Peatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. Sphagnum mosses (peat mosses) are considered to be the peatland ecosystem engineers and contribute to the carbon accumulation in the peatland ...ecosystems. As cold‐adapted species, the dominance of Sphagnum mosses in peatlands will be threatened by climate warming. The response of Sphagnum mosses to climate change is closely related to the future trajectory of carbon fluxes in peatlands. However, the impact of climate change on the habitat suitability of Sphagnum mosses on a global scale is poorly understood. To predict the potential impact of climate change on the global distribution of Sphagnum mosses, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the potential geographic distribution of six Sphagnum species that dominate peatlands in the future (2050 and 2070) under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5). The results show that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, and topsoil calcium carbonate are the main factors affecting the habitat availability of Sphagnum mosses. As the climate warms, Sphagnum mosses tend to migrate northward. The suitable habitat and abundance of Sphagnum mosses increase extensively in the high‐latitude boreal peatland (north of 50°N) and decrease on a large scale beyond the high‐latitude boreal peatland. The southern edge of boreal peatlands would experience the greatest decline in the suitable habitat and richness of Sphagnum mosses with the temperature rising and would be a risk area for the transition from carbon sink to carbon source. The spatial–temporal pattern changes of Sphagnum mosses simulated in this study provide a reference for the development of management and conservation strategies for Sphagnum bogs.
The response of Sphagnum mosses to climate change is closely related to the future trajectory of carbon fluxes in peatlands. We simulated the potential geographic distribution of Sphagnum mosses that dominate peatlands under future climate scenarios. The results show that climate change will result in the migration of Sphagnum species northward. The southern edge of boreal peatlands would experience the greatest decline in the suitable habitat and richness of Sphagnum mosses with the temperature rising and would be a risk area for the transition from carbon sink to carbon source.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
RNA editing is a crucial modification in plants' organellar transcripts that converts cytidine to uridine (C‐to‐U; and sometimes uridine to cytidine) in RNA molecules. This ...post‐transcriptional process is controlled by the PLS‐class protein with a DYW domain, which belongs to the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein family. RNA editing is widespread in land plants; however, complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiopsida) are the only group reported to lack both RNA editing and DYW‐PPR protein.
The liverwort Cyathodium cavernarum (Marchantiopsida, Cyathodiaceae), typically found in cave habitats, was newly found to have 129 C‐to‐U RNA editing sites in its chloroplast and 172 sites in its mitochondria.
The Cyathodium genus, specifically C. cavernarum, has a large number of PPR editing factor genes, including 251 DYW‐type PPR proteins. These DYW‐type PPR proteins may be responsible for C‐to‐U RNA editing in C. cavernarum.
Cyathodium cavernarum possesses both PPR DYW proteins and RNA editing. Our analysis suggests that the remarkable RNA editing capability of C. cavernarum may have been acquired alongside the emergence of DYW‐type PPR editing factors. These findings provide insight into the evolutionary pattern of RNA editing in land plants.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Marchantiopsida (complex thalloid liverworts) are one of the earliest lineages of embryophytes (land plants), and well‐known for their air pores and chambers, pegged rhizoids, and absence of ...organellular RNA editing sites. Despite their importance to an understanding of early embryophyte evolution, many key nodes within this class remain poorly resolved, owing to the paucity of genetic loci previously available for phylogenetic analyses. Here, we sequenced 54 plastomes, representing 28 genera, nearly all families, and all orders of Marchantiopsida. Based on these plastomes, we present a hypothesis of deep relationships within the class, and make the first investigations of gene contents and synteny. Overall, the Marchantiopsida plastomes were well‐conserved, with the exception of the genus Cyathodium that has plastomes with higher GC content, fewer single sequence repeats (SSRs), and more structural variations, implying that this genus might possess RNA editing sites. Abundant repetitive elements and six highly divergent regions were identified as suitable for future infrafamilial taxonomic studies. The phylogenetic topology of Sphaerocarpales, Neohodgsoniales and Blasiales within Marchantiopsida was essentially congruent with previous studies but generally we obtained higher support values. Based on molecular evidence and previous morphological studies, we include Lunulariales in Marchantiales and suggest the retention of narrowed delimitation of monotypic families. The phylogenetic relationships within Marchantiales were better resolved, and 13 monophyletic families were recovered. Our analyses confirmed that the loss of intron 2 of ycf3 is a synapomorphy of Marchantiidae. Finally, we propose a new genus, Asterellopsis (Aytoniaceae), and present an updated classification of Marchantiopsida. The highly supported phylogenetic backbone provided here establishes a framework for future comparative and evolutionary studies of the complex thalloid liverworts.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Accumulating evidence shows that, the dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is associated with the progression of multiple malignancies. But, the underlying mechanisms by which has_circ_0032627 ...(circDLST) contributed to gastric cancer (GC) remain undocumented.
The expression and cellular localization of circDLST and its association with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with GC was analysed by using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments as well as a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model and a liver metastasis model from orthotopic implantation of GC tissues were conducted to assess the role of circDLST in GC cells. CircDLST specific binding with miR-502-5p was confirmed by dual luciferase gene report, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays and RIP-miRNA expression profiling. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis was used to detect the effects of circDLST on miR-502-5p-mediated NRAS/MEK1/ERK1/2 signaling in GC cells.
The expression levels of circDLST were dramatically elevated in GC tissues as compared with the adjacent normal tissues, and acted as an independent prognostic factor of poor survival in patients with GC. Knockdown of circDLST inhibited the cell viability, colony formation, DNA synthesis, cell invasion and liver metastasis in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of circDLST had the opposite effects. Furthermore, circDLST was co-localized with miR-502-5p in the cytoplasm of GC cells, and acted as a sponge of miR-502-3p in GC cells, which abrogated the tumor promoting effects of circDLST by inactivating the NRAS/MEK1/ERK1/2 signaling in GC cells.
CircDLST promotes the tumorigenesis and metastasis of GC cells by sponging miR-502-5p to activate the NRAS/MEK1/ERK1/2 signaling.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Direct myocardial and vascular injuries due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-driven inflammation is the leading cause of acute cardiac injury associated with ...coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, in-depth knowledge of the injury characteristics of the heart affected by inflammation is lacking. In this study, using a quantitative spatial proteomics strategy that combines comparative anatomy, laser-capture microdissection, and histological examination, we establish a region-resolved proteome map of the myocardia and microvessels with obvious inflammatory cells from hearts of patients with COVID-19. A series of molecular dysfunctions of myocardia and microvessels is observed in different cardiac regions. The myocardia and microvessels of the left atrial are the most susceptible to virus infection and inflammatory storm, suggesting more attention should be paid to the lesion and treatment of these two parts. These results can guide in improving clinical treatments for cardiovascular diseases associated with COVID-19.
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•Spatial proteome maps of COVID-19 myocardia and microvessels are established•SARS-CoV-2-driven inflammation leads to region-resolved dysfunction of the heart•Mechanisms of dysregulated contraction, conduction, and circulation are elaborated•Myocardia and microvessels of the left atrium are affected by inflammation the most
Leng et al. establish a region-resolved proteome map of the inflammatory myocardia and microvessels of COVID-19 hearts. The myocardia and microvessels of the left atrium are the most affected by inflammation storm. These results could provide guidance in improvement of clinical treatments for cardiovascular diseases associated with COVID-19.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Revealing hydrothermal evolution from the early oxide to late carbonate stages for quartz–wolframite vein‐type deposits is essential for understanding the ore‐forming process. In this study, we ...choose the Baishitouwa tungsten polymetallic deposit located in the southern Great Xing'an Range tungsten belt as a case study, and present detailed deposit geology and in situ fluid inclusion (FI) analyses including microthermometry, laser Raman spectra, and LA‐ICP‐MS microanalysis to address this issue. Four stages of hydrothermal activity were identified: (1) quartz–wolframite (I), (2) quartz–wolframite (II)–pyrite–chalcopyrite, (3) quartz–polymetallic sulphides, and (4) quartz–carbonate. Four types of FIs were recognized: CO2‐rich, CO2‐bearing, liquid‐rich, and brine inclusions. Microthermometric data showed that the homogenization temperatures and salinities from the early to late stages are 380–460°C, 7.4–17.3, and 29.3–43.2 wt% NaCl equiv., 300–390°C and 7.1–17.0 wt% NaCl equiv., 220–320°C and 2.7–8.1 wt% NaCl equiv., and 150–250°C and 0.5–4.8 wt% NaCl equiv., respectively, suggesting a decreasing trend. Geochemically, all stage fluids contained high Rb and Mn concentrations, high Rb/Na, Cs/Na, Li/Na, K/Na, Rb/Sr, low K/Rb, and consistent Cs/Rb and Cs/(Na + K) ratios, indicating that the mineralizing fluids originated from a common source—an underlying, geochemically uniform, and highly fractionated granitic magma. Fluid immiscibility and cooling are the main mechanisms for wolframite precipitation, whereas greisenization is subordinate; the incursion of meteoric water into the hydrothermal system initiated at the sulphide stage, and fluid mixing is the dominant mechanism for sulphide precipitation.
Ore fluids originated from an underlying, geochemically uniform granitic magma. Fluid immiscibility and cooling are vital for wolframite precipitation. Fluid mixing is the dominant mechanism for the massive precipitation of sulphide.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Previous researches have found that chronic neck pain was closely related to depression. However, the relation between chronic neck pain, sleep quality, exercise and depression remains unclear. This ...study aims to evaluate the association between these factors, based on the assumption that sleep quality and exercise are potential mediators in the relationship between chronic neck pain and depression. This cross-sectional study enrolled 231 patients with chronic neck pain who were referred to outpatient clinics in department of neurology between July and December 2016. Data analysis was performed using a structural equation model to evaluate the mediating effects of sleep quality and exercise frequency on the relation between chronic neck pain intensity and depression. A positive correlation between neck pain intensity and depression was unveiled. In addition, sleep quality was identified as a significant positive mediator between neck pain intensity and depression, and exercise can help relieve depression. Poor sleep quality leads to an increase of the symptoms of depression for people with high neck pain intensity which can be effectively relieved via additional exercise.
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DOBA, FSPLJ, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Although recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have greatly improved our understanding of the classification of the large liverwort family Lejeuneaceae, the frequent incongruencies between ...morphology‐based taxonomy and molecular phylogeny have hindered our understanding of evolutionary diversification within the group. Here we focus on Leptolejeunea (Spruce) Steph., a pantropical epiphyllous genus in Lejeuneaceae with 40 species. Phylogenetic studies on the genus have been hampered by insufficient taxon sampling, leaving the deep phylogenetic relationships within this group unresolved. We present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus to date with sampling of over 80% of species, including the enigmatic Leptolejeunea spinistipula (Mizut.) X.L.He endemic to Borneo. Based on data from three molecular markers with representatives of Leptolejeunea and its allies, Leptolejeunea appeared to be monophyletic following the exclusion of L. spinistipula and its transfer to Soella R.L.Zhu, L.Shu, Qiong He & Y.M.Wei. A total‐evidence approach was taken to resolve the backbone phylogeny of Leptolejeunea and a first infrageneric classification of Leptolejeunea, including a new subgenus and three new sections, is proposed based on integrated molecular and morphological evidence. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history showed a wide ancestral area of Leptolejeunea during the Paleogene that arose in mainland Asia, followed by an accelerated speciation rate. Across the biogeographical history of Leptolejeunea, long‐distance dispersal had profound effects on population expansion. Our findings suggest that Australasia is a source of biodiversity of Asian evergreen broad‐leaved forests that have been established since the Oligocene and rose after the early Miocene.
RASP global ancestral area reconstruction on a Leptolejeunea phylogeny, following the best supported model DIVALIKE+j. The letter at each node signifies the biogeographical area that received the highest support for that node. The colors of each circle reflect the relative proportion of support each biogeographical area received for that node. Colors next to extant taxa indicate their current distribution. Directions (gray arrows) of long‐distance dispersal between areas are shown in the map. A′, B′, C′, and D′ show the Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures (BAMM) speciation rates along each branch of the Leptolejeunea time‐calibrated tree. A′, Chronogram with branches colored according to speciation rate. Warmer colors represent faster speciation rate. The red circle denotes one significant increase of speciation rate in the best shift configuration (f = 0.68). B′, Rate‐through‐time plots of extinction rate for Leptolejeunea. C′, Rate‐through‐time plots of speciation for clade i + ii + iii in the green curved line, and for all Leptolejeunea in red. D′, Rate‐through‐time plots of speciation for clade iv + v + vi + vii in the blue curved line, and for all Leptolejeunea in red. Map source, DIVA‐GIS (http://www.diva-gis.org/) with modification.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Aytoniaceae are one of the largest families of complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiopsida), consisting of about 70 species, with most species being distributed in temperate areas. However, the ...phylogeny and evolution of the morphological character of Aytoniaceae are still poorly understood. Here, we employed two chloroplast loci, specifically,
L and
L-F, along with a 26S nuclear ribosomal sequence to reconstruct the phylogeny and track the morphological evolution of Aytoniaceae. Our results reveal that Aytoniaceae are monophyletic, and five monophyletic clades were recovered (i.e.,
-
,
,
,
-
and
).
was divided into five clades (i.e.,
, subg.
, subg.
, subg.
and subg.
), except for
which is the sister of
. Bayesian molecular clock dating indicates that the five primary clades within Aytoniaceae underwent divergence events in the Cretaceous period.
differentiated during the early Upper Cretaceous (c. 84.2 Ma), and
originated from the late Lower Cretaceous (c. 143.0 Ma). The ancestral Aytoniaceae plant is reconstructed as the absence of a pseudoperianth, lacking equatorial apertures, and having both male and female reproductive organs on the main thallus. At present,
consists of two species known in Asia and America with the new transfer of
to
A new subgenus,
subg.
, is proposed.
To control the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, a variety of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines have been developed. However, the rapid mutations of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) ...protein may reduce the protective efficacy of the existing vaccines which is mainly determined by the level of neutralizing antibodies targeting S. In this study, we screened prevalent S mutations and constructed 124 pseudotyped lentiviral particles carrying these mutants. We challenged these pseudoviruses with sera vaccinated by Sinovac CoronaVac and ZF2001 vaccines, two popular vaccines designed for the initial strain of SARS‐CoV‐2, and then systematically assessed the susceptivity of these SARS‐CoV‐2 variants to the immune sera of vaccines. As a result, 14 S mutants (H146Y, V320I + S477N, V382L, K444R, L455F + S477N, L452M + F486L, F486L, Y508H, P521R, A626S, S477N + S698L, A701V, S477N + T778I, E1144Q) were found to be significantly resistant to neutralization, indicating reduced protective efficacy of the vaccines against these SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. In addition, F486L and Y508H significantly enhanced the utilization of human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2, suggesting a potentially elevated infectivity of these two mutants. In conclusion, our results show that some prevalent S mutations of SARS‐CoV‐2 reduced the protective efficacy of current vaccines and enhance the infectivity of the virus, indicating the necessity of vaccine renewal and providing direction for the development of new vaccines.
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