This work analyzes the anti-icing performance of flat aluminum surfaces coated with widely used alkyl-group based layers of octadecyltrimethoxysilane, fluorinated alkylsilane and stearic acid as they ...are subjected to repeated icing/deicing cycles. The wetting properties of the samples upon long-term immersion in water are also evaluated. The results demonstrate that smooth aluminum surfaces grafted with alkyl groups are prone to gradual degradation of their hydrophobic and icephobic properties, which is caused by interactions and reactions with both ice and liquid water. This implies that alkyl-group based monolayers on aluminum surfaces are not likely to be durable icephobic coatings unless their durability in contact with ice and/or water is significantly improved.
ABSTRACT
On 2019 April 25, the LIGO/Virgo Scientific Collaboration detected a compact binary coalescence, GW190425. Under the assumption of the binary neutron star (BNS), the total mass of ...$3.4^{+0.3}_{-0.1}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ lies five standard deviations away from the known Galactic population mean. In the standard common envelope scenario, the immediate progenitor of GW190425 is a close binary system composed of an NS and a He-rich star. With the detailed binary evolutionary modelling, we find that in order to reproduce GW190425-like events, super-Eddington accretion (e.g. $1,000\, \dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$) from a He-rich star onto the first-born NS with a typical mass of 1.33 M⊙ via stable Case BB mass transfer (MT) is necessarily required. Furthermore, the immediate progenitors should potentially have an initial mass of MZamsHe in a range of 3.0–3.5 M⊙ and an initial orbital period of Pinit from 0.08 d to 0.12 d, respectively. The corresponding mass accreted onto NSs via stable Case BB MT phase varies from $0.70\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ to $0.77\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$. After the formation of the second-born NS, the BNSs are expected to be merged due to gravitational wave emission from ∼11 Myr to ∼190 Myr.
The contribution of intestinally absorbed colostral immunoglobulins to the transmission of passive immunity is widely reported in neonatal calves. However, changes in the colostral proteome in the ...gastrointestinal digesta remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate changes in colostral proteome affected by gastrointestinal proteases in neonatal calves. Twenty-one neonatal Holstein calves were used in this study, including 18 colostrum-fed calves slaughtered at 8 (CI, n = 6), 24 (CII, n = 6), and 36 h (CIII, n = 6) postpartum and 3 milk-fed calves slaughtered 24 h postpartum (MI, n = 3). The ingested colostrum and milk samples were collected from the mid-jejunum segment, following the sacrifice. The undigested colostrum or milk along with their ingested colostrum or milk samples were investigated using a label-free proteomics approach. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis of the quantified proteins revealed that the ingested colostrum from the CII and CIII groups and the ingested mature milk from the MI group appeared to share similar patterns. Analysis of the intestinal digesta revealed a time-dependent decrease in caseins, lactoferrin, and osteopontin protein levels, and an increase in cationic trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase. Several protease inhibitors, such as α-1-antiproteinase, α-2-antiplasmin, and early lactation protein, were identified in the colostrum and intestinal digesta. In addition, we detected identical levels in the intestinal digesta and colostrum for albumin, α-1-acid glycoprotein, and plasminogen. Pathway analysis indicated that proteins increased in the intestinal digesta belonged to the following categories: biosynthesis of antibiotics, carbon metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. These results indicated that selected colostral proteins were digested by gastrointestinal proteases, contributing to their intestinal absorption in calves. These findings provide new insights into the fate of the colostral proteome in the gastrointestinal tract and may aid in the identification of factors contributing to health management in neonatal calves.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
KHV ORF25 fragments were cloned from Koi Herpes Virus‐CJ (KHV‐CJ) strains isolated in our laboratory. The amplified products were inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pIRES‐neo, forming ...recombinant plasmid pIRES‐ORF25. The recombinant plasmid pIRES‐ORF25 at 1 μg per koi, 10 μg per koi and 50 μg per koi was intramuscularly injected into healthy kois, respectively. The results showed that the recombinant pIRES‐ORF25 could induce the production of specific antibodies in koi determined by indirect ELISA. The differences of immune effect between three doses were not significant (P > 0.05), but all of them could induce the production of neutralizing antibodies. The immune challenge test showed that the mortality of koi injected with PBS, blank pIRES‐neo vector and nothing was 90%, 92.5% and 85% at 25 days. While the mortalities of koi injected with eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES‐ORF25 were 20%, 17.5% and 12.5%. Differences in comparison with the control group were highly significant (P < 0.01). Histopathological staining revealed that the tissues of the immunized koi did not change apparently. In conclusion, the DNA vaccine pIRES‐ORF25 construct could well protect koi against KHV and had the potential to be applied in practice.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
High-resolution mapping of fuel combustion and CO2 emission provides valuable information for modeling pollutant transport, developing mitigation policy, and for inverse modeling of CO2 fluxes. ...Previous global emission maps included only few fuel types, and emissions were estimated on a grid by distributing national fuel data on an equal per capita basis, using population density maps. This process distorts the geographical distribution of emissions within countries. In this study, a sub-national disaggregation method (SDM) of fuel data is applied to establish a global 0.1° × 0.1° geo-referenced inventory of fuel combustion (PKU-FUEL) and corresponding CO2 emissions (PKU-CO2) based upon 64 fuel sub-types for the year 2007. Uncertainties of the emission maps are evaluated using a Monte Carlo method. It is estimated that CO2 emission from combustion sources including fossil fuel, biomass, and solid wastes in 2007 was 11.2 Pg C yr−1 (9.1 Pg C yr−1 and 13.3 Pg C yr−1 as 5th and 95th percentiles). Of this, emission from fossil fuel combustion is 7.83 Pg C yr−1, which is very close to the estimate of the International Energy Agency (7.87 Pg C yr−1). By replacing national data disaggregation with sub-national data in this study, the average 95th minus 5th percentile ranges of CO2 emission for all grid points can be reduced from 417 to 68.2 Mg km−2 yr−1. The spread is reduced because the uneven distribution of per capita fuel consumptions within countries is better taken into account by using sub-national fuel consumption data directly. Significant difference in per capita CO2 emissions between urban and rural areas was found in developing countries (2.08 vs. 0.598 Mg C/(cap. × yr)), but not in developed countries (3.55 vs. 3.41 Mg C/(cap. × yr)). This implies that rapid urbanization of developing countries is very likely to drive up their emissions in the future.
Autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndrome caused by DOCK8 gene mutation is an immunodeficiency. However, the presentation of a tumour-like lesion of the lip in autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndrome has ...not yet been reported. This article reports the case of a 20-year-old man with autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndrome who presented with a tumour-like lesion of the lip, and hyperplasia and erosion of the gingiva. The clinical manifestations included coarse face and neck skin, a diffuse tumour-like lesion on the upper lip showing a reddish erosive nodular surface with yellowish-white exudation, erosive buccal mucosa, and severe periodontitis. The swollen gingival and palatal mucosa indicated nodular hyperplasia and redness with pseudomembrane. The patient had a significantly increased peripheral blood eosinophil count and serum IgE level and an abnormal T lymphocyte count. His oral lesions improved markedly after prednisolone acetate use and local symptomatic treatment for 2 years. However, the patient unfortunately died of a cerebral infection 6 months after the oral lesions had resolved. The novel features of the labial tumour-like lesion described here extend our understanding of the manifestations of autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndrome.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A new dinuclear oxidovanadium(V) complex, V
2
O
2
(μ-O)
2
L
2
, where L is the monoanionic form of 2-(2-methylaminoethylimini)methyl-4-trifluoromethoxyphenol (HL), was prepared and characterized by ...IR, UV-Vis and
1
H NMR spectra, as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction (CIF file CCDC no. 1567062). The complex crystallizes as the monoclinic space group
P
2
1
/
c
with unit cell dimensions
a
= 12.974(3),
b
= 6.572(2),
c
= 17.205(3) Å, β = 107.300(3)°,
V
= 1400.7(5) Å
3
,
Z
= 2,
R
1
= 0.0879,
wR
2
= 0.1208, GOOf = 1.068. X-ray analysis indicates that the complex is a centrosymmetric dinuclear oxidovanadium(V) species with the V atoms in octahedral coordination. The Schiff base and the complex were evaluated for their antibacterial (
Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
, and
Pseudomonas fluorescence
) activities. The complex has the most activity against
B. subtilis
with the MIC value of 1.2 μg mL
–1
.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient digestion and absorption, which plays a key role in the survival of neonatal calves. A comprehensive assessment of the phosphoproteomic changes in ...the small intestine of neonatal calves is unavailable; therefore, we used phosphopeptide enrichment coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to investigate the changes in the phosphoproteome profile in the bovine small intestine during the first 36 h of life. Twelve neonatal male calves were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) calves not fed colostrum and slaughtered approximately 2 h postpartum (n = 3), (2) calves fed colostrum at 1 to 2 h and slaughtered 8 h postpartum (n = 3), (3) calves fed 2 colostrum meals (at 1–2 and 10–12 h) and slaughtered 24 h postpartum (n = 3), (4) calves fed 3 colostrum meals (at 1–2, 10–12, and 22–24 h) and slaughtered 36 h postpartum (n = 3). Mid-duodenal, jejunal, and ileal samples of the calves were collected after slaughter. We identified 1,678 phosphoproteins with approximately 3,080 phosphosites, which were mainly Ser (89.9%), Thr (9.8%), and Tyr (0.3%) residues; they belonged to the prodirected (52.9%), basic (20.4%), acidic (16.6%), and Tyr-directed (1.7%) motif categories. The regional differentially expressed phosphoproteins included zonula occludens 2, sorting nexin 12, and protein kinase C, which are mainly associated with developmental processes, intracellular transport, vesicle-mediated transport, and immune system process. They are enriched in the endocytosis, tight junction, insulin signaling, and focal adhesion pathways. The temporal differentially expressed phosphoproteins included occludin, epsin 1, and bridging integrator 1, which were mainly associated with macromolecule metabolic process, cell adhesion, and growth. They were enriched in the spliceosomes, adherens junctions, and tight junctions. The observed changes in the phosphoproteins in the tissues of small intestine suggest the protein phosphorylation plays an important role in nutrient transport and immune response of calves during early life, which needs to be confirmed in a larger study.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Human peripheral blood monocytes are a heterogeneous population, including CD14⁺CD16-‘classical' monocytes and CD14⁺CD16⁺‘proinflammatory' monocytes. CD16⁺ monocytes are expanded in various ...inflammatory conditions. However, little is known about the CD14⁺CD16⁺ monocytes in patients with breast cancer. We detected CD14⁺CD16⁺ monocytes in 96 patients with breast cancer and 54 control subjects using flow cytometry. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the feasibility of CD14⁺CD16⁺ monocytes as an indicator for diagnosis of breast cancer. We found that the frequency of CD14⁺CD16⁺ monocytes showed a significantly greater increase in breast cancer patients than in controls (16·96% versus 10·84%, P < 0·0001). The area under the ROC curve for CD14⁺CD16⁺ monocytes was 0·805 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0·714-0·877, P = 0·0001. Furthermore, the levels of CD16⁺ monocytes were significantly negatively associated with the tumour size and pathological staging. In vitro, we showed that CD14⁺CD16⁺ monocytes were expanded significantly when the purified CD14⁺ monocytes were exposed to Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF)-7 cells-conditioned medium (MCF-CM) or, separately, to monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). Neutralizing antibodies against MCP-1 inhibited the expansion of CD14⁺CD16⁺ monocytes by MCF-CM. Collectively, our findings indicated that MCP-1 can expand CD14⁺CD16⁺ monocytes in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, the CD14⁺CD16⁺ monocyte may be a useful indicator in early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Rice stripe virus, transmitted by the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus, has recently reemerged as a major disease in Zhejiang province, eastern China. Intensive surveys during 2003 to ...2006 demonstrated how the disease has spread rapidly from the northern to central and eastern regions with increasing incidence each year. In bioassays, the highest proportions of viruliferous vectors were from regions where the disease was most severe. The greatest disease incidence was in the earliest sown plants, and substantial control could be achieved by delaying planting from late May to mid-June. In experiments where different proportions of infected plants were established (by inoculation or varying the sowing date), average yield losses were 0.8% for every 1% increase in disease incidence. In inoculation experiments, young seedlings, particularly those at the three- to five-leaf stage, were the most susceptible, whereas ≤1% of plants inoculated at or after the elongation stage developed symptoms. Recent epidemics appear to have resulted from large populations of viruliferous vectors colonizing rice seedlings at the most susceptible stage. This is probably because of changes in cropping practice, recent warmer winters in Zhejiang province, and the development of resistance or tolerance to the insecticides widely used (triazophos, synthetic pyrethroids, and Imidacloprid).
PDF
