Display omitted
•Cubic-tetragonal interface in Ce-Zr solid solution was successfully synthesized.•The catalyst interface promoted the interaction between surface Mn and Ce species.•The catalyst ...interface improved catalytic performance for toluene oxidation.•Higher surface lattice oxygen concentration was obtained on the interfaces.
In this study, the CeO2-ZrO2 solid solutions with cubic-tetragonal interfaces were prepared by an urea hydrolysis method and a solvothermal method. Then they were used as the supports and Mn/Ce-Zr catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. The catalytic performance of the catalysts for toluene oxidation were evaluated by a steady-state measurement and compared with that of Mn/Ce-Zr-ss without the interfaces, in which the support was prepared by co-precipitation. The result was found that the catalyst interfaces apparently enhanced catalytic activity for toluene oxidation. The coexistence of cubic and tetragonal phases and their interfaces were confirmed by XRD and HRTEM. H2-TPR and XPS results indicated that the cubic-tetragonal interfaces led to stronger interaction between surface Mn and Ce species and higher concentration of lattice oxygen produced from the catalyst surface. DRIFT spectra revealed that the catalyst interface promoted the adsorption of toluene and the formation of key intermediates at low temperatures. These would be important factors that caused a higher activity of the catalyst with cubic-tetragonal interfaces. Moreover, the promoting role of the interfaces might be related to the morphology, surface area and interface components of Ce-Zr supports.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Transparent brittle materials such as glass and sapphire are widely concerned and applied in consumer electronics, optoelectronic devices, etc. due to their excellent physical and chemical stability ...and good transparency. Growing research attention has been paid to developing novel methods for high-precision and high-quality machining of transparent brittle materials in the past few decades. Among the various techniques, laser machining has been proved to be an effective and flexible way to process all kinds of transparent brittle materials. In this review, a series of laser machining methods, e.g. laser full cutting, laser scribing, laser stealth dicing, laser filament, laser induced backside dry etching (LIBDE), and laser induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) are summarized. Additionally, applications of these techniques in micromachining, drilling and cutting, and patterning are introduced in detail. Current challenges and future prospects in this field are also discussed.
Full text
Available for:
FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
Display omitted
•The etching rate under 40-kHz pulses are ten times higher than that under 2.5-kHz pulses.•Two etching mechanisms exist when using high-repetition-rate laser pulses.•Heat accumulation ...and probably surface modification cause the incubation effect.•‘Strong ablation’ causes a rough morphology, high etching rate and a phase change.•The incubation effect can be used for high quality cutting of transparent materials.
Laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) has been extensively studied in recent years due to its high-quality processing of transparent materials. Toxic organic solutions and ultraviolet (UV) lasers with low repetition rates are necessary in conventional LIBWE, which limits the processing efficiency and results in environmental problems. Some studies have found that near-infrared lasers can also be employed in LIBWE when aqueous solutions containing Cu2+ are used as the absorbing liquids. These new findings show dramatic enhancements in processing efficiency, but the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly identified. In this study, we found that the etching rate of LIBWE using near-infrared lasers could be increased greatly and that the processing quality deteriorated appreciably when using high-repetition-rate laser pulses. By observing the evolution of laser-induced cavitation bubbles, we identified two etching mechanisms during LIBWE when high-repetition-rate laser pulses were used and determined that the incubation effect drove the transformation between the two mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate that LIBWE using a near-infrared nanosecond laser can be used not only to obtain high-quality micro-grooves on sapphire but also to cut sapphire substrates efficiently by utilizing the incubation effect.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Resistance to chemotherapy remains the major cause of treatment failure in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we identified TRIM25 as an epigenetic regulator of oxaliplatin (OXA) resistance ...in CRC. The level of TRIM25 in OXA-resistant patients who experienced recurrence during the follow-up period was significantly higher than in those who had no recurrence. Patients with high expression of TRIM25 had a significantly higher recurrence rate and worse disease-free survival than those with low TRIM25 expression. Downregulation of TRIM25 dramatically inhibited, while overexpression of TRIM25 increased, CRC cell survival after OXA treatment. In addition, TRIM25 promoted the stem cell properties of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we demonstrated that TRIM25 inhibited the binding of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 to EZH2, thus stabilizing and upregulating EZH2, and promoting OXA resistance. Our study contributes to a better understanding of OXA resistance and indicates that inhibitors against TRIM25 might be an excellent strategy for CRC management in clinical practice.
High TRABD expression is associated with tau pathology in patients with Alzheimer’s disease; however, the function of TRABD is unknown. Human TRABD encodes a mitochondrial outer-membrane protein. The ...loss of TRABD resulted in mitochondrial fragmentation, and TRABD overexpression led to mitochondrial clustering and fusion. The C-terminal tail of the TRABD anchored to the mitochondrial outer membrane and the TraB domain could form homocomplexes. Additionally, TRABD forms complexes with MFN2, MIGA2, and PLD6 to facilitate mitochondrial fusion. Flies lacking dTRABD are viable and have normal lifespans. However, aging flies exhibit reduced climbing ability and abnormal mitochondrial morphology in their muscles. The expression of dTRABD is increased in aged flies. dTRABD overexpression leads to neurodegeneration and enhances tau toxicity in fly eyes. The overexpression of dTRABD also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATP production, and protein turnover in the mitochondria. This study suggested that TRABD-induced mitochondrial malfunctions contribute to age-related neurodegeneration.
Display omitted
•TRABD is a mitochondrial outer-membrane protein•TRABD modulates mitochondrial homeostasis and function•The self-interaction of TraB domain in the TRABD promotes the tethering of mitochondria•Elevated TRABD levels exacerbate neurodegeneration and tau toxicity in fly eyes
Zhou et al. show that TRABD, a protein associated with Alzheimer’s disease, is a highly conserved mitochondrial outer-membrane protein whose expression increases with age. TRABD modulates mitochondrial morphology by promoting mitochondrial tethering and homeostasis. Elevated TRABD levels exacerbate neurodegeneration and tau toxicity in fly eyes.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Soft conductors with high conductivity are highly desirable and valuable for the development of various flexible and wearable electronics. However, their preparation requires expensive equipment and ...tedious multi-step processes, resulting in high costs and limited applications. In this work, super soft conductors based on liquid metal/cotton composites were fabricated with cotton thread as the soft substrate and liquid metals as the conductive filler. The three-dimensional (3D) continuous liquid metal/cotton composites were formed on the surface layer of conductors by rubbing treatment, which has the advantages of easy operation, low cost and large-area production. The conductivity of the as-obtained conductor with a 96.8 wt% liquid metal content can reach up to 2.46 × 10
6
S m
−1
. Due to the super softness of cotton fibers and the fluid property of liquid metals, the conductor presented outstanding durability and stability against repeated external deformations (5000 folding tests) with the help of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which acted as the protective layer. Furthermore, the soft conductor coated by PDMS was fabricated as a capacitive type of pressure sensor, which was integrated into sensing gloves and arrays to collect the pressure signals steadily and continuously.
Super soft conductors were fabricated with a cotton thread as the soft substrate and liquid metals as the conductive filler.
Regenerative endodontic procedures using autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can improve the biologic outcome of treatment. However, its mechanism of action on improving pulp regeneration is not ...fully elucidated. Autophagy was recently shown to be related to tissue repair and osteogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP in dental pulp regeneration and to elucidate the role of autophagy involved in this process. Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were isolated from healthy dental pulp and co-cultured with an increasing concentration of PRP. Cellular migration and proliferation were determined by scratch assay, transwell assay, and cell-counting kit 8 assay. Osteogenic differentiation was clarified by using alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the gene expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, collagen-1, osteocalcin, dentin matrix protein 1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein. Autophagic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy and the expression of autophagy marker light chain 3B (LC3B) was determined by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA and protein expression level of LC3B and Beclin-1 were quantified by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The effect of PRP on cellular migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation was further investigated in the milieu of autophagy activator, rapamycin, and inhibitor, 3-methyladenine. Results showed that PRP promoted cell migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Autophagic bodies were strongly activated and the expression level of LC3B and Beclin-1 was significantly promoted by PRP. Autophagy inhibition suppressed PRP-induced hDPCs migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, whereas autophagy activator substantially augmented PRP-stimulated migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggested that PRP could effectively promote regenerative potentials associated with autophagy.
Flavonoids are widely used in the market because of their antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. But the production speed of flavonoids is limited by the growth of plants. CBL9 (
) is ...a flavonoid-producing endophytic fungi from
H. Lév, which has potential to produce flavonoids.
In this study, we isolated total flavonoids from endophytic fungus CBL9 of
H. Lév using macroporous resin D101. The process was optimized by response surface and the best extraction process was obtained. The antioxidant activities of total flavonoids were analyzed in vitro.
It was found that the best parameters were 25 °C pH 2.80, 1.85 h, and the adsorption ratio reached (64.14 ± 0.04)%. A total of 60% ethanol was the best elution solvent. The elution ratio of total flavonoid reached to (81.54 ± 0.03)%, and the purity was 7.13%, which was increased by 14.55 times compared with the original fermentation broth. Moreover its purity could rise to 13.69% after precipitated by ethanol, which is very close to 14.10% prepared by ethyl acetate extraction. In the antioxidant research, the clearance ratio of L9F-M on DPPH, ABTS, •OH, •O
, (96.44 ± 0.04)% and (75.33 ± 0.03)%, (73.79 ± 0.02)%, (31.14 ± 0.01)% at maximum mass concentration, was higher than L9F.
The result indicated using macroporous resin in the extraction of total flavonoid from endophytic fungus is better than organic solvents with higher extraction ratio, safety and lower cost. In vitro testing indicated that the flavonoid extracted by macroporous resin have good antioxidant activity, providing more evidence for the production of flavonoid by biological fermentation method.
Pain is an essential physiological phenomenon of human beings. Accurate assessment of pain is important to develop proper treatment. Although self-report method is the gold standard in pain ...assessment, it is not applicable to individuals with communicative impairment. Non-verbal pain indicators such as pain related facial expressions and changes in physiological parameters could provide valuable insights for pain assessment. In this paper, we propose a multimodal-based Stream Integrated Neural Network with Different Frame Rates (SINN) that combines facial expression and biomedical signals for automatic pain assessment. The main contributions of this research are threefold. (1) There are four-stream inputs of the SINN for facial expression feature extraction. The variant facial features are integrated with biomedical features, and the joint features are utilized for pain assessment. (2) The dynamic facial features are learned in both implicit and explicit manners to better represent the facial changes that occur during pain experience. (3) Multiple modalities are utilized to identify various pain states, including facial expression and biomedical signals. The experiments are conducted on publicly available pain datasets, and the performance is compared with several deep learning models. The experimental results illustrate the superiority of the proposed model, and it achieves the highest accuracy of 68.2%, which is up to 5% higher than the basic deep learning models on pain assessment with binary classification.
After dental trauma to immature permanent teeth (IPT), there can be pulpitis, necrotic, and periapical periodontitis, which will halt further root development. Traditional endodontic root canal ...treatments and apexification cannot revitalize the necrotic pulp to revitalize the tooth to promote further root development. As a consequence, IPT with thin dentinal walls can be prone to fracture and if a fracture occurs, the patient will likely suffer the loss of the tooth. In an attempt to save IPT, there has been a growing interest among dentists to use regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) to revitalize a replace dental pulp to continue root development and strengthen the dentinal walls to help prevent a subsequent loss of the tooth. However, the effectiveness of REPs and the precise methods to successfully accomplish REPs are controversial. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compare the different approaches to REPs in case reports by highlighting their advantages and limitations.
PDF
