After dental trauma to immature permanent teeth (IPT), there can be pulpitis, necrotic, and periapical periodontitis, which will halt further root development. Traditional endodontic root canal ...treatments and apexification cannot revitalize the necrotic pulp to revitalize the tooth to promote further root development. As a consequence, IPT with thin dentinal walls can be prone to fracture and if a fracture occurs, the patient will likely suffer the loss of the tooth. In an attempt to save IPT, there has been a growing interest among dentists to use regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) to revitalize a replace dental pulp to continue root development and strengthen the dentinal walls to help prevent a subsequent loss of the tooth. However, the effectiveness of REPs and the precise methods to successfully accomplish REPs are controversial. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compare the different approaches to REPs in case reports by highlighting their advantages and limitations.
Lymphatic endothelial cell homeostasis plays important roles in normal physiological cardiac functions, and its dysfunction significantly influences pathological cardiac remodeling after myocardial ...infarction (MI). Our results revealed that sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1pr1) expression in cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) was sharply changed after MI. It has been shown that S1pr1 tightly controlled LEC functions and homeostasis. We thus hypothesized that lymphatic endothelial S1pr1 might be involved in post-MI cardiac remodeling. We generated LEC-conditional S1pr1 transgenic mice, in which S1pr1 expression was reduced in cardiac LECs. We performed the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation operation to induce MI in these mice. Cardiac functions and remodeling were examined by echocardiography analysis and serial histological analysis. Meanwhile, we performed adoptive cell transfer experiments to monitor macrophage trafficking in post-MI myocardium and their draining lymphatic system. Furthermore,
in vitro
cell culture experiments and mechanism studies were undertaken to uncover the molecular mechanism by which LEC-S1pr1 regulated cardiac inflammation and remodeling after MI. Our results showed that S1pr1 expression significantly decreased in cardiac LECs after MI. Our
in vivo
experiments showed that the reduced expression of LEC-S1pr1 deteriorated cardiac function and worsened pathological cardiac remodeling after MI. Our further results demonstrated that the reduced expression of LEC-S1pr1 did not influence macrophage infiltration in an early inflammatory phase of MI, but significantly affected macrophages clearance in the later phase of MI via afferent cardiac lymphatics, and thus influenced inflammatory responses and cardiac outcome after MI. Further study showed that S1P/S1pr1 activated ERK signaling pathway and enhanced CCL2 expression, which promoted macrophage trafficking in a paracrine manner. This study reveals that cardiac lymphatic endothelial cells tightly control macrophage trafficking via lymphatic vessels in injured hearts via S1P/S1pr1/ERK/CCL2 pathway and thus regulate post-MI immune modulation and heart repair. This study highlights the importance of cardiac lymphatic vessel system in orchestrating post-MI immune responses and cardiac remodeling by regulating macrophage transit in injured hearts. Our finding implies that a feasible modulation of S1pr1 signaling in LECs might provide a promising target to resolve excessive inflammation and to ameliorate adverse cardiac remodeling after MI.
L. is an annual, erect or less commonly ascending herb that is a member of the
family. Polysaccharides extracted from traditional Chinese medicines may be effective substances with antioxidant ...activity.
In this study, we isolated crude polysaccharides from
(AHP-M) using microwave-assisted extraction. Then, the AHP-M was purified by chromatography with DEAE-32 cellulose, and two fractions, AHP-M-1 and AHP-M-2, were obtained. The structural characteristics of AHP-M-1 and AHP-M-2 were investigated, and their antioxidant activities were analyzed in vitro.
We found that the monosaccharide composition of AHP-M-1 was different from that of AHP-M-2. The molecular weights of AHP-M-1 and AHP-M-2 were 77.625 kDa and 93.325 kDa, respectively. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of AHP-M-2 was better than that of AHP-M-1. For AHP-M-2, the DPPH radical scavenging rate at a concentration of 2 mg/mL was 78.87%, the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was 39.34%, the superoxide anion radical scavenging rate was 80.2%, and the reduction ability of Fe
was approximately 0.90. The total antioxidant capacity per milligram of AHP-M-2 was 6.42, which was higher than that of Vitamin C (Vc).
The in vitro test indicated that AHP-M-1 and AHP-M-2 have good antioxidant activity, demonstrating that
L. polysaccharide has immense potential as a natural antioxidants.
Action unit (AU) occurrence detection refers to the recognition of the presence or absence of the AU, and it is a challenging task due to rigid and non-rigid facial motion, subtle facial changes, and ...short duration. Recently, most studies focus on automatic AU detection by local representation learning or exploiting the correlation of AU to enhance recognition performance, and it has made significant progress. However, the relationships among AUs and other facial attributes are ignored. This study implements the AU occurrence detection task by multi-task learning instead of traditional single-task learning, so AU detection is beneficial from auxiliary facial attributes analysis. The main contributions of this study include: (1) This study constructs a multitask-based facial analysis system (MTFAS), which integrates several facial attributes (facial landmarks, head pose, gender, and emotion). (2) Due to the diversity of tasks, the features of lower and higher layers are combined to avoid the loss of information. (3) This work applies online difficult sample selection and weighted loss function to weaken the impact of imbalanced data. Experiments are conducted on well applied BP4D and DISFA databases, and the proposed MTFAS method is compared with state-of-art. MFTAS obtains the average F1 score of 0.622 and recognition accuracy of 0.787 on BP4D. On the DISFA dataset, MTFAS acquires the average F1 score of 0.600 and recognition accuracy of 0.909.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The flexible graphene fiber-based symmetic supercapacitors are usually greatly expected to power small wearable electronics because of their many potential applications. In the present work, the ...organic electrochemically active material of quinone for asymmetric supercapacitors has been introduced to decorate graphene oxide nanosheets as negative electrodes via a facile hydrothermal self-assembly method. Fortunately, 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ) is a suitable choice for functionalizing graphene-based materials through noncovalent interactions. Different from conventional quinone based materials, we study naphthoquinone modified electrode materials with satisfactory electrochemical properties, and take the lead in preparing fibrous quinone based electrodes, which are applied to the construction of wearable flexible supercapacitors. As a consequence, the modified NQrGO/CF exhibits an improved capacitance owing to the superposition of capacitance behavior and the synergistic effect of each component. More interestingly, the all-solid asymmetric flexible micro-supercapacitor (AFSC) assembled with NQrGO/CF as the negative electrode, nickel-cobalt hydroxide hybrid graphene-based fiber (NCHrGO/CF) as the positive electrode and PVA/KOH as the gel electrolyte, which has a potential window of 2.0 V, with a maximum energy density of 50.7 Wh kg−1. Moreover, we propose the multiple micro-supercapacitors could be reasonably connected in series or in parallel for the reduction of resistance and the promotion of electrochemical performance to meet the requirements of specific operating voltage and energy output in application. The graphene-based fiber electrode modified with quinone provides more methods and better options for the construction and development of asymmetric flexible micro-supercapacitors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•We propose a novel Drop-relationship learning module, which uses prior knowledge to construct AU relationship units. We randomly drop AU relationship units during training to suppress co-adaptation. ...To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to consider both AU prior knowledge and complex co-adaptation relationship between AUs;•We propose a new end-to-end AU semi-supervised framework, which uses consistency regularization with pseudo-multi-labeling method to extract learning signals from unlabeled facial images;•The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art semi-supervised and supervised methods on two widely used AU datasets (BP4D and DISFA).
Facial action units (AUs) recognition becomes important for facial analysis and has been widely applied in psychological research. Existing work on AU relationship learning only considers the relationship between AUs simultaneously, and does not consider the complex co-adaptation between AUs. Co-adaptation is good, but not always good. Learning the AU relationship simultaneously will inhibit the robust features of network learning. And AU relationship learning often requires additional landmark information. To solve these problems, we propose a novel AU Drop-relationship learning inspired by dropout. The AU Drop-relationship learning constructs the AU relationship units through prior knowledge. We further design the relationship regularization module to constraint the relationship between AU pairs. We randomly drop AU relationship units during training to suppress co-adaptation, forcing the network to learn more robust features. In addition, considering that there are massive unlabeled web facial images in reality, manual labeling of AU requires experts and is particularly time-consuming. To address this problem, we propose a method composed of consistency regularization and pseudo-multi-labeling for semi-supervised AU recognition. The proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art semi-supervised and supervised methods on two widely used AU datasets (BP4D and DISFA).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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Rapid preparing unique carbon-based carriers via simple, low-cost and eco-friendly synthetic strategies benefits for the design of efficient catalysts and their commercial ...application. In this work, the Fe/C@CNT carrier that the carbon-coated Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles (iron-carbon heterostructure) uniformly growing on carbon nanotube (CNT) is obtained via the fast pyrolysis (only 3 min) of ferrocene on CNT with efficient microwave thermal effect. The unique heterostructure improves the dispersity and stability of Ni, Ru-based compounds on Fe/C@CNT carrier during the fast preparation progress of Ni-Ru@Fe/C@CNT catalyst and the subsequent catalytic reaction processes, and promotes the formation of efficient active sites for HER (Ru (0)) and OER (Ni (3 + )). Therefore, Ni-Ru@Fe/C@CNT shows robust bifunctional activity and enduring stability, and just needs the low overpotential about 32 mV and 246 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively, which are better than the Ni-Ru-Fe@CNT using smooth CNT as carrier and even far superior to the commercial Pt/C and RuO2. More importantly, the whole preparation process of Ni-Ru@Fe/C@CNT is fast, simple and low-cost, providing a facile and environment friendly strategy to rapidly prepare efficient catalysts.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Objectives
We aimed to establish a diagnostic model of endometriosis (EM) based on disulfidptosis‐related genes (DRGs).
Materials and Methods
The mRNA expression data of EM were downloaded from the ...gene expression omnibus database and subjected to differential analysis, and co‐expression analysis was performed based on 10 disulfidptosis genes to acquire DRGs. The differentially expressed DRGs were subjected to biofunctional analysis. Lasso analysis and support vector machine‐recursive feature elimination (SVM‐RFE) analysis were employed to extract the intersection of feature genes as biomarkers, and the diagnostic values of biomarkers for EM were evaluated based on receiver operating characteristic curves. The correlations between biomarkers and the immune microenvironment were assessed by Pearson analysis of biomarkers and immune cell infiltration levels.
Results
Transforming growth factor β stimulated protein clone 22 domain family member 4 (TSC22D4), and F‐box/SPRY domain‐containing protein 1 (FBXO45) worked as the diagnostic classifiers in EM, with an obvious decrease in FBXO45 expression and an evident increase in TSC22D4 expression. The areas under the curves of FBXO45 and TSC22D4 were 0.752 and 0.706, respectively, and the area of FBXO45 combined with TSC22D4 reached 0.865, suggesting that TSC22D4 and FBXO45 had high predictive values. The diagnostic markers were closely correlated with immune cell infiltration.
Conclusion
The diagnostic markers constructed based on disulfidptosis are good predictors for EM, which have close correlations with EM.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•A general framework of emotion inference by mapping AUs to emotions is proposed.•Evolutionary algorithm is utilized for 3D convolutional neural network optimization.•Relationship probability model ...between AUs and emotions is derived.•ASMA is newly proposed to measure the similarity between AUs sequences.
Facial expression is one of the most powerful and natural signals for human beings conveying their emotional states and intentions. Recently, facial expression recognition from facial cues based on FACS is investigated, where facial expressions can be described by a subset of AUs, and the facial expression categories could be easily extended. The goal of our work is the proposal of an action unit analysis enhanced facial expression recognition system based on evolutional deep learning approach. The main contributions of our work include the following three aspects: (1) the temporal dynamic based 3DLeNets is exploited for video analysis based AUs detection. And a general evolutionary framework is conducted for the deep neural networks optimization. (2) The correlations among AUs and the correlation between AUs and emotions are investigated, and the relationship probability model between AUs and emotions is derived by the concept of discriminative power coefficients. (3) An adaptive subsequence matching algorithm (ASMA) is adopted to measure the similarity between AUs sequences, so that to construct the inference scheme of mapping AUs to emotions. Experimental results proved that the AUs enhanced facial expression recognition system performs well comparing to existing facial expression analysis methods, and each AU has different contribution roles for different facial expressions. It is also found to be more practical than discrete facial expression recognition as most of the facial expressions can be described using a subset of AUs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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