This paper provides a new method to implement substrate integrated defected ground structure (SIDGS)-based bandpass filter (BPF) with adjustable frequency and controllable bandwidth. Compared with ...previous literature, this method implements a new SIDGS-like resonator capable of tunable frequency in the same plane as the slotted line using a varactor diode, increasing the design flexibility. In addition, the method solves the problem that the tunable BPF constituted by the SIDGS resonator cannot control the bandwidth by introducing a T-shaped non-resonant unit. The theoretical design method and the structural design are shown. Moreover, the configured structure is fabricated and measured to show the validity of the design method in this paper.
Under the requirements of the national carbon reduction target, the recycling and remanufacturing of scrap iron and steel are taken by major iron and steel enterprises as requirements for ...implementing industrial carbon emission reduction and are incorporated into their production strategies. The scheduling optimization of scrap iron and steel remanufacturing processes plays an important role in the energy saving and emission reduction of iron and steel enterprises. In this paper, a remanufacturing production decision model for scrap iron and steel considering both the product delivery time and carbon emissions was established, and a discrete krill swarm algorithm was designed to solve the multiobjective production decision model. The effectiveness of the model and the algorithm was verified by an example, demonstrating a good decision-making reference for the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction in iron and steel enterprises.
This paper proposes a novel multi-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator loaded with asymmetric E-shaped slot-lines and shows a tri-band band-pass filter (BPF) using the proposed ...structure. In the previous literature, various SIW resonators have been proposed to simultaneously solve the problems of large area and high insertion loss. Although these SIWs have a lower insertion loss than planar-type resonators using a printed circuit board, the size of these structures tends to be larger. A multi-layer SIW resonator loaded with asymmetric E-shaped slot-lines can solve the above problems and realize a tri-band BPF without increasing the size to realize further miniaturization. The theoretical design method and the structural design are shown. Moreover, the configured structure is fabricated and measured for showing the validity of the design method in this paper.
Abstract
Background
Payment methods for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine could substantially influence vaccination behavior. In China, HPV vaccination uptake remains currently low. This study aims ...to determine willingness to pay (WTP) for HPV vaccines among Chinese female health care workers under different payment scenarios.
Methods
This is a nationwide online survey recruiting female health care workers aged 18–45 years from 31 provinces throughout China. We collected the respondents’ vaccination status of HPV vaccines and their sociodemographics. Two WTPs were defined and estimated in the study. A general WTP for HPV vaccination was determined using the contingent valuation method with double dichotomous choice bidding. A WTP out-of-pocket was estimated for each HPV vaccine under two scenarios, including partial coverage by governmental subsidy or partial incorporation in basic medical insurance. Accordingly, a multivariable linear regression model was employed to determine the association between sociodemographis and general WTP. Then the maximum WTP out-of-pocket was compared among the respondents’ attitude shift towards HPV vaccination, payment scenarios, and levels of vaccine attributes, using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results
A total of 15,969 respondents were included in the study. The median general WTP was 2000 CNY (interquartile range, 1000–3200 CNY), positively associated with younger age, unmarried status, higher monthly income, fewer children, more positive vaccination behavior, working in tertiary hospital, higher local GDP and HDI (each
P
< 0.05). Moreover, the median WTP out-of-pocket was 1250 CNY (540–2000 CNY). It was significantly higher for vaccines partly covered by governmental subsidy (median, 1250 CNY; interquartile range, 560–2000 CNY), imported vaccines (1260 CNY; 630–1960 CNY), and 9-valent vaccines (1400 CNY; 750–2240 CNY) (each
P
< 0.001). Additionally, majority of respondents did not change their attitude towards HPV vaccination between two payment scenarios; those remaining with more expensive HPV vaccines (51.1%) had higher WTP out-of-pocket (1400 CNY; 560–2250 CNY) than those with cheaper vaccines (39.0%) (1120 CNY; 490–1960 CNY) (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion
Chinese female health care workers have high WTP for HPV vaccines. A direct public funding for HPV vaccination is more preferable. Our findings may facilitate the adjustment of HPV vaccination strategy and payment mechanism in China.
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CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper proposes a new structure based on substrate integrated defected ground structure (SIDGS), and uses this structure to construct a compact triplexer with narrow bandwidth. Compared with the ...previous literatures related to the triplexer, the triplexer formed by this structure has a smaller size. In addition, the structure has good scalability and can be composed of any number of multiplexers without worrying about the coupling between the slots, which has favorable design flexibility. Moreover, the method of designing a multiplexer using this structure is also given, simulated, fabricated, and measured to prove the method's effectiveness.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been proven to be the most effective method to prevent cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the HPV vaccination behavior and preference in Chinese ...female health care workers. A nationwide cross-sectional study was performed to recruit 15,967 respondents aged 18–45 years from 31 provinces in China’s mainland in 2021. Of them, 30.0% have been vaccinated or have made an appointment. Regardless of actual vaccination status, respondents mostly preferred the 9-valent HPV vaccine (58.6%), followed by 4-valent (15.6%) and 2-valent vaccines (3.1%); additionally, 17.9% did not have a preference. Moreover, health beliefs on HPV and HPV vaccination were measured using a health belief model (HBM) analysis. Six HBM constructs differed significantly by HPV vaccination status. Higher levels of perceived susceptibility (beta = 0.074), perceived benefit (beta = 0.072), self-efficacy (beta = 0.304), and cues to action (beta = 0.039) scales were significantly associated with increasing HPV vaccine uptake. In contrast, perceived severity (beta = −0.019) and perceived barriers (beta = −0.089) were negative factors. In conclusion, HPV vaccine uptake is high in Chinese female health care workers. HBM constructs may be effective in facilitating the improvement and delivery of targeted intervention programs to increase HPV vaccine uptake.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake remains low in China, especially among girls. Recently, China has initiated a pilot program on HPV immunization for girls aged 9-14 years. We conducted a ...cross-sectional online survey in Minhang district of Shanghai, a pilot region for the program, to investigate HPV vaccination status among mothers and their daughters 9-14. A total of 1031 parents and 1122 daughters 9-14 were included. Of them, 18.6% of mothers and 4.5% of daughters had been vaccinated with HPV vaccines or made an appointment; additionally, 62.7% and 78.4% intended to receive vaccination but did not make an appointment. Notably, 6.2% of parents did not intend to receive vaccination for themselves (or their wives) but intended to vaccinate their daughters. Moreover, we calculated parental knowledge and awareness scores toward HPV infection and vaccination. Both scores were significantly higher among the parents who had received HPV vaccination than those who intended to across mothers' vaccination status (P < .001 for knowledge and P = .019 for awareness), whereas similar between the two groups across daughters' vaccination status (P = .694 and P = .737). Parents believed mothers had a significantly higher susceptibility to HPV infection and lower health consequences, compared to daughters 9-12 (P = .002 and P < .001) or those 13-14 (both P < .001). In conclusion, HPV vaccine uptake remains a discrepancy between mothers and their daughters 9-14. However, their intents to receive HPV vaccination were both high. Parental knowledge and awareness may improve vaccination intent for daughters 9-14 in China. It warrants a certain health education toward susceptibility to HPV infection and health consequences.
With the improvement of social productivity, high-quality power supply is the main requirement for the power industry. To ensure the stability of power supply, power supply companies need to ...regularly maintain and repair power equipment, during which the use of grounding wire devices is necessary to protect the working process of maintenance personnel. The existing TV, lightning arrester, and circuit isolation switches of 110kV and above grades in substations mostly use the vertical wire connection method to connect with the equipment. During equipment maintenance, there is a risk of virtual connection and dropping when maintenance personnel install grounding wires on such wires, which threatens the safety of the power grid and personnel. To ensure smooth and stable substation equipment maintenance, a vertical wire clamp mechanism and wiring device have been developed, which not only improves the efficiency of maintenance operations and reduces the labor intensity of maintenance personnel but also reduces the work risks during maintenance operations, and is worth promoting in the industry.
Gefitinib exhibits very limited efficacy in gastric cancer (GC). Indeed, the limited clinical results obtained with gefitinib alone justify investigation of additional therapeutic strategies. Here, ...we demonstrate the importance of EGFR and HER2 in GC malignancy using RNA interference (RNAi). Additionally, we explored the ability of RNAi targeting EGFR and HER2 to enhance the sensitivity of GC cells to gefitinib. Specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) significantly inhibited mRNA and protein expression of target genes. EGFR‐specific siRNA, EGFR/HER2 siRNAs, and gefitinib inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in GC cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner. In contrast, resistance to HER2‐siRNA‐induced growth inhibition and apoptosis was linked to compensatory activation of EGFR. Moreover, gefitinib dramatically reduced p‐EGFR and p‐HER2 levels in the cell lines tested, and sensitivity to gefitinib was enhanced through dual silencing of EGFR and HER2 via suppression of AKT and ERK activation. These findings are in agreement with the profound inhibitory effect of gefitinib on activation of both EGFR and HER2. Overall, EGFR/HER2 knockdown by siRNAs further decreased the growth of GC cells treated with gefitinib alone, confirming that single‐agent drug targeting does not achieve a maximal biological effect. The combination of gefitinib with EGFR/HER2 siRNAs should be further investigated as a new strategy for the treatment of GC and other EGFR/HER2‐dependent cancers.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•A novel scheme, termed mixed cell compressed sparse row (mCCSR) is proposed to address the sparsity, block structure, and partial sub-matrix symmetry in the matrix.•Time domain boundary element ...method (TDBEM) in elastodynamics.•The compression performance of mCCSR scheme is much better than other compression methods in TDBEM, such as adaptive cross approximation (ACA) method.
In this paper, a novel mixed cell compressed sparse row (mCCSR) scheme is proposed to address the sparsity, block structure, and partial sub-matrix symmetry inherent in the coefficient matrix of the time domain boundary element method (TDBEM) in elastodynamics. The impulse function used in the fundamental solution of TDBEM introduces a time-lag phenomenon in the responses originating from the excitation point, resulting in sparsity within the coefficient matrix involved in convolutional integration at each time step. Furthermore, the fundamental solution of the displacement in the boundary integral equation exhibits symmetry between the component indices, leading to symmetry in the displacement coefficient sub-matrix. In contrast, the traction coefficient sub-matrix lacks such symmetry. The mCCSR scheme is proposed to efficiently store these two types of coefficient matrices in TDBEM, along with a detailed explanation of the corresponding matrix operations and the GMRES iteration solution method. The innovative scheme significantly reduces the number of indicators compared to the general compressed sparse row (CSR) scheme and is suitable for loop unrolling to accelerate computation. Examples are presented to analyze the factors affecting the average proportion of non-zero entries. Additionally, this paper also suggests a scale indicator for assessing computational capability, facilitating a performance comparison with the conventional method, adaptive cross approximation method (ACA), CSR scheme, and mCCSR scheme. The results demonstrate that mCCSR scheme achieves the computational capacity scale 5–10 times and computing speed 15–20 times faster than the conventional method, which significantly outperforms both the ACA scheme and the CSR scheme.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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