In this paper, we consider a class of almost periodically forced neutral delayed equation, which arises from population model with delays. A threshold parameter in terms of basic reproduction ratio ...R_0 is introduced into this neutral system. We derive the strongly subhomonogenous property of skew-product semiflow generated by the linearized neutral system under the assumptions of non-neutral case. We show that the positive almost periodic solution is globally stable by applying the approach of monotone skew-product semiflow. Finally, as a classical example, we illustrate the asymptotic behavior of Nicholson model with neutral type delays by using of the new theoretical results. The dynamical behaviors of neutral delayed equation forced by almost periods in this paper cover automatically some known ones of the non-neutral cases.
It should be noted that the one-way transportation of liquids is of great significance to the separation or collection process and the manipulation of microfluids can effectively solve many practical ...problems, such as oil-water separation, fog-harvesting and so on. Fortunately, asymmetric wettability endows bioinspired Janus membranes (JMs) with special driving forces for unidirectional liquid transportation, which is of great potential in microfluidic manipulation. In this review, recent research advances in JMs are summarized with the focus on the development process, basic wetting properties and classifications of JMs. Based on different prepared materials, bioinspired special JMs can be divided into three categories as follows: polymeric Janus membranes, polymeric-inorganic Janus membranes and inorganic Janus membranes. Next, special attention is paid to the systematic physical mechanisms of unidirectional transport. Also outlined are current and potential applications in oil-water separation, membrane distillation, fog-harvesting, sensors and so on. Finally, a perspective on the future of bioinspired superwetting JM research and development is proposed.
A comprehensive insight about Janus membranes is provided from their unidirectional transport behaviors and systematic physical mechanisms to asymmetric-wettability-dominated applications, which brings a new perspective to the manipulation of microfluids.
The essence of rational design syntheses of functional inorganic materials lies in understanding and control of crystal structures that determine the physical properties. AgGaS2 has the highest ...figure of merit for IR nonlinear optical interactions to date, but suffers low laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT). The partial Li substitution of Ag atoms is now shown to push up the bottom of the conduction band and flatten the top of the valence band, leading to an ultrawide band gap of 3.40 eV (record high for AgGaS2, indicating a transparency edging nearly 180 nm shorter than that of AgGaS2), which gives Li0.60Ag0.40GaS2 a LIDT 8.6 times stronger when AgGaS2 is compared. Li0.60Ag0.40GaS2 exhibits 1.1 times stronger nonlinear susceptibility, which is because the energy‐favorable Li substitution gradually decreases the sulfur dislocation in the lattice, which allows a better geometric superposition of nonlinear optical tensors.
Lithium substitution maintains the symmetry of AgGaS2 structure and leads to an ultrawide band gap, simultaneously enhanced laser induced damage threshold (LIDT), and large second harmonic generation (SHG) that are otherwise inversely correlated. These enhancements are governed by the energy‐favorable decrease in dislocation in the lattice.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Rumination is strongly and consistently correlated with depression. Although multiple studies have explored the neural correlates of rumination, findings have been inconsistent and the mechanisms ...underlying rumination remain elusive. Functional brain imaging studies have identified areas in the default mode network (DMN) that appear to be critically involved in ruminative processes. However, a meta-analysis to synthesize the findings of brain regions underlying rumination is currently lacking. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis consisting of experimental tasks that investigate rumination by using Signed Differential Mapping of 14 fMRI studies comprising 286 healthy participants. Furthermore, rather than treat the DMN as a unitary network, we examined the contribution of three DMN subsystems to rumination. Results confirm the suspected association between rumination and DMN activation, specifically implicating the DMN core regions and the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex subsystem. Based on these findings, we suggest a hypothesis of how DMN regions support rumination and present the implications of this model for treating major depressive disorder characterized by rumination.
•Rumination is strongly and consistently correlated with depression.•Meta-analyze the findings of brain regions regarding to rumination.•Specifically examined the contribution of three DMN subsystems to rumination.•Rumination is specifically correlated with the DMN core regions and the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex subsystem.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Novel molybdenum(VI/V) POM‐based self‐constructed frameworks MoVI12O24(μ2‐O)12(trz)6(H2O)6 ⋅ 6Hma ⋅ 18H2O (1, Htrz=1H‐1,2,3‐triazole, ma=methylamine), MoVI7O14(μ2‐O)8(trz)5(H2O) ⋅ 7Hma ⋅ 5H2O (2), ...Na3MoV6O6(μ2‐O)9(Htrz)3(trz)3 ⋅ 7.5H2O (3) and MoV8O8(μ2‐O)12(Htrz)8 ⋅ 30H2O (4) have been covalently decorated with tri‐coordinated deprotonated/protonated 1,2,3‐triazoles. Channels with an inner diameter of 7.5 Å were found in 1, whereas a tunnel composed of stacking molecules with an inner diameter of 4.1 Å along the b‐axis exists in 2; it is occupied by free disordered methylamines, showing selective adsorption of O2 and CO2 at 25 °C. Obvious downfield shifts were observed by 13C NMR spectroscopies for methylamines inside the confined channels in 1 and 2. There are diversified pores in 3 and 4, which are formed by the molecules themselves and intermolecular accumulations. Adsorption tests indicate that 3 and 4 are fine adsorption materials for CH4 and CO2 under low pressure that rely on the environments built by the POMs. Correspondingly, 1 and 2 display reversible photoresponsive thermochromism that is subtlety influenced by the channels. The polyoxometalate organic frameworks (POMOFs) with multiple functional adsorptions are easy to assemble. Their photo‐/thermoresponse properties offer a new pathway for the self‐constructions of one‐off hybrid materials that possess the good properties of both POMs and MOFs.
Best of both worlds: Novel intrinsic polyoxometalate (POM)‐based microporous frameworks with 1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles as auxiliary agents possess an impressive interrelated nature derived from both POM and MOFs, for example, excellent adsorption affinities for common gases like CO2, O2 and CH4 as well as admirable photochromic properties.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Clinical trials have investigated the weight loss effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA) in adults with obesity without diabetes mellitus, but results for weight loss ...efficacy were varied. We aimed to provide an up‐to‐date systematic review and meta‐analysis for overall weight loss effect of GLP‐1 RA in adults with obesity and overweight without diabetes mellitus. We retrieved eligible randomized control trials that assessed the weight loss effect of GLP‐1 RA in adults (≥18 years old) without type 1/type 2 diabetes up to September 30, 2021, using Pubmed and Embase. Of 36 clinical trials assessed for eligibility, 12 trials were included, with a combined total of 11,459 participants. Compared with control groups, a more significant weight loss was seen in GLP‐1 RA groups with an overall mean difference of −7.1 kg (95% CI −9.2 to −5.0) (I2 = 99%). The overall analysis results showed that GLP‐1 RA improved glycemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemic events. Better control of blood pressure and plasma levels of LDL, HDL, and triglycerides was seen with GLP‐1 RA treatment. Subgroup analysis showed greater treatment effect of semaglutide than liraglutide. Vomiting, nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain were GLP‐1 RA‐associated common adverse effects.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Mobile power sources (MPSs), including electric vehicle fleets, truck-mounted mobile energy storage systems, and mobile emergency generators, have great potential to enhance distribution system (DS) ...resilience against extreme weather events. However, their dispatch is not well investigated. This paper implements resilient routing and scheduling of MPSs via a two-stage framework. In the first stage, i.e., before the event, MPSs are pre-positioned in the DS to enable rapid pre-restoration, in order to enhance survivability of the electricity supply to critical loads. DS network is also proactively reconfigured into a less impacted or stressed state. A two-stage robust optimization model is constructed and solved by the column-and-constraint generation algorithm to derive first-stage decisions. In the second stage, i.e., after the event, MPSs are dynamically dispatched in the DS to coordinate with conventional restoration efforts, so as to enhance system recovery. A novel mixed-integer programming model that resolves different timescales of MPS dispatch and DS operation, coupling of road and power networks, etc., is formulated to optimize dynamic dispatch of MPSs. Case studies conducted on IEEE 33-node and 123-node test systems demonstrate the proposed method's effectiveness in routing and scheduling MPSs for DS resilience enhancement.
Calcium carbonate (CaCO
3
) is an important inorganic mineral in biological and geological systems. Traditionally, it is widely used in plastics, papermaking, ink, building materials, textiles, ...cosmetics, and food. Over the last decade, there has been rapid development in the controlled synthesis and surface modification of CaCO
3
, the stabilization of amorphous CaCO
3
(ACC), and CaCO
3
-based nanostructured materials. In this review, the controlled synthesis of CaCO
3
is first examined, including Ca
2+
-CO
3
2−
systems, solid-liquid-gas carbonation, water-in-oil reverse emulsions, and biomineralization. Advancing insights into the nucleation and crystallization of CaCO
3
have led to the development of efficient routes towards the controlled synthesis of CaCO
3
with specific sizes, morphologies, and polymorphs. Recently-developed surface modification methods of CaCO
3
include organic and inorganic modifications, as well as intensified surface reactions. The resultant CaCO
3
can then be further engineered
via
template-induced biomineralization and layer-by-layer assembly into porous, hollow, or core-shell organicinorganic nanocomposites. The introduction of CaCO
3
into nanostructured materials has led to a significant improvement in the mechanical, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties of such materials, with the resultant CaCO
3
-based nanostructured materials showing great potential for use in biomaterials and biomedicine, environmental remediation, and energy production and storage. The influences that the preparation conditions and additives have on ACC preparation and stabilization are also discussed. Studies indicate that ACC can be used to construct environmentally-friendly hybrid films, supramolecular hydrogels, and drug vehicles. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions of the controlled synthesis and functionalization of CaCO
3
and its expanding applications are highlighted.
Various new strategies have been recently developed to produce CaCO
3
micro-/nanoparticles with controlled size, morphology, polymorphism and crystallinity, which are then surface modified, functionalized and hierarchically assembled to yield medical, environmental, and energy materials.
Chiral chromophores and their ordered assemblies are intriguing for yielding circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and exploring intrinsic structure–light emission relationships. With the ...extensively studied chiral organic molecules and inorganic nanoparticle assemblies for the amplified CPL, the assemblies of copper halide hybrid clusters have attracted intensive attention due to their potential efficient CPL. Here, we report robust chiral phosphine–copper iodide hybrid clusters and their layered assemblies in crystalline states for amplified CPL. We reveal that the intermolecular interactions endow the clusters with the capability of assembling into chiral crystalline CPL materials, including hexagonal platelet-shaped microcrystals (g lum ≈ 9.5 × 10–3) and highly oriented crystalline films (g lum ≈ 5 × 10–3). Owing to the high crystalline feature of the thin film, we demonstrate an electroluminescent device with bright electroluminescence (1200 cd m–2).
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The cyanine fluorophores, a kind of classic organic fluorophores, are famous for their high extinction coefficient, simple synthetic route, and relatively long absorption and emission wavelengths. ...Moreover, the excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity in biological samples make cyanine fluorophores show excellent application value in the biomedical field, especially in Near-Infrared II (NIR-II) sensing and imaging. In this review, we briefly outline the history, characteristics, and current state of development of cyanine fluorophores. In particular, we described the application of cyanine fluorophores in NIR-II sensing and imaging. We hope this review can help researchers grab the latest information in the fast-growing field of cyanine fluorophores for NIR-II sensing and imaging.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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