The open and formative teaching approach within the framework of cross campus learning for English majors in universities reflects an open and inclusive spirit of teaching and problem-solving, a ...sustainable learning method and process, and an attitude towards cooperative teaching and learning. The English major, with its characteristics as a liberal arts major, is particularly suitable for open and nurturing teaching models within the framework of cross school studies. Students majoring in English in universities should cultivate the habit of lifelong learning in an open teaching and learning environment, and effectively utilize the learning community under the cross campus learning framework and actively adapt to the diverse scoring mechanism under the cross campus learning framework.
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers new opportunities to study gene expression of tens of thousands of single cells simultaneously. We present DeepImpute, a deep neural network-based ...imputation algorithm that uses dropout layers and loss functions to learn patterns in the data, allowing for accurate imputation. Overall, DeepImpute yields better accuracy than other six publicly available scRNA-seq imputation methods on experimental data, as measured by the mean squared error or Pearson's correlation coefficient. DeepImpute is an accurate, fast, and scalable imputation tool that is suited to handle the ever-increasing volume of scRNA-seq data, and is freely available at https://github.com/lanagarmire/DeepImpute .
Artificial neural networks (ANN) are computing architectures with many interconnections of simple neural-inspired computing elements, and have been applied to biomedical fields such as imaging ...analysis and diagnosis. We have developed a new ANN framework called Cox-nnet to predict patient prognosis from high throughput transcriptomics data. In 10 TCGA RNA-Seq data sets, Cox-nnet achieves the same or better predictive accuracy compared to other methods, including Cox-proportional hazards regression (with LASSO, ridge, and mimimax concave penalty), Random Forests Survival and CoxBoost. Cox-nnet also reveals richer biological information, at both the pathway and gene levels. The outputs from the hidden layer node provide an alternative approach for survival-sensitive dimension reduction. In summary, we have developed a new method for accurate and efficient prognosis prediction on high throughput data, with functional biological insights. The source code is freely available at https://github.com/lanagarmire/cox-nnet.
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Event-triggered control (ETC) has been proposed in the networked control systems (NCSs) literature to reduce the need of data transmissions, and the main focus has been on the design of ETC ...mechanisms with a guaranteed positive minimum of inter-event time (MIET) and hence avoiding Zeno phenomena. In this paper, we propose a design of an aperiodic ETC mechanism for general nonlinear NCSs. In our setup, the communication network could introduce variable transmission delays, while data packets could get lost without acknowledgements. For this, we first introduce auxiliary variables dependent upon the transmission situations to capture the relationship between the number of successive packet dropouts, MIETs, transmission delays and the number of successful packets being transmitted. Meanwhile, by designing appropriate jump rules of these variables, the changing process of the network-induced errors can be tracked. Then, we present a novel output-based dynamic ETC strategy that can simultaneously guarantee a finite <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">L_{p}</tex-math></inline-formula>-gain and a strictly positive lower bound despite the presence of packet losses and transmission delays. In particular, the mandatory limit of short delays can be avoided, and the transmission delays exceeding the positive MIETs are allowed. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Sodium dual‐ion batteries (Na‐DIBs) have attracted increasing attention due to their high operative voltages and low‐cost raw materials. However, the practical applications of Na‐DIBs are still ...hindered by the issues, such as low capacity and poor Coulombic efficiency, which is highly correlated with the compatibility between electrode and electrolyte but rarely investigated. Herein, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is introduced into the electrolyte to regulate cation/anion solvation structure and the stability of cathode/anode‐electrolyte interphase of Na‐DIBs. The FEC modulates the environment of PF6− solvation sheath and facilitates the interaction of PF6− on graphite. In addition, the NaF‐rich interphase caused by the preferential decomposition of FEC effectively inhibits side reactions and pulverization of anodes with the electrolyte. Consequently, Sb||graphite full cells in FEC‐containing electrolyte achieve an improved capacity, cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency. This work elucidates the underlying mechanism of bifunctional FEC and provides an alternative strategy of building high‐performance dual ion batteries.
With the addition of FEC, a robust electrode‐electrolyte interphase formed on the surface of Sb anode and graphite cathode, inhibiting the pulverization of Sb and the expansion of graphite. The formation of FEC‐rich anions solvation structure facilitates the insertion of PF6−, which significantly improves the reversible capacity. Thus, guaranteeing the greatly enhanced performance of high voltage and power density Sb||graphite dual‐ion batteries.
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6.
Assembly of CpcL‐phycobilisomes Guo, Rui; Xu, Ya‐Li; Zhu, Jun‐Xun ...
The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology,
20/May , Volume:
118, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
SUMMARY
CpcL‐phycobilisomes (CpcL‐PBSs) are a reduced type of phycobilisome (PBS) found in several cyanobacteria. They lack the traditional PBS terminal energy emitters, but still show the ...characteristic red‐shifted fluorescence at ~670 nm. We established a method of assembling in vitro a rod‐membrane linker protein, CpcL, with phycocyanin, generating complexes with the red‐shifted spectral features of CpcL‐PBSs. The red‐shift arises from the interaction of a conserved key glutamine, Q57 of CpcL in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, with a single phycocyanobilin chromophore of trimeric phycocyanin at one of the three β82‐sites. This chromophore is the terminal energy acceptor of CpcL‐PBSs and donor to the photosystem(s). This mechanism also operates in PBSs from Acaryochloris marina MBIC11017. We then generated multichromic complexes harvesting light over nearly the complete visible range via the replacement of phycocyanobilin chromophores at sites α84 and β153 of phycocyanins by phycoerythrobilin and/or phycourobilin. The results demonstrate the rational design of biliprotein‐based light‐harvesting elements by engineering CpcL and phycocyanins, which broadens the light‐harvesting range and accordingly improves the light‐harvesting capacity and may be potentially applied in solar energy harvesting.
Significance Statement
Cyanobacteria have a rod‐shaped CpcL‐phycobilisome (CpcL‐PBS) possessing a red‐shifted fluorescence at 670 nm. We establish a method of assembling CpcL‐PBSs in vitro, accordingly, showing the mechanism of the red‐shifted fluorescence optimizing energy transfer of CpcL‐PBSs. It is pinpointed to the interaction of a single chromophore in phycocyanins with a key glutamine of CpcL. Complexes of different sizes are engineered using tagged CpcL as an assembly template, including complexes with modified chromophores.
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•1D Pluto atmosphere model with enhanced radiation code applied to Triton's atmosphere.•Confirm magnetospheric heating is necessary to explain Voyager Triton occultation data.•Can explain isothermal ...Triton stratosphere between 25 and 50km.•CH4 column density differences explain Pluto, Triton different T(z) profiles below 50km.•Hypothesize that H2O, delivered by dust grains, cools Pluto's thermosphere to 70K.
Both atmospheres of Pluto and Neptune's largest satellite Triton have cold surfaces with surface gravitational accelerations and atmospheric surface pressures of comparable magnitude. To study their atmospheres we have updated Zhu et al. (2014) model for Pluto's atmosphere by adopting Voigt line profiles in the radiation module with the latest spectral database and extended the model to Triton's atmosphere by including additional parameterized heating due to the magnetospheric electron transport and energy deposition. The CH4 mixing ratio profiles play central roles in differentiating the atmospheres of Pluto and Triton. On Pluto the surface CH4 mole fraction is in the range of 0.3-0.8%, sufficiently high to ensure that it is well mixed in the lower atmosphere and not subject to photochemical destruction. Near the exobase CH4 attains comparable density to N2 due to gravitational diffusive separation and escapes at 500 times the N2 rate (= 1 × 1023 N2s−1). In Triton's atmosphere, the surface CH4 mole fraction is on the order of 0.015%, sufficiently low to ensure that it is photochemically destroyed irreversibly in the lower atmosphere and that N2 remains the major species, even at the exobase. With solar EUV power only, Triton's upper thermosphere is too cold and magnetospheric heating, approximately comparable to the solar EUV power, is needed to bring the N2 tangential column number density in the 500–800km range up to values derived from the Voyager 2 UVS observations (Broadfoot et al., 1989). Due to their cold exobase temperatures relative to the gravitational potential energy wells that N2 resides in, atmospheric escape from Triton and Pluto is not dominated by N2 Jeans escape but by CH4 from Pluto and H, C, N and H2 from Triton. The atmospheric thermal structure near the exobase is sensitive to the atmospheric escape rate only when it is significantly greater than 2×1027amus−1, above which enhanced Jeans escape and larger radial velocity adiabatically cools the atmosphere to a lower temperature. Finally we suggest that Pluto's thermosphere is a cold ∼ 70K due to ablation of H2O molecules from the influx of dust grains detected by New Horizons Student Dust Counter.
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In this paper, we investigate the problem of stabilization for sampled-data fuzzy systems under variable sampling. A novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) is defined to capture the ...characteristic of sampled-data systems, and an improved input delay approach is proposed. By the use of an appropriate enlargement scheme, new stability and stabilization criteria are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Compared with the existing results, the newly obtained ones contain less conservatism. Some illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method and the significant improvement on the existing results.
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•CO2 and nutrients transfer in the PBR has great effects on microalgae growth.•CO2 and nutrients transfer depends on the multiphase flow.•Microalgal growth affects synthetically by ...flow and mass transfer in PBR.•CO2 is pumped to PBR with the formation of bubbles and formed gas-liquid flow.•PBR design should bases on characteristics of gas-liquid flow and mass transfer.
Photobioreactor (PBR) is the most critical equipment for microalgal photosynthetic fixation of CO2. It provides suitable environmental conditions, such as CO2, light and nutrients, for microalgal growth. As the major carbon source for microalgae, CO2 gas is pumped into PBR with the formation of bubbles and formed gas-liquid flow. The gas-liquid flow affects CO2 and nutrients transmission as well as microalgae cells distribution in PBR, thereby affecting the biochemical reaction of microalgae. While the migration and transport of biochemical reaction products affect the two-phase flow, phase distribution and flow resistance in the PBR in return, thus affecting the transport of light and nutrients. Therefore, microalgal photosynthetic rate is determined synthetically by two-phase flow and the transport of CO2, light and nutrients in PBR. Deep understanding of gas-liquid two-phase flow, energy and mass transfer coupling with microalgal growth in PBR is the cornerstone for the design of an efficient microalgae PBR.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Objective To conduct a systematic review of the efficacy and safety of Shenyankangfu tablets in combination with losartan potassium in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis. Method We searched ...PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, and WeiPu for comparative studies on Shenyankangfu tablets in combination with losartan potassium in the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis. The search period runs from the establishment of the database until September 2021. Data extraction and quality evaluation were carried out on the documents that met the inclusion criteria, and a meta-analysis of the included literature was conducted using the RevMan5.3 software. Results A total of 17 randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were included, with a total sample size of 1680 patients (841 patients in the study group and 839 in the control group). The effective rate was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group RR = 1.22, 95% CI (1.16, 1.27), P < 0.00001. In addition, 24-hour urine protein levels SMD = -1.11, 95% CI (-1.40, -0.83), P < 0.00001, urine NAG enzyme SMD = -0.99, 95% CI (-1.27, -0.72), P < 0.00001, leukotactin-1 SMD = -2.43, 95% CI (-3.50, -1.35), P < 0.00001, and the incidence of adverse reactions RR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.28, 0.66), P < 0.00001 were lower in the study group when compared to the control group. Conclusion It is safer to treat chronic glomerulonephritis with Shyenyankangfu tablets in combination with losartan potassium. At the same time, it alleviates disease-related symptoms, reduces the influence of cytokine levels, and has fewer adverse reactions, making it more conducive to disease recovery. However, additional multi-center, randomized, control trials with large sample sizes must be conducted to confirm the findings.
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