A direct and structurally divergent synthesis of indole alkaloids from very simple 2‐vinylanilines, alkynes and TBN via a novel substrate fragmentation/cycloaddition strategy has been developed, ...which provides an efficient noble‐metal‐free approach to access a library of highly valuable indole derivatives of tryptamines and tryptamine‐related oximes, lactams, and lactones, as well as β‐carbolines, spiroindolines, and hexa‐hydropyrrolo2,3‐bindoles.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The problem of environmental pollution was troubling people in many cities in China, especially PM2.5 pollution. Aiming to a better understanding the influence of long-range transport sources and ...health effect of PM2.5 in Ji'nan, a field observation was carried out in from 23 December 2016 to 25 April 2017. The results showed that primary organic carbon (POC), secondary organic carbon (SOC) and element carbon (EC) during observation in Ji'nan were 5.45, 2.59 and 2.76 μg m−3, respectively. In heavy pollution days, OC and EC likely had similar primary emission and transmission sources. While the contribution of SOC increased in PM2.5 in clear days. Based on the potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis, the emission sources leading to aggravation of PM2.5 pollution in Ji'nan were mainly distributed in the surrounding area of Ji'nan, especially in the eastern and southeastern Shandong. The risk assessment results show that the premature death caused by PM2.5 pollution could reach 666 people, and about 1.47% of total annual deaths in Ji'nan in 2016. The medical consumption related to PM2.5 pollution was about 202 millions USD, accounting for 2.05‰ of the GDP in Ji'nan in 2016. Lung-cancer mortality caused the highest economic cost of 47.97 millions USD, followed by respiratory mortality, chronic bronchitis, cardiovascular mortality, and acute bronchitis.
•Potential regional sources were mainly distributed in Shandong province, especially in southeastern Shandong.•The premature death related to PM2.5 was accounting for 1.47% of all deaths in Ji'nan in 2016.•More than 60 percent of medical consumption was caused by five specific health endpoints.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
For concrete buildings, the tasks of maintenance and reconstruction will rapidly increase with time, and concrete breaking is one of the important technical processes. In this study, it proposed the ...water jet combined with mechanical cutter head breaking concrete technology, which has advantages in efficiency, safety and quality compared with mechanical breaking concrete buildings. To reveal parameter influence rules and damage mechanism of water jet combined with mechanical cutter head breaking concrete, it investigated the experiment of water jet combined with mechanical cutter head breaking concrete under different water jet parameters by orthogonal experiment and numerical simulation. Within the range of water jet parameters studied in this experiment, the order of sensitive factors of water jet parameters is the diameter of the nozzle > the impact time > the water pressure > the jet target distance. Compared with the mechanical breaking methods, the working pressure of the mechanical cutter head can reduce by 10.00%–36.67% in water jet combined with mechanical cutter head. The optimal water jet parameter combination is the 360 MPa of water pressure, the 6 mm of jet target distance, the 80 s of impact time, and the 0.5 mm of diameter of the nozzle. Moreover, based on the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, it established the numerical model of water jet combined with mechanical cutter head breaking concrete, verified by the crack propagation state inside the concrete based on computer tomography (CT). The results demonstrated that at the initial stage of water jet impacting concrete, compressive stress and shear stress caused craters formation; at the stage of continuous impact of water jet, cracks formation in concrete was mainly caused by tensile stress; at the initial stage of mechanical cutter head pressing concrete, concrete was mainly subjected to compressive stress and shear stress resulting in craters development; at the stage of mechanical cutter head penetrating concrete, cracks development was mainly caused by compressive stress and shear stress. The results can provide theoretical supports for the water jet combined with mechanical cutter head breaking concrete buildings.
•The method of water jet combined mechanical breaking concrete is proposed.•Crushing features of water jet combined mechanical breaking concrete are described.•The paper obtains the effects of jet parameters on breaking pressure of cutter head.•A model of water jet combined mechanical breaking concrete is established.•It reveals the damage mechanism of water jet combined mechanical breaking concrete.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Anti-drug antibody (ADA) positivity is correlated with disease relapse risk when treated with monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. ADA evaluation can assist with interpreting pharmacokinetic, ...pharmacological, and toxicology results. Here, we established an ADA assay based on two steps of acid dissociation combined with a bridging immunoassay to provide a comprehensive validation strategy. The three-tiered sample analysis process included screening, confirmation, and titration assays using therapeutic HLX26 (targeting lymphocyte activation gene-3 LAG-3) as an example. The cut points were determined by testing 50 individual normal human serum samples, including screening cut point (SCP) (SNR: 1.08), confirmatory cut point (CCP) (% inhibition: 12.65), and titration cut point (TCP) (sample-to-noise ratio SNR: 1.17). The assay sensitivity, low positive control (LPC), and high positive control (HPC) titer acceptable range were also set up as 33.0 ng/mL, 41.0 ng/mL, and 320–1280, respectively. After full validation, both the intra-assay and inter-assay precision testing passed with coefficient of variations (CVs) < 20%. The assay enabled excellent drug tolerance up to 768.0 μg/mL at the HPC level and 291.0 μg/mL at the LPC level, while the tolerance of target interference was up to 74.0 ng/mL of soluble LAG3. Moreover, no false-positive results were observed in the presence of 5% hemolyzed serum samples and 150 mg/dL of triglyceride in the serum samples, no hook effect was observed, and the stability performed normally under room temperature for 24 h, 2–8 °C for 7 d, and six freeze/thaw cycles. In summary, this ADA assay is feasible and could be used for evaluating the immunogenicity of HLX26 in clinical trials.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) is a mature technique for the real‐time measurement and monitoring of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. In this paper, a modified ...quantification method for PTR‐MS was used to assess the performance of nonthermal plasma (NTP) reactor for the removal of toluene which was widely used in industrial production processes. Toluene and 11 corresponding organic by‐products were tentatively identified and quantified by a proton transfer reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The degradation dynamics of toluene and the formation of organic by‐products were monitored in real‐time (resolution = 1 second) under “plasma off” and “plasma on” conditions. We conclude that initial concentration and gas flow rate were the key parameters in the health risk assessment of NTP for the removal of toluene. The toluene removal efficiency and CO2 selectivity decreased with increasing upstream toluene concentration or gas flow rate, whereas the health risk influence index increased with increasing upstream toluene concentration or gas flow rate. The highest removal efficiency of toluene (100%), CO2 selectivity (53.2%), and the best health risk influence index for organic by‐products (0.11) were achieved when the toluene concentration was kept at 105 ppmv and flow rate at 0.4 L/minute. The results demonstrate that PTR‐MS is a promising tool to improve the practical applications of volatile organic compound removal by NTP because it can be used to optimize the NTP working conditions by providing a precise, fast, and clear health risk assessment for organic by‐products based on their real‐time analysis.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Although our knowledge of aging has greatly expanded in the past decades, it remains elusive why and how aging contributes to the development of age-related diseases (ARDs). In particular, a ...global mechanistic understanding of the connections between aging and ARDs is yet to be established. We rely on a network modelling named “GeroNet” to study the connections between aging and more than a hundred diseases. By evaluating topological connections between aging genes and disease genes in over three thousand subnetworks corresponding to various biological processes, we show that aging has stronger connections with ARD genes compared to non-ARD genes in subnetworks corresponding to “response to decreased oxygen levels”, “insulin signalling pathway”, “cell cycle”, etc. Based on subnetwork connectivity, we can correctly “predict” if a disease is age-related and prioritize the biological processes that are involved in connecting to multiple ARDs. Using Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as an example, GeroNet identifies meaningful genes that may play key roles in connecting aging and ARDs. The top modules identified by GeroNet in AD significantly overlap with modules identified from a large scale AD brain gene expression experiment, supporting that GeroNet indeed reveals the underlying biological processes involved in the disease.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Natural Resources Conservation Service runoff curve number (NRCS-CN) method is widely used to simulate direct runoff, but the impact of rainfall intensity has not been considered. In this study, ...a rainfall intensity modification factor (γ) was incorporated into the Ia-S relationship of the NRCS-CN method, and the modified method (NRCS–CN–γ) was compared with the NRCS-CN method with λ = 0.2 and λ = 0.05 in three watersheds of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW). The results showed that for 2016–2018 period, the simulation performance of the NRCS–CN–γ method was close to the NRCS-CN (λ = 0.05) method and better than the NRCS-CN (λ = 0.2) method. When the new data (2009 data with high variance) was added, the significant improvement was observed by NRCS–CN–γ method with all the evaluation parameters being the best in the three watersheds, indicating a more adapted capability of the modified method with highly uneven rainfall intensities. The covariance between rainfall intensity and the simulated runoff were 19.01, 15.14, and 16.35 for the three methods, respectively. When the optimal CN changed, the relative errors representing CN sensitivity were 6.25, 6.49 and 17.39 for the methods, respectively. It is suggested that the NRCS–CN–γ method outperformed the other two methods and could contribute to a more accurate estimation of direct runoff where rainfall intensity greatly varied, especially in monsoon region or under the context of climate change.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Multimorbidity has become an important public health problem in China, especially among middle-aged and elderly women. Few studies have been reported on the association between multimorbidity and ...female fertility, which is an important stage in the life course. This study aimed to explore the association between multimorbidity and fertility history among middle-aged and elderly women in China.
Data from 10,182 middle-aged and elderly female participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018 were used in this study. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of at least two or more chronic conditions. Logistic regression analysis, negative binomial regression analysis, and restrictive cubic splines (RCSs) were used to analyze the relationship between female fertility history and multimorbidity or the number of chronic conditions. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between female fertility history and multimorbidity pattern factor scores.
The results of this study showed that high parity and early childbearing were significantly associated with an increased risk of multimorbidity and an increased number of chronic conditions among middle-aged and elderly women in China. Late childbearing was significantly associated with reduced risk of multimorbidity and lessened diseases. Parity and age of first childbirth were significantly correlated with the odds of multimorbidity. The association between fertility history and multimorbidity was found to be influenced by age and urban-rural dual structure. Women with high parity tend to have higher factor scores of cardiac-metabolic, visceral-arthritic, and respiratory-psychiatric patterns. Women with early childbearing tended to have higher factor scores of the visceral-arthritic pattern and those with late childbearing tended to have lower factor scores of the cardiac-metabolic pattern.
Fertility history has a significant effect on multimorbidity in the middle and later lives of Chinese women. This study is of great importance for reducing the prevalence of multimorbidity among Chinese women through their life course and promoting health during their middle and later lives.
► We report SIMS U–Pb zircon ages for dinosaur eggs in the Tiantai Basin, China. ► The age of dinosaur eggs in the Laijia Formation is 96–99Ma. ► The age of dinosaur eggs in the Chichengshan ...formations is 91–94Ma.
Dinosaur eggs or fragments are abundant and extensively distributed in China. They can be very informative in biostratigraphic division and correlation of continental strata where other fossils are relatively lacking. Despite remarkable discoveries of vertebrate fossils, particularly dinosaur eggs and skeletons from the middle and Late Cretaceous of both northern and southern China, there is hardly any direct evidence for the ages of the vertebrate-bearing terrestrial deposits. To constrain their depositional ages, here we have obtained SIMS U–Pb zircon ages from the tuffs interbedded with dinosaur egg-bearing sediments from the Laijia and Chichengshan formations of the terrestrial red deposits of the Late Cretaceous in the Tiantai Basin, Zhejiang Province, southeastern China. The SIMS zircon U–Pb ages from the Laijia and Chichengshan formations are about 96–99Ma (Cenomanian) and 91–94Ma (Turonian), respectively, providing direct time constraints on the vertebrate and dinosaur egg evolution in the Late Cretaceous as well as a basis for correlation with terrestrial Cretaceous deposits in other regions of southern and northern China.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
You have reached the maximum number of search results that are displayed.
For better performance, the search offers a maximum of 1,000 results per query (or 50 pages if the option 10/page is selected).
Consider using result filters or changing the sort order to explore your results further.
PDF
