Early, express, and reliable detection of cancer can provide a favorable prognosis and decrease mortality. Tumor biomarkers have been proven to be closely related to tumor occurrence and development. ...Conventional tumor biomarker detection based on genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic methods is time and equipment-consuming and always needs a specific target marker. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), as a non-invasive ultrasensitive and label-free vibrational spectroscopy technique, can detect cancer-related biomedical changes in biofluids. In this paper, 110 serum samples were collected from 30 healthy controls and 80 cancer patients (including 30 bladder cancer (BC), 30 adrenal cancer (AC), and 20 acute myeloid leukemia (AML)). One microliter of blood serum was mixed with 1 μl silver colloid and then was air-dried for SERS measurements. After spectral data augmentation, one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) was proposed for precise and rapid identification of healthy and three different cancers with high accuracy of 98.27%. After gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) based spectral interpretation, the contributions of SERS peaks corresponding to biochemical substances indicated the most potential biomarkers, i.e., L-tyrosine in bladder cancer; acetoacetate and riboflavin in adrenal cancer and phospholipids, amide-I, and α-Helix in acute myeloid leukemia, which might provide an insight into the mechanism of intelligent diagnosis of different cancers based on label-free serum SERS. The integration of label-free SERS and deep learning has great potential for the rapid, reliable, and non-invasive detection of cancers, which may significantly improve the precise diagnosis in clinical practice.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Correction for ‘Recent progress on covalent organic frameworks for photocatalytic hydrogen generation via water splitting’ by Shan-Shan Zhu et al. , Mater. Chem. Front. , 2024, ...https://doi.org/10.1039/d3qm00965c.
For the tracking control problem of a class of switched nonlinear systems with input delay, this article proposes an adaptive tracking control scheme based on multi‐dimensional Taylor network (MTN) ...approach. First, Padé approximation and Laplace transform are employed to overcome the problem of input delay, and a new variable is introduced. Second, the MTNs are used to approximate the uncertain nonlinear structures in the process of controller design via backstepping. The results show that the controller designed in this article can keep all the signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded, meanwhile, the output tracking error can be converged to arbitrarily small. It should be pointed out that MTN‐based approach is applied to switched nonlinear systems subject to input delay for the first time. Finally, three examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory has been widely used in many fields from probabilistic inference, information fusion to decision analysis due to its superiority to formulate uncertain and ...incomplete information under a weaker condition than the Bayesian probability theory. To support the elicitation of basic probability assignment (BPA), numerous uncertainty measures have been proposed in the recent decades, which take into account nonspecificity and structural conflict (SC) in either the entropy-alike or nonentropy form. This article is focused primarily on developing a generalized belief entropy to measure and quantify the uncertainty of BPA in a consistent and comprehensive way. The definition of the proposed belief entropy involves three components. Specifically, the first component is Shannon's definition of entropy of probability functions which can be interpreted as the measure of discord of the mass function among various focal elements. The second component is the measure of total nonspecificity which is the generalization of Dubois-Prade's definition of nonspecificity measure. Furthermore, the critical component introduced in this article is the utilization of the SC coefficient within an evidence, which fully considers the intersection between each pair of focal elements of the BPA. The characteristics and properties of the new generalized belief entropy are analyzed systematically with theoretical proofs. Finally, the proposed belief entropy is embedded to a three-tuple approach to deal with a practical multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) problem to demonstrate its validity and strengths of measuring nonspecificity and SC in uncertain decision making.
In this paper, the control issue of adaptive fault-tolerant is studied for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with multiple faults and full state constraints, with multiple faults including the ...actuator faults and the external system fault. The problem with full state constraints are solved by constructing a logarithmic barrier Lyapunov functions (BLFs). By integrating multi-dimensional Taylor network (MTN) technology into the backstepping process, a new adaptive MTN-based fault-tolerant controller is designed. On the basis of considering multiple faults, the proposed control strategy can ensure that all signals in the closed-loop system are semi-global ultimately uniformly bounded (SGUUB) in probability, and all states of the system are constrained within the given boundary. Finally, three simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed control strategy.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Background The transmission dynamics and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is different across countries or regions. Differences in governments' policy responses may explain ...some of these differences. We aimed to compare worldwide government responses to the spread of COVID-19, to examine the relationship between response level, response timing and the epidemic trajectory. Methods Free publicly-accessible data collected by the Coronavirus Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) were used. Nine sub-indicators reflecting government response from 148 countries were collected systematically from January 1 to May 1, 2020. The sub-indicators were scored and were aggregated into a common Stringency Index (SI, a value between 0 and 100) that reflects the overall stringency of the government's response in a daily basis. Group-based trajectory modelling method was used to identify trajectories of SI. Multivariable linear regression models were used to analyse the association between time to reach a high-level SI and time to the peak number of daily new cases. Results Our results identified four trajectories of response in the spread of COVID-19 based on when the response was initiated: before January 13, from January 13 to February 12, from February 12 to March 11, and the last stage--from March 11 (the day WHO declared a pandemic of COVID-19) on going. Governments' responses were upgraded with further spread of COVID-19 but varied substantially across countries. After the adjustment of SI level, geographical region and initiation stages, each day earlier to a high SI level (SI > 80) from the start of response was associated with 0.44 (standard error: 0.08, P < 0.001, R.sup.2 = 0.65) days earlier to the peak number of daily new case. Also, each day earlier to a high SI level from the date of first reported case was associated with 0.65 (standard error: 0.08, P < 0.001, R.sup.2 = 0.42) days earlier to the peak number of daily new case. Conclusions Early start of a high-level response to COVID-19 is associated with early arrival of the peak number of daily new cases. This may help to reduce the delays in flattening the epidemic curve to the low spread level. Graphic abstract Keywords: COVID-19, Response, Stringency Index, Multivariable linear regression models
This paper investigates the adaptive decentralized control problem for a class of large‐scale nonlinear systems with finite‐time output constraints. In order to ensure that the tracking errors are ...constrained within a predefined boundary in finite time, a novel adaptive barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) control method is proposed by combining the modified finite‐time performance function (FTPF) in the first step of backstepping process. Besides, the mean value theorem and regulating functions are employed to handle the difficulties caused by interconnection functions in large‐scale systems. Subsequently, with the approximation performance of multi‐dimensional Taylor network (MTN), a MTN‐based adaptive decentralized tracking control scheme is developed to guarantee that the tracking errors satisfy the prescribed performance and all signals of the closed‐loop systems are bounded. Finally, the stability theory analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, the adaptive multi‐dimensional Taylor network (MTN) control problem is investigated for nonlinear stochastic systems with full state time‐varying constraints and the finite‐time output ...constraint. By combining the MTN‐based approximation method and the adaptive backstepping control method, a novel adaptive MTN control scheme is provided by constructing the time‐varying barrier Lyapunov function (TVBLF). To implement the finite‐time output constraint, the finite‐time performance function (FTPF) is introduced in the control scheme. The proposed scheme can ensure that the tracking error finally converges to a small neighborhood of the origin in the finite‐time and all signals in the closed‐loop system are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) in probability. Finally, two simulation examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the provided control scheme.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Transcriptome-based phylogeny provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships within Podophylloideae.•Podophylloideae originated in Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains during the ...Mid-Miocene, and then dispersed to other regions.•The high species diversity in East Asia may be explained by a combination of longer time and greater speciation.
Evolutionary and biogeographic processes determine species richness patterns of vascular plants between Eastern Asia (EA) and Eastern North America (ENA). However, the strikingly higher species richness of EA relative to ENA remains poorly understood from this perspective. Here, we studied the relative importance of biogeographical, evolutionary and ecological factors underlying differences in species richness between EA and ENA in Podophylloideae (Berberidaceae, Ranunculales; in total 10 spp. in EA vs. 2 spp. in ENA). Based on large-scale transcriptome data, our phylogenomic analyses strongly supported Podophylloideae and its two multi-species genera, i.e. Dysosma (EA) and Diphylleia (EA/ENA), as monophyletic groups. Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (EA) was identified as sister to the remainder of Podophylloideae. Dysosma (7 spp.) was recovered as sister to Podophyllum peltatum (ENA), forming an EA–ENA disjunct pair with a strong bias of species diversity in the EA counterpart. Our biogeographic analyses support the ‘out-of-Tibet’ hypothesis, suggesting that Podophylloideae started to diversify in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains (Mid-Miocene) and migrated eastward (since the Late Miocene) into Central-eastern China, Japan, and ENA (only P. peltatum and Diphylleia cymosa). Overall, we conclude that the striking species diversity anomaly between EA and ENA in Podophylloideae may be explained by a combination of (1) a longer period of time available to accumulate species in EA; and (2) a greater diversification rate in EA, which might have been promoted by greater physiographic and environmental heterogeneity in this region.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study describes a visible-light-induced cascade reaction for preparing cyanoalkyl-containing polyheterocycles initiated by the photoinduced radical cascade addition of N-arylacrylamide ...derivatives using cyclic oxime esters as radical sources followed by cyanoalkyl-mediated cyclization. This protocol features outstanding functional group compatibility, providing a variety of desired phenanthridine derivatives in moderate to good yields. Moreover, the application of a microflow technique enhanced these reactions compared with the equivalent batch reaction, significantly reducing reaction times to 10 min.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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