The anti-inflammatory effect of mogroside V (MGV) and the target genes and pathways modulated by MGV in the inflammatory response.
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•Mogroside V have anti-inflammatory effects in vivo ...and in vitro.•Mogroside V can inhibit the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.•Mogroside V can regulate the MAPK-NF-κB/AP-1 and AMPK-PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways.•mTOR may be plays an important new target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
To evaluate the anti-inflammatory function of mogroside V (MGV) and its molecular mechanism, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model were used in the study. Results indicated that MGV (100 mg/kg/day) supplementation in diet improved the health status of mice. Western blot results showed that MGV inhibited the expression pro-inflammatory factors of colonic tissues. MGV significantly reduced the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, also inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs. MGV promoted the activation of AMPK and inhibition the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) and SC79 (Akt activator) reversed the alleviating effect of MGV on the expression pro-inflammatory factors via a hub molecule of mTOR, indicating that MGV inhibits LPS-stimulated inflammation by triggering the AMPK-PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Collectively, MGV can potentially be used in the treatments of ulcerative colitis, and it exerts anti-inflammatory effect via MAPK-NF-κB/AP-1 and AMPK-PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in ulcerative colitis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The sorption behavior of CO2 and CH4 on activated carbon in the presence of water was comparatively studied. The equilibrium sorption data of CO2 and CH4 on an activated carbon with a wide pore-size ...distribution were collected at the temperature of hydrate formation in the presence of different amounts of water. Differently from methane, the sorption behavior of CO2 was remarkably affected by pore dimension of activated carbons no matter the carbon is wet or dry. It affects the isotherm shape and the molar ratio of water to the fixed CO2 in wet carbon. This effect of pore dimension and the difference in the sorption behavior between CO2 and CH4 were explained based on the possibility of condensation and dissolution. The enthalpy change was evaluated on the basis of the sorption data at different temperatures for the formation of CO2 and CH4 hydrates in the pore spaces of the tested carbon.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Epidermal cells are the main avenue for signal and material exchange between plants and the environment. Leaf epidermal cells primarily include pavement cells, guard cells, and trichome cells. The ...development and distribution of different epidermal cells are tightly regulated by a complex transcriptional regulatory network mediated by phytohormones, including jasmonic acid, and transcription factors. How the fate of leaf epidermal cells is determined, however, is still largely unknown due to the diversity of cell types and the complexity of their regulation. Here, we characterized the transcriptional profiles of epidermal cells in 3-day-old true leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana using single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified two genes encoding BASIC LEUCINE-ZIPPER (bZIP) transcription factors, namely
and
, which are highly expressed in pavement cells and early-stage meristemoid cells. Densities of pavement cells and trichome cells were found to increase and decrease, respectively, in
and
mutants, compared with wild-type plants. This trend was more pronounced in the presence of jasmonic acid, suggesting that these transcription factors regulate the development of trichome cells and pavement cells in response to jasmonic acid.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A glassy carbon electrode modified with Bi, Nafion and 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MES)–tethered polyaniline (PANI) was applied to sensitively detect Pb
2
+
and Cd
2
+
by square wave anodic stripping ...voltammetry. The PANI–MES interaction was examined by quartz crystal microbalance and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. The electrode modification of thiolated PANI exhibits a higher analytical sensitivity versus that of pristine PANI, because the coordination of Pb
2
+
and Cd
2
+
with S atoms in the thiolated PANI film can improve their preconcentration efficiencies. Under optimum conditions, the linear calibration curves ranged from 0.1 to 30
μg
L
−
1
for Pb
2
+
and 0.1 to 20
μg
L
−
1
for Cd
2
+
, with limits of detection (
S/
N
=
3) of 0.05
μg
L
−
1
for Pb
2
+
and 0.04
μg
L
−
1
Cd
2
+
, respectively, after their preconcentration at −
1.2
V vs. SCE in pH 4.0 acetate buffer containing 200
μg
L
−
1
Bi
3
+
for 5
min. This method was successfully applied for analyses of Pb
2
+
and Cd
2
+
in real water samples.
► Stripping electroanalysis of Pb
2+ and Cd
2+ using thiol-ene chemistry of polyaniline. ► Sub-ppb limit of detection of Pb
2+ and Cd
2+. ► Examination of the polyaniline thiolation by quartz crystal microbalance and FT-IR.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Due to today’s fast-paced lifestyle, most people are in a state of sub-health and face “unexplained fatigue”, which can seriously affect their health, work efficiency, and quality of life. Fatigue is ...also a common symptom of several serious diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, cancer, etc. However, the contributing mechanisms are not clear, and there are currently no official recommendations for the treatment of fatigue. Some dietary polysaccharides are often used as health care supplements; these have been reported to have specific anti-fatigue effects, with minor side effects and rich pharmacological activities. Dietary polysaccharides can be activated during food processing or during gastrointestinal transit, exerting unique effects. This review aims to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the latest advances in the biological processes of exercise-induced fatigue, to understand dietary polysaccharides and their possible molecular mechanisms in alleviating exercise-induced fatigue, and to systematically elaborate the roles of gut microbiota and the gut-muscle axis in this process. From the perspective of the gut-muscle axis, investigating the relationship between polysaccharides and fatigue will enhance our understanding of fatigue and may lead to a significant breakthrough regarding the molecular mechanism of fatigue. This paper will provide new perspectives for further research into the use of polysaccharides in food science and food nutrition, which could help develop potential anti-fatigue agents and open up novel therapies for sub-health conditions.
A nanocomposite film is prepared by cyclic voltammetric deposition of electroreduced graphene oxide (ERGO) and polythionine (PTH) on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The electrodeposition of ERGO–PTH ...film is also investigated via the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) method for more in-depth understanding of the process. The ERGO–PTH nanocomposite film is applied as transducer for facilitated electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH and for the construction of dehydrogenase-based amperometric biosensor. Under optimum conditions, the amperometric detection of NADH provides a wide linear detection range (0.01–3.9mM), a high sensitivity (143μAmM−1cm−2) and a low limit of detection (LOD=0.1μM, S/N=3). With alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) as a model, we obtain a linear amperometric response of the ADH-modified ERGO–PTH/GC electrode to ethanol concentration from 0.05 to 1.0mM, a sensitivity of 2.8μAmM−1cm−2, and a LOD of 0.3μM (S/N=3).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is primarily caused by long-term excessive alcohol consumption. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a widely occurring natural anthocyanin with multiple biological ...activities. This study aims to investigate the effects of C3G isolated from black rice on ALD and explore the potential mechanism. C57BL/6J mice (male) were fed with standard diet (CON) and Lieber-DeCarli liquid-fed (Eth) or supplemented with a 100 mg/kg/d C3G Diet (Eth-C3G), respectively. Our results showed that C3G could effectively ameliorate the pathological structure and liver function, and also inhibited the accumulation of liver lipids. C3G supplementation could partially alleviate the injury of intestinal barrier in the alcohol-induced mice. C3G supplementation could increase the abundance of
, meanwhile, the abundances of
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
, were decreased. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that 12 distinct genera were correlated with blood lipid levels. Non-targeted metabolic analyses of cecal contents showed that C3G supplementation could affect the composition of intestinal metabolites, particularly bile acids. In conclusion, C3G can attenuate alcohol-induced liver injury by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites, suggesting its potential as a functional food ingredient against alcoholic liver disease.
Over the course of evolution, plants have developed plasticity to acclimate to environmental stresses such as drought and salt stress. These plant adaptation measures involve the activation of ...cascades of molecular networks involved in stress perception, signal transduction and the expression of stress related genes. Here, we investigated the role of the plasma membrane-localized transporter of auxin PINFORMED1 (PIN1) in the regulation of pavement cells (PCs) and guard cells (GCs) development under drought and salt stress conditions. The results showed that drought and salt stress treatment affected the development of PCs and GCs. Further analysis identified the different regulation mechanisms of PIN1 in regulating the developmental patterns of PCs and GCs under drought and salt stress conditions. Drought and salt stress also regulated the expression dynamics of PIN1 in
pif1/3/4/5
quadruple mutants. Collectively, we revealed that PIN1 plays a crucial role in regulating plant epidermal cells development under drought and salt stress conditions, thus contributing to developmental rebustness and plasticity.
Flue gas desulfurization technology is important for coal-fueled power plants, and adsorptive separation of SO2 is a potential method applicable in practice. Large pore SBA-15 with surface modified ...by TEA (triethanolamine) showed excellent performance for the selective adsorption of SO2 from flue gas. The SO2 capacity reached 177 mg/g at 80% TEA loading ratio, while the adsorption of CO2 was negligible. The adsorbent also showed good tolerance to moisture existing in flue gas, and the moisture showed a positive effect on the desulfurization. The saturated adsorbent was regenerated when heated to 120 °C, and the SO2 capacity was almost retained in consecutive adsorption/regeneration cycles.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
