A series of hyper-crosslinked porous organic polymers (POPs) were constructed by a facile Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of the photoactive unit 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene ...(4CzIPN) with formaldehyde dimethyl acetal (FDA), which contains a certain quantity of hydrophilic ether group residues at the terminal of the polymetric networks to improve the dispersibility of POPs. Among them,
POP-3
was demonstrated to be a robust heterogeneous photocatalyst for visible-light-promoted aqueous organic transformations, including the C(sp
3
)-P bond construction and selective oxidation of sulfides in water under mild conditions. Synthetic application of this protocol can be expediently extended to the phosphorylation of commercial drug molecules and the detoxification of the mustard gas simulant CEES. Moreover, the finely designed POP catalysts showed excellent stability, a high surface area and pore volume, and outstanding photoelectric response capability, along with good catalytic performance and reusability properties, which make these materials economical, sustainable, and eco-friendly photocatalysts.
A series of hyper-crosslinked POPs were constructed by Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of 4CzIPN with FDA, which contains a certain quantity of hydrophilic ether residues to facilitate visible-light-promoted aqueous organic transformations.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating condition. Existing preclinical ICH models focus largely on striatum but neglect other brain areas such as ventricle, cortex, and hippocampus. ...Clinically, however, hemorrhagic strokes do occur in these other brain regions. In this study, we established mouse hemorrhagic models that utilize stereotactic injections of autologous whole blood or collagenase to produce ventricular, cortical, and hippocampal injury. We validated and characterized these models by histology, immunohistochemistry, and neurobehavioral tests. In the intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) model, C57BL/6 mice that received unilateral ventricular injections of whole blood demonstrated bilateral ventricular hematomas, ventricular enlargement, and brain edema in the ipsilateral cortex and basal ganglia at 72 h. Unilateral injections of collagenase (150 U/ml) caused reproducible hematomas and brain edema in the frontal cortex in the cortical ICH (c-ICH) model and in the hippocampus in the hippocampal ICH (h-ICH) model. Immunostaining revealed cellular inflammation and neuronal death in the periventricular regions in the IVH brain and in the perihematomal regions in the c-ICH and h-ICH brains. Locomotor abnormalities measured with a 24-point scoring system were present in all three models, especially on days 1, 3, and 7 post-ICH. Locomotor deficits measured by the wire-hanging test were present in models of IVH and c-ICH, but not h-ICH. Interestingly, mice in the c-ICH model demonstrated emotional abnormality, as measured by the tail suspension test and forced swim test, whereas h-ICH mice exhibited memory abnormality, as measured by the novel object recognition test. All three ICH models generated reproducible brain damage, brain edema, inflammation, and consistent locomotor deficits. Additionally, the c-ICH model produced emotional deficits and the h-ICH model produced cognitive deficits. These three models closely mimic human ICH and should be useful for investigating the pathophysiology of ICH in ventricle, cortex, and hippocampus and for evaluating potential therapeutic strategies.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A Mn(III)‐mediated radical cyclization reaction of o‐vinylaryl isocyanides and arylboronic acids or diphenylphosphine oxides to access various 2‐functionalized quinolines under mild conditions was ...developed. With the introduction of radical stabilizing substituents (e. g. aryl and methyl group) on vinyl group, this reaction provides a regiospecific 6‐endo‐trig radical cyclization of o‐vinylaryl isocyanides, giving a number of structurally unique and biologically potential 2‐functionalized quinoline derivatives.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The warm‐temperate and subtropical climate zones of East Asia are a hotspot of plant species richness and endemism, including a noticeable number of species‐poor Tertiary relict tree genera. However, ...little is understood about when East Asian Tertiary relict plants diversified, how they responded demographically to past environmental change, and to what extent their current genomic composition (and adaptive capacity) might mitigate the effects of global warming. Here, we obtained genomic (RAD‐SNP) data for 171 samples from two extant species of Euptelea in China (24 E. pleiosperma populations) and Japan (11 E. polyandra populations) to elucidate their divergence and demographic histories, genome‐wide associations with current environmental variables, and genomic vulnerability to future climate change. Our results indicate that Late Miocene changes in climate and/or sea level promoted species divergence, whereas Late Pliocene uplifting in southwest China likely fostered lineage divergence within E. pleiosperma. Its subsequent range expansion into central/east (CE) China bears genomic signatures of climate‐driven selection, yet extant CE populations are predicted to be most vulnerable to future climate change. For E. polyandra, geography was the only significant predictor of genomic variation. Our findings indicate a profound impact of Late Neogene geological and climate change on the evolutionary history of Euptelea, with much stronger signals of local adaptation left in China than in Japan. This study deepens our understanding of the complex evolutionary forces that influence the distribution of genetic variation of Tertiary relict trees, and provides insights into their susceptibility to global change and potential for adaptive responses. Our results lay the groundwork for future conservation and restoration programs for Euptelea.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Microwave-assisted synthesis of polyheterocyclic-fused quinoline-2-thiones through the annulation of
ortho
-heteroaryl anilines and CS
2
was realized in water without using any catalysts and ...additives. The desired products were obtained in high yields through simple filtration. A remarkable
E
-factor of 0.45 and an EcoScale score of 85.5 were obtained.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of polyheterocyclic-fused quinoline-2-thiones through the annulation of
ortho
-heteroaryl anilines and CS
2
was realized in water without using any catalysts and additives.
Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSs) are an advanced energy storage system with high energy/power density. However, the development of cathodes with high-performance is still a challenge. Herein, N, ...O co-doped hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) integrated with carbon cloth (CC) was fabricated as a promising cathode for aqueous ZHSs, which delivered a high specific capacity of 138.5 mA h g
−1
with excellent rate performance ( 75 mA h g
−1
at 20 A g
−1
) and superb cycling stability without decay after 10 000 cycles. As a result, an exceptionally high energy density of 110 W h kg
−1
and attractive power density of 20 kW kg
−1
can be obtained. More importantly, the dual cation (H
+
and Zn
2+
) chemical absorption process for additional capacity is firstly proposed and verified by
ex situ
experiments, while the precipitation/dissolution process of zinc hydroxide sulphate hydrate is explained. Furthermore, a quasi-solid-state HPC/CC-based ZHS device based on gel electrolyte also showed promising potential for practical applications. This work provides a new pathway to develop carbon-based cathode materials for sustainable ZHSs.
A novel carbon cathode was fabricated for high-performance Zn-ion supercapacitors with enhanced pseudocapacitance.
Traditional English classroom teaching is difficult to meet the oral learning needs of most learners. Thanks to the continuous advancement of speech processing technology, computer-assisted language ...learning systems are becoming more intelligent, not only pointing out learners’ pronunciation errors but also assessing their overall pronunciation level. Method. This paper uses the method of tree kernel function to measure the similarity of two ontology trees. According to the features of nodes in ontology tree, methods to calculate the external features and internal features of nodes are proposed, respectively. External features are mainly obtained by calculating the hierarchical centrality, node density, and node coverage of nodes in the ontology tree; internal features are mainly obtained by measuring the richness of internal information. According to the similarity of ontology tree and the external features and internal features of nodes, the calculation formula of structural comprehensive similarity is improved, and the features of ontology itself can be fully considered in the calculation. According to the difference of the structure, the weights of the corresponding features during the calculation are adjusted autonomously, so that the calculation results are closer to reality. In spectral image preprocessing, endpoint detection utilizes the harmonic characteristics presented by narrowband spectrograms with high frequency resolution and eliminates useless nonspeech segments by detecting the presence of voiced segments. When building the neural network model, four convolutional layers, two fully connected layers, and one softmax output layer were conceived, and dropout was used to randomly suspend the work of some neurons to avoid overfitting. Results/Discussion. Through the data analysis of mean and variance and verified by one-way analysis of variance, it proves that the sentiment evaluation method in this paper is effective. The traditional multiple linear regression method is not suitable for the corpus and application scenarios of this paper. This paper proposes a decision tree structure, which is similar to the overall scoring process of raters, and uses the Interactive Dicremiser version 3 (ID3) algorithm to build a comprehensive evaluation decision tree for pitch, rhythm, intonation, speech rate, and emotion indicators. It is proved by experiments that the accurate consistency rate of the human-machine evaluation in this paper is 93%, the adjacent consistency rate is 96%, and the Pearson correlation coefficient value of the human-machine evaluation results is 0.89. The data results prove that the evaluation method in this paper is credible.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
IntroductionStroke is a common chronic disease with high rates of morbidity and disability and a great burden on patients. As a result, it affects daily activities of patients and causes negative ...emotions, which seriously affect their quality of life. As a new type of cognitive–behavioural therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) may be useful to improve the mental health of patients who had a stroke. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the intervention effect of ACT in patients who had a stroke, which may provide further clinical evidence.Methods and analysisA systematic search of databases, including CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and APA PsycArticles, will be conducted from their inception to 31 October 2022. All randomised controlled trials, quasi-experiments and case studies relevant to ACT will be included in English and Chinese. Two independent reviewers will conduct the review, with data extraction and quality evaluation. Review Manager V.5.4 will be used to assess the risk of bias and meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review does not require formal ethical approval, because all data will be analysed anonymously. The results will provide an overall review and evidence of the efficacy of ACT in patients who had a stroke. These findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022355629.
Luminescent organogold(III) complex AuIII with highly emissive triplet excited state was encapsulated in two metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with different pore sizes and structures (MOF1 and ...ZJU‐28). Compared with the AuIII complex in solution, the resultant composites AuIII@MOF1 and AuIII@ZJU‐28 exhibit enhanced emission intensity, lifetime, and quantum yield. Under irradiation, AuIII@MOFs are efficient, selective, and recyclable catalysts for light‐induced aerobic C−N bond formation. When used as a heterogeneous catalyst for oxidizing secondary amines to the corresponding imines, AuIII@ZJU‐28 achieved high TONs of 876–1548, which are about 2.8–3.5 times higher than that of the homogenous AuIII complex. In addition, different selectivities in oxidizing mixed substrates is realized by means of different host MOFs, and thus encapsulating the AuIII complex in an appropriate MOF allowed the desired product to be obtained. Inherent shortcomings of homogeneous catalysts in cyclic use are also overcome by using composite catalysts, and high conversion of the AuIII@ZJU‐28 catalyst was still observed after ten cycles.
Golden MOFs: Luminescent organogold(III) complex AuIII with long‐lived emissive excited state was encapsulated into metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), and enhanced reactivity and selectivity were achieved when AuIII@MOF composites were employed as size‐selective heterogeneous photocatalysts in amine oxidation reactions (see figure).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Currently, the excessive consumption of conventional fossil fuels has caused the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Efficient solar-driven photocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction ...(HER) are essential to facilitate future hydrogen-powered technologies. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with permanent porosity, long-range order and rigid backbones offer a promising material platform to address the global energy need. In this review, we focus on different strategies to improve the performance of COF-based photocatalysts and the factors involved in photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. Finally, an overview on the prospects and challenges in the rational design of COF-based photocatalysts in the field of photocatalysis is outlined.
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