In this paper, we carry out the theoretical spectral optimization and perform experiments by varying temperature and electrical current primarily on one-phosphor-coated three-hump white ...light-emitting diode (LED) for healthy indoor or outdoor lighting by using the genetic algorithm (GA). White light with low circadian action factor (CAF) is propitious for bedroom lighting to help people relax and to promote sleep, whereas high CAF white light is beneficial for increasing working efficiency in the working place. We obtain low CAF or high CAF according to different application occasions (such as bedroom lighting or office lighting), good Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage color rendering index (R a ) or Illumination Engineering Society of North America color fidelity index (R f ), and color gamut index (R g ) or other color performances, and possibly high luminous efficacy of radiation (LER, K) at various correlated color temperatures (CCTs) from 2700 to 6500 K. For instance, in the case of one-phosphor-coated three-hump white LEDs at CCT = 3000 K, the low CAF as 0.264 (R a = 80, R f = 77, R g = 103, and K = 350.0 lm/W) can be achieved, whereas that of standard light at the same CCT is 0.407. In addition, we also compare four types of three-hump white LEDs in performances of circadian action, luminous efficacy of radiation (LER), and color rendering. This paper can help both industry and academia understand the application of three-hump white LEDs in the healthy indoor or outdoor lighting.
As air pollution becomes more serious in China, it is critical to study its influencing factors for targeted environmental governance. Existing researchers have conducted various studies on the ...factors of PM
2.5
(fine particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns) pollution. However, these studies mostly conducted analyses focused on macroscopic factors and lacked an impact analysis of specific entity distributions on PM
2.5
pollution. Furthermore, most existing studies used ordinary regression models that ignored the spatial heterogeneity of influence of various factors on pollution, leading to biased results. To address these issues, focusing on air quality in heavily polluted city (Weifang City), this study aims to measure the influence of spatial differentiation of the impacts of four roughly classified POIs, namely, industry, restaurants, scenic spots, and parking lots, on PM
2.5
pollution quantitatively by using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model (spatial varying-coefficient regression model). The results indicate that the spatial distribution of effects of industry, restaurant and parking lot POIs on PM
2.5
concentrations in Weifang are similar. The impact of all four POIs on PM
2.5
is spatially nonstationary and have certain spatial trends, parking lots have the greatest influence on PM
2.5
pollution. Based on the findings, pollution prevention and control measures are suggested to be designed based on the actual situation. For instance, some counties in Weifang should be encouraged to develop tertiary industries dominated by tourism. This research investigated the spatial impacts of the specific entity distributions on air pollution and provided targeted advice based on findings, which can contribute to policy-making aimed at air pollution mitigation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•An efficient color matching database of supercritical CO2 was established.•Less than 6 % deviation values can be obtained.•The study can promote the computer color matching technology of ...supercritical CO2.
Utilization supercritical CO2 to conduct the anhydrous dyeing of polymers, as one of the most important candidates instead of water dyeing, has been highly concerned by textile industry due to its environmental friendliness, energy preservation and recyclability of CO2 and chemicals. In order to investigate an efficient color matching database of supercritical CO2 dyeing, polyester dyeing was carried out with Disperse Red 54, Disperse Blue 79 and Disperse Red 167. The basic database of the three disperse dyes in supercritical CO2 was established using the Kubelka-Munk Theory with Single Constant. The results showed that the build-up curves of Disperse Blue 79, Disperse Red 54 and Disperse Red 167 at 610 nm, 480 nm and 520 nm are convex upwardly rather than straight. Large deviation between the calculated K/S data and the experimental ones of the dyed polyester is emerged because the color depth at the maximum absorption wavelength is affected by other dyes in supercritical CO2. By introduction of correction coefficients, less than 6 % deviation values between the calculated K/S values and the experimental ones can be obtained with the revised Kubelka-Munk Theory with Single Constant. The revised equation displays obvious potential application value to reduce the chromatic aberration in the color measurement and matching of supercritical CO2 waterless dyeing.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Sepsis is the leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the pathogenesis of septic AKI remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate a significant decrease of microRNA-376b (miR-376b) in ...renal tubular cells in mice with septic AKI. Urinary miR-376b in these mice was also dramatically decreased. Patients with sepsis with AKI also had significantly lower urinary miR-376b than patients with sepsis without AKI, supporting its diagnostic value for septic AKI. LPS treatment of renal tubular cells led to the activation of NF-κB, and inhibition of NF-κB prevented a decrease of miR-376b. ChIP assay further verified NF-κB binding to the miR-376b gene promoter upon LPS treatment. Functionally, miR-376b mimics exaggerated tubular cell death, kidney injury, and intrarenal production of inflammatory cytokines, while inhibiting miR-376b afforded protective effects in septic mice. Interestingly, miR-376b suppressed the expression of NF-κB inhibitor ζ (NFKBIZ) in both in vitro and in vivo models of septic AKI. Luciferase microRNA target reporter assay further verified NFKBIZ as a direct target of miR-376b. Collectively, these results illustrate the NF-κB/miR-376b/NFKBIZ negative feedback loop that regulates intrarenal inflammation and tubular damage in septic AKI. Moreover, urinary miR-376b is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of AKI in patients with sepsis.
The development of heterogeneous chiral catalysts for enantioselective reactions is highly desirable in order to overcome some drawbacks of homogeneous catalysts. Different from the conventional ...approaches by using various types of supports or biphasic systems for the recovery and reuse of homogeneous catalysts, a conceptually new strategy for heterogenization of homogeneous chiral catalysts, that is, a “self‐supporting” approach, has been developed to use homochiral metal–organic coordination polymers generated by the self‐assembly of chiral multitopic ligands with metal ions, and thus obviates the use of any support. In this concept article, the success of this “self‐supporting” strategy will be exemplified in heterogeneous catalysis of asymmetric carbonyl–ene, sulfoxidation, epoxidation, and asymmetric hydrogenation reactions.
Bridging the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous asymmetric catalysts: Heterogeneous chiral catalysts can be generated on the basis of the principles of supramolecular and coordination chemistry without the use of any support (see scheme).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease. Modified Shen-Yan-Fang-Shuai formula (M-SYFSF) has excellent clinical efficacy in treating diabetic kidney disease. However, ...the potential mechanism of M-SYFSF remains unknown.
To investigate the mechanism of M-SYFSF against DN by network pharmacological analysis and biological experiments.
Utilizing a web-based pharmacology database, the potential mechanisms of M-SYFSF against DN were identified.
experiments, male SD rats were injected with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and got uninephrectomy to construct a model of DN. M-SYFSF (11.34 g/kg/d) was gavaged once per day for 12 weeks after model establishment.
experiments, human proximal tubular cells (HK-2) were performed with advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) (100 μg/mL), then intervened with M-SYFSF freeze-dried powder. Pathological staining, WB, IHC, ELISA were conducted to explore the mechanism of M-SYFSF against DN.
Network pharmacological analysis showed that MAPK pathway was the potential pathway. Results showed that compared with the Model group, M-SYFSF significantly reduced 24h urine albumin, UACR, and serum creatinine levels (54.90 ± 26.67 vs. 111.78 ± 4.28, 8.87 ± 1.69 vs. 53.94 ± 16.01, 11.56 ± 1.70 vs. 118.70 ± 49.57, respectively), and improved renal pathological changes. Furthermore, the intervention of M-SYFSF reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the activation of MAPK pathway in AGEs-treated HK-2 cells.
M-SYFSF is likely to reduce inflammation in DN by inhibiting the MAPK pathway. It provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of M-SYFSF in the treatment of DN.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Host genetic factors have been shown to play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the course of Covid-19 disease. The genetic contributions of common variants influencing Covid-19 ...susceptibility and severity have been extensively studied in diverse populations. However, the studies of rare genetic defects arising from inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are relatively few, especially in the Chinese population. To fill this gap, we used a deeply sequenced dataset of nearly 500 patients, all of Chinese descent, to investigate putative functional rare variants. Specifically, we annotated rare variants in our call set and selected likely deleterious missense (LDM) and high-confidence predicted loss-of-function (HC-pLoF) variants. Further, we analyzed LDM and HC-pLoF variants between
and
Covid-19 patients by (a) performing gene- and pathway-level association analyses, (b) testing the number of mutations in previously reported genes mapped from LDM and HC-pLoF variants, and (c) uncovering candidate genes
protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of Covid-19-related genes and genes defined from LDM and HC-pLoF variants. From our analyses, we found that (a) pathways Tuberculosis (hsa:05152), Primary Immunodeficiency (hsa:05340), and Influenza A (hsa:05164) showed significant enrichment in
patients compared to the
ones, (b) HC-pLoF mutations were enriched in Covid-19-related genes in
patients, and (c) several candidate genes, such as
,
,
, and
, are uncovered by PPI network analysis and worth further investigation. These regions generally play an essential role in regulating antiviral innate immunity responses to foreign pathogens and in responding to many inflammatory diseases. We believe that our identified candidate genes/pathways can be potentially used as Covid-19 diagnostic markers and help distinguish patients at higher risk.
Various exogenous carbon-based materials (ECMs) such as crop straw, biochar, carbon-based nano-fertilizer, and microplastics have accumulated in soil ecosystems. These ECMs may cause direct and ...indirect impacts on soil properties, processes, productivity, and health, thus potentially changing the function and stability of soil ecosystems. However, large knowledge gaps still exist on ECMs in soil ecosystems, including their accumulation, interactions with soil components, and potential ecological impacts and risks. Therefore, more efforts are needed to further understand the impacts especially the long-term effects of ECMs in soil ecosystems. By generating new knowledge, this Research Topic aims to improve the understanding of the effects of ECMs on soil ecosystems, including soil quality, nutrient cycling, microbial ecology, crop growth, environmental health and ecological risk.
Twist1 is an essential transcription factor required to initiate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promote tumor metastasis. PAQR3 is a newly found tumor suppressor that is frequently ...downregulated in many types of human cancers. Downregulation of PAQR3 is associated with accelerated metastasis and poor prognosis of the patients with gastric cancers. In this study, we demonstrate that PAQR3 is actively involved in the degradation of Twist1 and whereby regulates EMT and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. PAQR3 overexpression reduces the protein level but not the mRNA level of Twist1. The protein stability and polyubiquitination of Twist1 are altered by PAQR3. PAQR3 forms a complex with Twist1 and BTRC, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. PAQR3 enhances the interaction between Twist1 and BTRC. Twist1 is mobilized from the nucleus to a proteasome-containing structure in the cytoplasm upon overexpression of PAQR3 and BTRC, which is required for PAQR3-induced degradation of Twist1. The Twist1 box domain of the Twist1 protein is required for the interaction of Twist1 with both PAQR3 and BTRC, indispensable for PAQR3-mediated degradation of Twist1. Both BTRC and Twist1 are required for the inhibitory effects of PAQR3 on migration and EMT phenotype of gastric cancers cells. Importantly, Twist1 is indispensable for the inhibitory effect of PAQR3 on metastasis of gastric cancer cells in vivo Collectively, these findings not only pinpoint that Twist1 mediates the modulatory function of PAQR3 on EMT and metastasis but also suggest that targeting Twist1 is a promising strategy to control metastasis of tumors with downregulation of PAQR3.
Most homogenous gold catalyses demand ≥ 0.5 mol% catalyst loading. Owing to the high cost of gold, these reactions are unlikely to be applicable in medium- or large-scale applications. Here we ...disclose a novel ligand design based on the privileged (1,1'-biphenyl)-2-ylphosphine framework that offers a potentially general approach to dramatically lowering catalyst loading. In this design, an amide group at the 3'-position of the ligand framework directs and promotes nucleophilic attack at the ligand gold complex-activated alkyne, which is unprecedented in homogenous gold catalysis considering the spatial challenge of using ligand to reach anti-approaching nucleophile in a linear P-Au-alkyne centroid structure. With such a ligand, the gold(I) complex becomes highly efficient in catalysing acid addition to alkynes, with a turnover number up to 99,000. Density functional theory calculations support the role of the amide moiety in directing the attack of carboxylic acid via hydrogen bonding.
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