The three central phenomena of cuprate (copper oxide) superconductors are linked by a common doping level p*-at which the enigmatic pseudogap phase ends and the resistivity exhibits an anomalous ...linear dependence on temperature, and around which the superconducting phase forms a dome-shaped area in the phase diagram
. However, the fundamental nature of p* remains unclear, in particular regarding whether it marks a true quantum phase transition. Here we measure the specific heat C of the cuprates Eu-LSCO and Nd-LSCO at low temperature in magnetic fields large enough to suppress superconductivity, over a wide doping range
that includes p*. As a function of doping, we find that C
/T is strongly peaked at p* (where C
is the electronic contribution to C) and exhibits a log(1/T) dependence as temperature T tends to zero. These are the classic thermodynamic signatures of a quantum critical point
, as observed in heavy-fermion
and iron-based
superconductors at the point where their antiferromagnetic phase comes to an end. We conclude that the pseudogap phase of cuprates ends at a quantum critical point, the associated fluctuations of which are probably involved in d-wave pairing and the anomalous scattering of charge carriers.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Whistler waves are believed to play an important role during magnetic reconnection. Here we report the near‐simultaneous occurrence of two types of the whistler‐mode waves in the magnetotail Hall ...reconnection region. The first type is observed in the magnetic pileup region of downstream and propagates away to downstream along the field lines and is possibly generated by the electron temperature anisotropy at the magnetic equator. The second type, propagating toward the X line, is found around the separatrix region and probably is generated by the electron beam‐driven whistler instability or Čerenkov emission from electron phase‐space holes. These observations of two different types of whistler waves are consistent with recent kinetic simulations and suggest that the observed whistler waves are a consequence of magnetic reconnection.
Key Points
Two types of whistler waves are observed in the reconnection diffusion region
First one is in pileup region, and second one is around separatrix
Whistlers are the consequences of magnetic reconnection
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Patients with cancer may be at high risk of adverse outcomes from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We analyzed a cohort of patients with cancer and coronavirus ...2019 (COVID-19) reported to the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) to identify prognostic clinical factors, including laboratory measurements and anticancer therapies.
Patients with active or historical cancer and a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis recorded between 17 March and 18 November 2020 were included. The primary outcome was COVID-19 severity measured on an ordinal scale (uncomplicated, hospitalized, admitted to intensive care unit, mechanically ventilated, died within 30 days). Multivariable regression models included demographics, cancer status, anticancer therapy and timing, COVID-19-directed therapies, and laboratory measurements (among hospitalized patients).
A total of 4966 patients were included (median age 66 years, 51% female, 50% non-Hispanic white); 2872 (58%) were hospitalized and 695 (14%) died; 61% had cancer that was present, diagnosed, or treated within the year prior to COVID-19 diagnosis. Older age, male sex, obesity, cardiovascular and pulmonary comorbidities, renal disease, diabetes mellitus, non-Hispanic black race, Hispanic ethnicity, worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, recent cytotoxic chemotherapy, and hematologic malignancy were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. Among hospitalized patients, low or high absolute lymphocyte count; high absolute neutrophil count; low platelet count; abnormal creatinine; troponin; lactate dehydrogenase; and C-reactive protein were associated with higher COVID-19 severity. Patients diagnosed early in the COVID-19 pandemic (January-April 2020) had worse outcomes than those diagnosed later. Specific anticancer therapies (e.g. R-CHOP, platinum combined with etoposide, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors) were associated with high 30-day all-cause mortality.
Clinical factors (e.g. older age, hematological malignancy, recent chemotherapy) and laboratory measurements were associated with poor outcomes among patients with cancer and COVID-19. Although further studies are needed, caution may be required in utilizing particular anticancer therapies.
NCT04354701
•Among 4966 patients with COVID-19 and a history of or active cancer, 58% were hospitalized and 14% died within 30 days.•Older age, male sex, obesity, comorbidities, non-Hispanic black race, and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with higher COVID-19 severity.•Worse performance status, hematologic malignancy, and recent cytotoxic chemotherapy were associated with more severe COVID-19.•Low or high absolute lymphocyte count, high absolute neutrophil count, low platelets, abnormal creatinine, troponin, lactate dehydrogenase, or C-reactive protein were associated with more severe COVID-19.•Specific anticancer therapies were associated with high 30-day all-cause mortality.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A 56‐day feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary glutamate (Glu) supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal antioxidant capacity of ...grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 grass carp with average initial weight of 370 ± 3.8 g were fed three diets supplemented with 0, 8 and 16 g kg⁻¹ Glu. The per cent weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein and lipid productive value were significantly improved by dietary Glu supplementation. Feed intake, condition factor, visceral somatic index and perivisceral fat ratio were not significantly different between dietary groups. Hepatosomatic index, intestinal somatic index, intestine length index, intestine protein content, trypsin activity in hepatopancreas and intestine, lipase activity in proximal and mid‐intestine (MI) and hepatopancreas, alkaline phosphatase and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase activities in intestine, creatine kinase activities in the mid‐ and distal intestine, intestinal folds height in the proximal and MI were significantly increased with increased Glu. Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents in the intestine decreased with increased Glu. Superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, glutathione reducase, catalase and total superoxide dismutase activities, and glutathione content in the intestine were increased with increased Glu. These results suggested that dietary Glu supplementation increased intestinal antioxidant capacity, digestive and absorptive ability and improved fish growth.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Invasion and metastasis are the major features of malignant tumors that are responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. Recently, microRNAs have been discovered to have a role in suppressing tumor ...metastasis. This study's aim was to clarify the roles of miR-145 in gastric carcinomas and its underlying molecular mechanism in regulating tumor metastasis. Here, we demonstrate a stepwise downregulation of miR-145 level in nontumorous gastric mucosa, primary gastric cancers and their secondary metastases. In vitro analysis of miR-145's ectopic expression and loss-of-function suggests that it suppresses gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. In vivo spontaneous metastasis and experimental metastasis assay further confirm its function in suppressing the invasion-metastasis cascade, including impairing local invasion and inhibiting hematogenous metastasis in gastric cancers. Furthermore, we identified a novel mechanism of miR-145 to suppress metastasis. N-cadherin (CDH2) was proved to be a direct target of miR-145, using luciferase assay and western blot. Re-expressing N-cadherin in miR-145-transfected cells reverses their migration and invasion defects. Although not a direct target of miR-145, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), but not MMP2, was also significantly decreased in miR-145-expressing cells. We suggest that miR-145 suppresses tumor metastasis by inhibiting N-cadherin protein translation, and then indirectly downregulates its downstream effector MMP9.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Waves around the lower hybrid frequency are frequently observed at Earth's magnetopause and readily reach very large amplitudes. Determining the properties of lower hybrid waves is crucial because ...they are thought to contribute to electron and ion heating, cross‐field particle diffusion, anomalous resistivity, and energy transfer between electrons and ions. All these processes could play an important role in magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause and the evolution of the boundary layer. In this paper, the properties of lower hybrid waves at Earth's magnetopause are investigated using the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. For the first time, the properties of the waves are investigated using fields and direct particle measurements. The highest‐resolution electron moments resolve the velocity and density fluctuations of lower hybrid waves, confirming that electrons remain approximately frozen in at lower hybrid wave frequencies. Using fields and particle moments, the dispersion relation is constructed and the wave‐normal angle is estimated to be close to 90° to the background magnetic field. The waves are shown to have a finite parallel wave vector, suggesting that they can interact with parallel propagating electrons. The observed wave properties are shown to agree with theoretical predictions, the previously used single‐spacecraft method, and four‐spacecraft timing analyses. These results show that single‐spacecraft methods can accurately determine lower hybrid wave properties.
Key Points
The velocity and density fluctuations of magnetopause lower hybrid waves are resolved, showing that electrons are approximately frozen in
Lower hybrid wave dispersion relation and wave‐normal angle are computed from fields and particle measurements
Single‐ and multi‐spacecraft methods yield consistent lower hybrid wave properties, confirming the accuracy of single‐spacecraft methods
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The signaling mediated by c-MET and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been implicated in malignant progression of cancer involving stimulation of proliferation, invasion and metastasis. ...We studied the c-MET/HGF axis as a mediator of tumor-stromal interaction in ovarian cancer and the value of targeting c-MET for the treatment of ovarian cancer. To assess c-MET signaling, we established in vitro models of the microenvironment using primary and immortalized human fibroblasts from normal ovary and tumor samples and epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. We found that fibroblast from normal ovaries secreted high levels of HGF (1500-3800 pg/ml) as compared with tumor-derived fibroblasts (undetectable level) and could elicit cellular biological responses on c-MET-expressing ovarian cancer cells including increase of cell proliferation and migration (2- to 140-fold increase). HGF secreted by fibroblasts was also found sequestered within extracellular matrices (ECMs) and when degraded this ECM-derived HGF stimulated cancer cell migration (1.5- to 24-fold). In cells containing constitutive c-MET phosphorylation, recombinant HGF and fibroblast-derived HGF negligibly affect c-MET phosphorylation on Tyr(1234) and Tyr(1003). However, both sources of HGF increased the phosphorylation of c-MET on Tyr(1349), the multi-substrate docking site, by more than sixfold and led to activation of downstream signaling transducers. DCC-2701 (Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC), a novel c-MET/TIE-2/VEGFR inhibitor was able to effectively reduce tumor burden in vivo and block c-MET pTyr(1349)-mediated signaling, cell growth and migration as compared with a HGF antagonist in vitro. Importantly, DCC-2701's anti-proliferative activity was dependent on c-MET activation induced by stromal human fibroblasts and to a lesser extent exogenous HGF. Our data suggest for the first time that DCC-2701 may be superior to HGF antagonists that are in clinical trials and that pTyr(1349) levels might be a good indicator of c-MET activation and likely response to targeted therapy as a result of signals from the microenvironment.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Dapsone is an important medication for the treatment of leprosy, but a life-threatening drug hypersensitivity syndrome develops in some patients. In this report from China, an
HLA-B
locus is ...identified as a strong genetic risk factor for the syndrome.
Dapsone (4-4′-sulfonyldianiline), which was first synthesized in 1908,
1
is both an antibiotic and an antiinflammatory agent. Dapsone alone or in combination with other drugs has been used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases (e.g., leprosy, malaria, and actinomycetoma, as well as
Pneumocystis jirovecii
pneumonia in persons with human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection) and chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils or eosinophils (e.g., dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA dermatosis, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, and erythema elevatum diutinum).
2
,
3
About 0.5 to 3.6% of persons treated with dapsone have a drug hypersensitivity syndrome,
3
–
5
which was first described by . . .
Highlights • Two regimens as the first line treatment in adult LCH were compared. • Two regimens for the treatment of adult SS-m or MS LCH showed similar efficacy. • Treatment with two regimens was ...associated with a high recurrence rate.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
PDF
