst (prepared by coprecipitation method) to different gas atmospheres (syngas, CO, or H2). The phase structures, compositions, and particle sizes of the catalysts are characterized systematically by XRD, XAFS, MES, and TEM. It is found that in the syngas-treated catalyst only χ-Fe5C2 carbide is formed. In the CO-treated catalyst, Fe7C3 and χ-Fe5C2 with a bimodal particle size distribution are formed, while the H2-treated catalyst exhibits the bimodal size distributed ε-Fe2C and χ-Fe5C2 after a Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction. The intrinsic FTS activity is calculated and assigned to each corresponding iron carbide based on the phase composition and the particle size. It is identified that Fe7C3 has the highest intrinsic activity (TOF = 4.59 × 10–2 s–1) among the three candidate carbides (ε-Fe2C, Fe7C3, and χ-Fe5C2) in typical medium-temperature Fischer–Tropsch (MTFT) conditions (260–300 °C, 2–3 MPa, and H2/CO = 2). Moreover, FTS over ε-Fe2C leads to the lowest methane selectivity.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Our previous studies showed that macrophages (MФs), especially myeloma-associated MФs (MAMs), induce chemoresistance in human myeloma. Here we explored the potential of targeting MФs, by using ...colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-blocking mAbs, to treat myeloma. Our results showed that CSF1R blockade specifically inhibited the differentiation, proliferation and survival of murine M2 MФs and MAMs, and repolarized MAMs towards M1-like MФs in vitro. CSF1R blockade alone inhibited myeloma growth in vivo, by partially depleting MAMs, polarizing MAMs to the M1 phenotype, and inducing a tumor-specific cytotoxic CD4
T-cell response. Similarly, genetically depleting MФs in myeloma-bearing MM
mice retarded myeloma growth in vivo. Furthermore, the combination of CSF1R blockade and chemotherapy such as bortezomib or melphalan displayed an additive therapeutic efficacy against established myeloma. Finally, a fully human CSF1R blocking mAb, similar to its murine counterpart, was able to inhibit the differentiation, proliferation and survival of human MФs. Thus, this study provides the first direct in vivo evidence that MΦs and MAMs are indeed important for myeloma development and progression. Our results also suggest that targeting MAMs by CSF1R blocking mAbs may be promising methods to (re)sensitize myeloma cells to chemotherapy and promote anti-myeloma immune responses in patients.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Here we report the construction of a kind of electrode material with excellent capacitive performance composed of Ni, Co and Al layered double hydroxide (NiCoAl-LDH) nanosheets branched on Cu2+1O ...nanorod arrays (Cu2+1O@NiCoAl-LDH) on copper foam current collector, which is obtained via an easy in situ chemical oxidation reaction in combination with hydrothermal method. The as-prepared Cu2+1O@NiCoAl-LDH electrode presents observably enhanced electrochemical performance with an outstanding specific capacitance (2932 F g−1 at 0.75 A g−1), and extraordinary cycling stability (94.27% of the initial capacitance maintained after GCD test for 6000 cycles), which are much superior to those of Cu(OH)2 and Cu2+1O@NiCo-LDH electrodes. Additionally, the Cu2+1O@NiCoAl-LDH nanorod arrays, as a positive electrode material, can also be utilized to assemble a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device with an activated carbon (AC) electrode (negative electrode). The energy density of the assembled HSC device can up to 61.83 Wh kg−1 with a working voltage of 1.5 V, meanwhile the power density is 749.93 W kg−1. Furthermore, a few Light Emitting Diode (LED) indicators with different shape combination can be lit up by the assembled HSC devices, demonstrating the practicability of the HSC device.
A three-dimensional hierarchical core-shell electrode material composed of Cu2+1O nanorod arrays branched with NiCoAl-LDH nanosheets exhibits superb capacitance, fast rates, remarkable cycling stability and potential applications. Display omitted
•Hierarchical Cu2+1O@NiCoAl-LDH nanorod arrays are in situ generated on 3D Cu foams.•Cu2+1O@NiCoAl-LDH electrode exhibits superb supercapacitive performance.•The fabricated HSC device demonstrates promising practical applicability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
It had been shown that lentinan (LNT) was mainly distributed in the liver after intravenous administration. The study aimed to investigate the integrated metabolic processes and mechanisms of LNT in ...the liver, as these have not been thoroughly explored. In current work, 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl amino) fluorescein and cyanine 7 were used to label LNT for tracking its metabolic behavior and mechanisms. Near-infrared imaging demonstrated that LNT was captured mainly by the liver. Kupffer cell (KC) depletion reduced LNT liver localization and degradation in BALB/c mice. Moreover, experiments with Dectin-1 siRNA and Dectin-1/Syk signaling pathway inhibitors showed that LNT was mainly taken up by KCs via the Dectin-1/Syk pathway and promoted lysosomal maturation in KCs via this same pathway, which in turn promoted LNT degradation. These empirical findings offer novel insights into the metabolism of LNT in vivo and in vitro, which will facilitate the further application of LNT and other β-glucans.
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•A novel capsule polysaccharide (CPS-605) is obtained from Lactobacillus plantarum LCC-605.•AM is successfully conjugated with CPS-605 to generate CPS-AM NPs.•CPS-AM NPs significantly reduce the working concentration of amikacin.•CPS-AM NPs exhibit excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative strains.•CPS-AM NPs show great biofilm inhibition and disruption abilities.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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