Microplastic (MP) pollution has become an area of increasing concern because MPs accumulate various types of pollutants. Many previous studies have explored the interactions between MPs and ...hydrophobic pollutants. However, little research has been conducted on hydrophilic pollutants, which are of much higher concentration and ubiquitous in environment. Surfactants cause hydrophobic MPs to become hydrophilic, which may significantly enhance their capacities to adsorb hydrophilic pollutants. This study explored the influence of co-existing surfactants on the adsorption of ionic organic pollutants by MPs, and found that the presence of an ionic surfactant could significantly enhance the capacity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 0.2 mm) MPs to adsorb pollutants with opposite charges. The Langmuir methylene blue adsorption capacity of PVC could be increased from 172 to 4417 ppm in the presence of a sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate surfactant. Nonionic surfactants impeded the adsorption of both cationic and anionic pollutants due to the steric resistance of the hydrophilic polyethelene glycol chains. The electrostatic interaction mechanism dominated the interfacial behaviors of ionic pollutants on surfactant-adsorbed MP interfaces. The effects of the surfactants were further verified using four different model pollutants and six surfactants. The adsorption capacities of real environmental MPs, including PVC, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), increased by three to twenty-six times. The adsorption properties of MPs may be determined by the presence of co-existing surfactants, rather than their polymer species or additives.
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•Surfactants possess strong influence on the vector effect of MPs.•Electrostatic force plays a key role in the adsorption of ionic pollutants.•Van der Waals’ force between surfactants and pollutants serves as an accomplice.•Nonionic surfactants impede the adsorption of both cationic and anionic pollutants.•Surfactant effect is verified in environmental microplastics.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Background
In this study, we investigated the coping mechanisms and stress perceptions of adolescent patients with Crohn's disease.
Methods
Using semi-structured face-to-face interviews, we ...conducted an extensive qualitative study of the disease perceptions, stress experiences, and corresponding coping mechanisms in adolescent patients with Crohn's disease. We used Colaizzi content analysis to synthesize the themes.
Results
The two main themes in this study were inappropriate coping mechanisms and physical and psychological stress. The primary initiators of physical and psychological stress in adolescents with Crohn's disease were weak disease perception, symptom distress, negative emotions, lack of support, and multiple stressors. The decrease in self-management and self-control induced by the initiators led to changes in cognition, emotions, and attitudes, which subsequently led to poor coping behavior.
Conclusion
Adolescents with Crohn's disease can better combat the condition by implementing appropriate coping strategies. Their mental health should be given attention, and a multidisciplinary team should be assembled to provide them with supportive care.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ashes are used as additives to strengthen bubble walls using the Hall–Petch effect and, as a result, a larger bubble can be produced in the bubble-spinning process, and it can last for a longer ...period. The fiber morphology can be easily controlled by the amount of ashes added. Two-dimensional nanobelts can be fabricated when the ashes ratio reaches a certain threshold.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Structural and functional connectivity methods are changing how researchers conceptualize and explore neuropsychiatric disease. Here, we summarize emerging evidence of large-scale network dysfunction ...in Alzheimer’s disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, focusing on the divergent impact these disorders have on the default mode network and the salience network. We update a working model for understanding the functions of these networks within a broader anatomical context and highlight the relevance of this model for understanding psychiatric illness. Finally, we look ahead to persistent challenges in the application of network-based imaging methods to patients with Alzheimer’s disease, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, and other neuropsychiatric conditions. Recent advances and persistent needs are discussed, with an eye toward anticipating the hurdles that must be overcome for a network-based framework to clarify the biology of psychiatric illness and aid in the drug discovery process.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A series of new soliton solutions is presented for the inhomogeneous variable coefficient Hirota equation by using the Riemann–Hilbert method and transformation relationship. Firstly, through a ...standard dressing procedure, the N-soliton matrix associated with the simple zeros in the Riemann–Hilbert problem for the Hirota equation is constructed. Then the N-soliton matrix of the inhomogeneous variable coefficient Hirota equation can be obtained by a special relationship transformation from the N-soliton matrix of the Hirota equation. Next, using the generalized Darboux transformation, the high-order soliton solutions corresponding to the elementary high-order zeros in the Riemann–Hilbert problem for the Hirota equation can be derived. Similarly, employing the relationship transformation mentioned above can lead to the high-order soliton solutions of the inhomogeneous variable coefficient Hirota equation. In addition, the collision dynamics of Hirota and inhomogeneous variable coefficient Hirota equations are analyzed; the asymptotic behaviors for multi-solitons and long-term asymptotic estimates for the high-order one-soliton of the Hirota equation are concretely calculated. Most notably, by analyzing the dynamics of the multi-solitons and high-order solitons of the inhomogeneous variable coefficient Hirota equation, we discover numerous new waveforms such as heart-shaped periodic wave solutions, O-shaped periodic wave solutions etc. that have never been reported before, which are crucial in theory and practice.
•Construct high-order soliton solutions for the variable coefficient Hirota equation.•Construct solutions of the Hirota equation by the Riemann-Hilbert method.•Obtain solutions of variable coefficient equation by relationship transformation.•Collision dynamics, asymptotic behaviors and long-term asymptotic are analyzed.•Discover numerous new waveforms that have never been reported before.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Mounting evidence suggests that gut microbiota can play an important role in pathophysiology of depression, but its specific molecular mechanisms are still unclear. This study was conducted to ...explore the associations between changes in neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and altered gut microbiota in depressed mice. Here, the chronic restraint stress (CRS) model of depression was built. The classical behavioral tests were conducted to assess the depressive-like behaviors of mice. The 16S rRNA gene sequence extracted from fecal samples was used to assess the gut microbial composition. Liquid and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy were used to identify neurotransmitters in hypothalamus and SCFAs in fecal samples, respectively. Finally, 29 differential bacteria taxa between depressed mice and control mice were identified, and the most differentially abundant bacteria taxa were genus Allobaculum and family Ruminococcaceae between the two groups. The acetic acid, propionic acid, pentanoic acid, norepinephrine, 5-HIAA and 5-HT were significantly decreased in depressed mice compared to control mice. Genus Allobaculum was found to be significantly positively correlated with acetic acid and 5-HT. Taken together, these results provided novel microbial and metabolic frameworks for understanding the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in depression, and suggested new insights to pave the way for novel therapeutic methods.
Leaf angle is an important agronomic trait and influences crop architecture and yield. Studies have demonstrated the roles of phytohormones, particularly auxin and brassinosteroids, and various ...factors in controlling leaf inclination. However, the underlying mechanism especially the upstream regulatory networks still need being clarified. Here we report the functional characterization of rice leaf inclination3 (LC3), a SPOC domain-containing transcription suppressor, in regulating leaf inclination through interacting with LIP1 (LC3-interacting protein 1), a HIT zinc finger domain-containing protein. LC3 deficiency results in increased leaf inclination and enhanced expressions of OsIAA12 and OsGH3.2. Being consistent, transgenic plants with OsIAA12 overexpression or deficiency of OsARF17 which interacts with OsIAA12 do present enlarged leaf inclination. LIP1 directly binds to promoter regions of OsIAA12 and OsGH3.2, and interacts with LC3 to synergistically suppress auxin signaling. Our study demonstrate the distinct effects of IAA12-ARF17 interactions in leaf inclination regulation, and provide informative clues to elucidate the functional mechanism of SPOC domain-containing transcription suppressor and fine-controlled network of lamina joint development by LC3-regulated auxin homeostasis and auxin signaling through.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A novel sulfonate–carboxylate ligand of biphenyl-3,3′-disulfonyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (H4–BPDSDC) and its lanthanide–organic frameworks {LnK(BPDSDC)(DMF)(H2O)·x(solvent)} n (JXNU-2, where JXNU ...denotes Jiangxi Normal University, DMF indicates dimethylformamide, and Ln = Sm3+, Eu3+, and Pr3+) were synthesized and structurally characterized. The three isomorphous lanthanide compounds feature three-dimensional frameworks constructed from one-dimensional (1D) rod-shaped heterometallic Ln–K secondary building units and are an illustration of a Kagome-like lattice with large 1D hexagonal channels and small 1D trigonal channels. The porous material of the representive JXNU-2(Sm) has an affinity to quadrupolar molecules such as CO2 and C2H2. In addition, the JXNU-2(Sm) compound exhibits humidity- and temperature-dependent proton conductivity with a large value of 1.11 × 10–3 S cm–1 at 80 °C and 98% relative humidity. The hydrophilic sulfonate group on the surface of channels facilitates enrichment of the solvate water molecules in the channels, which enhances the proton conductivity of this material. Moreover, the JXNU-2(Eu) material with the characteristic bright red color shows the potential for recognition of K+ and Fe3+ ions. The enhancing Eu3+ luminescence with the K+ ion and quenching Eu3+ luminescence with the Fe3+ ion can be associated with the functional groups of the organic ligand.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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