The present paper is devoted to the investigation of the gas dynamics of cellular gas concrete by the acoustoconvective method developed at the ITPM of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of ...Sciences and its comparison with traditional thermoconvective and natural drying. A series of experiments have been performed on humidifying specimens and the dependence has been obtained of the rate of moisture absorption for two humidifying regimes: capillary impregnation and sorption. In the acoustoconvective drying regime, it has been shown that the frequency and intensity of the operating flow strongly influence the dynamics of moisture extraction from the specimens being dried. The obtained kinetic data for thermoconvective drying have a bilinear distribution, and their mathematical treatment permitted determining the velocities of the proceeding processes. The process of natural drying is extremely slow, and the drying velocity is strongly influenced thereby by the environment parameters. For mathematical description of the obtained experimental data, a relaxation model was used, which has made it possible to determine the relaxation time for each drying regime.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the diameter of a subsonic conical nozzle on the generation of acoustic waves in a two-channel system. Three-dimensional numerical ...simulation of flow in the duct of an actual device was performed. A complete picture of the flow generated in the acoustic-convective drying system of the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, SB RAS, was obtained. The results of the study show that to maintain the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the workflow with increasing diameter of the subsonic conical nozzle, it is necessary to reduce the settling chamber pressure. The numerically simulated amplitude-frequency characteristics of the acoustic flow generated in the working section of the drying system are in satisfactory agreement with the results of physical experiments.
Abstract
Introduction. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the one of the most common cancers diagnosed in adult men with more than 40000 new cases annually. Recurrence or metastasis of the disease occurs ...in more than 30% of patients and death from disease occurs in most of these patients due to limited therapeutic options. Clearly, a better understanding of factors contributing to RCC metastasis might improve therapeutic development and patient outcomes. One of the steps required for tumor cell progression from localized disease to metastatic disease is the acquisition of invasive abilities through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT promotes loss of epithelial markers by downregulation of E-cadherin, gain of mesenchymal markers like Vimentin, and N-cadherin, and cytoskeletal rearrangement that enables cells to leave the primary site and intravasate into the blood or lymphatic systems and thereby colonize distant sites. Metastasis and colonization are highly directed mechanisms in which cancer cells migrate toward specific preferred organs that express specific protein receptors. One of these receptors is CXCR4, which is upregulated in advanced cancer including RCC and is correlated with poor survival. In this study we explored the hypothesis that CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling promotes migratory ability by inducing EMT in vitro in the RCC cell lines Caki-2 and 786-0.
Methods. To pursue these studies we utilized in vitro mammalian cell culture, cell proliferation (WST) assays, cell migration (scratch) assays, and protein analysis methods including immunoblot and immunofluorescence.
Results. These studies showed that RCC cell lines express CXCR4 that is activated by CXCL12 to induce cellular proliferation and promote a wound healing migratory response dependent on EMT cytoskeletal rearrangement by Rho GTPases. Moreover, CXCR4/CXCL12 induces down-regulation of E-cadherin, up-regulation of vimentin, N-cadherin and the upregulation of EMT transcription factors SLUG/SNAIL, consistent with EMT signaling activation. Lastly, CXCR4/CXCL12 activation promotes phosphorylation of AKT and ERK, suggesting that these signaling pathways are coupled to CXCR4/CXCL12-mediated RCC progression.
Conclusions. Our findings suggest that CXCR4/CXCL12 activation in RCC has a pivotal role in EMT induction by the acquisition of a migratory and invasive phenotype. Understanding the underlying signaling pathways employed by the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis may shed new light on the migration/ invasion mechanisms that allow RCC cells to spread to distant organs and assist with the design and testing of new therapeutic strategies to treat advanced metastatic RCC.
Citation Format: Alisa Zhilin-Roth, Jill A. Macoska. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma abstract. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2021.
Under industrial conditions, melt for the production of cast products from wear-resistant steels is produced mainly by modifying iron-carbon-based alloys with ferrotungsten. Ferrotungsten production ...is a material-intensive and energy-consuming process that does not allow the direct use of ore concentrates as a modifier due to their complex chemical composition. The growth of the global consumption of wear-resistant steels and products from them necessitates search for and development of alternative methods to produce such alloys. The aluminothermic remelting of mixtures consisting of scale, reducing agent, and tungsten-containing component is aimed at solving the problems of processing man-made formations to produce metal products in the form of wear-resistant steel castings. Scheelite concentrate is used in the experimental process, which makes it possible to reduce the processing chain of tungsten use to one stage. The results of studies of the aluminothermal process of producing castings from thermite compositions are presented. The pattern of influence of the content of reducing agent and scheelite concentrate on the physical and mechanical properties of the metal is experimentally established.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In species with endometrial decidualization and hemochorial placentation (humans, mice, and others), leukocytes localize to early implant sites and contribute to decidual angiogenesis, spiral ...arterial remodeling, and trophoblast invasion. Relationships between leukocytes, trophoblasts, and the decidual vasculature are not fully defined. Early C57BL/6J implant sites were analyzed by flow cytometry to define leukocyte subsets and by whole-mount immunohistochemistry to visualize relationships between leukocytes, decidual vessels, and trophoblasts. Ptprc(+) (CD45(+)) cells increased in decidua between Gestational Day (GD) 5.5 and GD 9.5. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells that showed dynamic expression of Cd (CD) 69, an activating receptor, and Klrg1 (KLRG1), an inhibitory receptor, localized mesometrially and were the dominant CD45(+) cells between GD 5.5 and GD 7.5. At GD 8.5, immature monocytes that occurred throughout decidua exceeded uNK cells numerically and many leukocytes acquired irregular shapes, and leukocyte-leukocyte conjugates became frequent. Vessels were morphologically heterogeneous and regionally unique. Migrating trophoblasts were first observed at GD 6.5 and, at GD 9.5, breached endothelium, entered vascular lumens, and appeared to occlude some vessels, as described for human spiral arteries. No leukocyte-trophoblast conjugates were detected. Whole-mount staining gave unparalleled decidual vascular detail and cell-specific positional information. Its application across murine models of pregnancy disturbances should significantly advance our understanding of the maternal-fetal interface.
The article considers one of the main problems of data analysis, i.e., estimation of parameters characterizing the data sample of a constant quantity. Data analysis is required in all areas of ...experimental physics to obtain reliable measurement results. To describe sample units under bilateral constraints on their error, the apparatus of interval analysis and statistics is used. In particular, data homogeneity in the sample is described using various consistency measures. A set of three consistency measures is presented that describe different relationships between sample units. On the basis of the considered set, a combined sample consistency measure is proposed that can simultaneously provide outer and inner estimates of the quantity under study. The specified estimates are important in solving a massive data processing problem (i.e., processing of a set of samples obtained under different measurement conditions). The article provides necessary information on interval analysis and various interval arithmetics. The relationships between the proposed combined measure and the results of computations with interval twins and fuzzy sets are considered. This combined measure can be used in solving the massive data processing problem typically addressed in theoretical and applied semiconductor physics. A practical example is presented of using the combined sample consistency measure in the testing of solar transducers against a reference transducer as part of the study of their spectral properties and quantum yield.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This paper is devoted to an experimental study of the characteristics of the operating flow in a two-channel system of an acoustic-convective dryer (ACD), developed at the Institute of Theoretical ...and Applied Mechanics (ITAM) SB RAS. A parametric study of cylindrical resonator depth and pressure in settling chamber influence on amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) of the formed flow is carried out. The influence of pressure in settling chamber and geometry of resonant cavity on AFC are considered. A tendency toward a decrease in Hartmann effect existence region with a decrease in cavity depth was found. A satisfactory agreement was obtained between the frequencies registered in the experiments and calculated using the Helmholtz formula for the natural frequency of resonant cavity.
The forkhead box (FOX), FOXO1 and FOXO3, transcription factors regulate multiple functions in mammalian cells. Selective inactivation of the Foxo1 and Foxo3 genes in murine ovarian granulosa cells ...severely impairs follicular development and apoptosis causing infertility, and as shown here, granulosa cell tumor (GCT) formation. Coordinate depletion of the tumor suppressor Pten gene in the Foxo1/3 strain enhanced the penetrance and onset of GCT formation. Immunostaining and Western blot analyses confirmed FOXO1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) depletion, maintenance of globin transcription factor (GATA) 4 and nuclear localization of FOXL2 and phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2/3 in the tumor cells, recapitulating results we observed in human adult GCTs. Microarray and quantitative PCR analyses of mouse GCTs further confirmed expression of specific genes (Foxl2, Gata4, and Wnt4) controlling granulosa cell fate specification and proliferation, whereas others (Emx2, Nr0b1, Rspo1, and Wt1) were suppressed. Key genes (Amh, Bmp2, and Fshr) controlling follicle growth, apoptosis, and differentiation were also suppressed. Inhbb and Grem1 were selectively elevated, whereas reduction of Inha provided additional evidence that activin signaling and small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2/3 phosphorylation impact GCT formation. Unexpectedly, markers of Sertoli/epithelial cells (SRY sex determining region Y-box 9/keratin 8) and alternatively activated macrophages (chitinase 3-like 3) were elevated in discrete subpopulations within the mouse GCTs, indicating that Foxo1/3/Pten depletion not only leads to GCTs but also to altered granulosa cell fate decisions and immune responses. Thus, analyses of the Foxo1/3/Pten mouse GCTs and human adult GCTs provide strong evidence that impaired functions of the FOXO1/3/PTEN pathways lead to dramatic changes in the molecular program within granulosa cells, chronic activin signaling in the presence of FOXL2 and GATA4, and tumor formation.
•CLABSI and VAP are independent risk factors for ICU mortality.•Female gender is an independent risk factors for ICU mortality.•Age increase risk of ICU mortality 1% per year of age.•TLength of stay ...increases the risk of ICU mortality by 1% per day of stay.•Central lines increase the risk of ICU mortality by 2% per day.
The International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium has found a high ICU mortality rate. Our aim was to identify all-cause mortality risk factors in ICU-patients.
Multinational, multicenter, prospective cohort study at 786 ICUs of 312 hospitals in 147 cities in 37 Latin American, Asian, African, Middle Eastern, and European countries.
Between 07/01/1998 and 02/12/2022, 300,827 patients, followed during 2,167,397 patient-days, acquired 21,371 HAIs. Following mortality risk factors were identified in multiple logistic regression: Central line-associated bloodstream infection (aOR:1.84; P<.0001); ventilator-associated pneumonia (aOR:1.48; P<.0001); catheter-associated urinary tract infection (aOR:1.18;P<.0001); medical hospitalization (aOR:1.81; P<.0001); length of stay (LOS), risk rises 1% per day (aOR:1.01; P<.0001); female gender (aOR:1.09; P<.0001); age (aOR:1.012; P<.0001); central line-days, risk rises 2% per day (aOR:1.02; P<.0001); and mechanical ventilator (MV)-utilization ratio (aOR:10.46; P<.0001). Coronary ICU showed the lowest risk for mortality (aOR: 0.34;P<.0001).
Some identified risk factors are unlikely to change, such as country income-level, facility ownership, hospitalization type, gender, and age. Some can be modified; Central line-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, LOS, and MV-utilization. So, to lower the risk of death in ICUs, we recommend focusing on strategies to shorten the LOS, reduce MV-utilization, and use evidence-based recommendations to prevent HAIs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The synchronization of coupled oscillators plays an important role in many biological systems, including the heart. In heart diseases, cardiac myocytes can exhibit abnormal electrical oscillations, ...such as early afterdepolarizations (EADs), which are associated with lethal arrhythmias. A key unanswered question is how cellular EADs partially synchronize in tissue, as is required for them to propagate. Here, we present evidence, from computational simulations and experiments in isolated myocytes, that irregular EAD behavior is dynamical chaos. We then show in electrically homogeneous tissue models that chaotic EADs synchronize globally when the tissue is smaller than a critical size. However, when the tissue exceeds the critical size, electrotonic coupling can no longer globally synchronize EADs, resulting in regions of partial synchronization that shift in time and space. These regional partially synchronized EADs then form premature ventricular complexes that propagate into recovered tissue without EADs. This process creates multiple hat propagate "shifting" foci resembling polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Shifting foci encountering shifting repolarization gradients can also develop localized wave breaks leading to reentry and fibrillation. As predicted by the theory, rabbit hearts exposed to oxidative stress (H₂O₂) exhibited multiple shifting foci causing polymorphic tachycardia and fibrillation. This mechanism explains how collective cellular behavior integrates at the tissue scale to generate lethal cardiac arrhythmias over a wide range of heart rates.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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