The intrinsic polysulfides shuttle, resulting from not only concentration‐gradient diffusion but also slow conversion kinetics of polysulfides, bears the primary responsibility for the poor capacity ...and cycle stability of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Here, it is first presented that enriched edge sites derived from vertical standing and ultrathin 2D layered metal selenides (2DLMS) can simultaneously achieve the thermodynamic and kinetic regulation for polysulfides diffusion, which is systematically elucidated through theoretical calculation, electrochemical characterization, and spectroscopic/microscopic analysis. When employed to fabricate compact coating layer of separator, an ultrahigh capacity of 1338.7 mA h g−1 is delivered after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, which is the best among the reports. Over 1000 cycles, the cell still maintains the capacity of 546.8 mA h g−1 at 0.5 C. Moreover, the cell exhibits outstanding capacities of 1106.2 and 865.7 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at stern temperature of 0 and −25 °C. The superior low‐temperature performance is appealing for extended practical application of LSBs. Especially, in view of the economy, the 2DLMS is recycled as an anode of lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries after finishing the test of LSBs. The low‐cost and scalable 2DLMS with enriched egde sites open a new avenue for the perfect regulation of the sulfur electrode.
The enriched edge sites derived from vertical mono‐ or few‐layer 2D layered metal selenides achieve preferential chemical adsorption of polysulfides. Concurrently, polysulfides conversion is promoted via the electron transfer between edge sites and adsorbed polysulfides. When employed for separator modification, polysulfides are well stabilized on the cathode region, which endows lithium–sulfur batteries with the best cycle stability and low‐temperature performance.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Histidine triad nucleotide‐binding protein 2 (HINT2) is an enzyme found in mitochondria that functions as a nucleotide hydrolase and transferase. Prior studies have demonstrated that HINT2 plays a ...crucial role in ischemic heart disease, but its importance in cardiac remodelling remains unknown. Therefore, the current study intends to determine the role of HINT2 in cardiac remodelling. HINT2 expression levels were found to be lower in failing hearts and hypertrophy cardiomyocytes. The mice that overexpressed HINT2 exhibited reduced myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction in response to stress. In contrast, the deficiency of HINT2 in the heart of mice resulted in a worsening hypertrophic phenotype. Further analysis indicated that upregulated genes were predominantly associated with the oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial complex I pathways in HINT2‐overexpressed mice after aortic banding (AB) treatment. This suggests that HINT2 increases the expression of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein (NDUF) genes. In cellular studies, rotenone was used to disrupt mitochondrial complex I, and the protective effect of HINT2 overexpression was nullified. Lastly, we predicted that thyroid hormone receptor beta might regulate HINT2 transcriptional activity. To conclusion, the current study showcased that HINT2 alleviates pressure overload‐induced cardiac remodelling by influencing the activity and assembly of mitochondrial complex I. Thus, targeting HINT2 could be a novel therapeutic strategy for reducing cardiac remodelling.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Thrombocytopenia is independently related with increased mortality in severe septic patients. Renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) is elevated in septic subjects; accumulating studies show that angiotensin ...II (Ang II) stimulate the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship of platelet apoptosis and RAS system in sepsis have not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to elucidate whether the RAS was involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis‐associated thrombocytopenia and explore the underlying mechanisms. We found that elevated plasma Ang II was associated with decreased platelet count in both patients with sepsis and experimental animals exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Besides, Ang II treatment induced platelet apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent manner in primary isolated platelets, which was blocked by angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist losartan, but not by angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist PD123319. Moreover, inhibiting AT1R by losartan attenuated LPS‐induced platelet apoptosis and alleviated sepsis‐associated thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, Ang II treatment induced oxidative stress level in a concentration‐dependent manner in primary isolated platelets, which was partially reversed by the AT1R antagonist losartan. The present study demonstrated that elevated Ang II directly stimulated platelet apoptosis through promoting oxidative stress in an AT1R‐dependent manner in sepsis‐associated thrombocytopenia. The results would helpful for understanding the role of RAS system in sepsis‐associated thrombocytopenia.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Orchidaceae is one of the largest families of angiosperms. Considering the large number of species in this family and its symbiotic relationship with fungi, Orchidaceae provide an ideal model to ...study the evolution of plant mitogenomes. However, to date, there is only one draft mitochondrial genome of this family available. Here, we present a fully assembled and annotated sequence of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of
, a species with high economic and ornamental value. The mitogenome of
was 447,368 bp in length and comprised 26 circular subgenomes ranging in size from 5973 bp to 32,281 bp. The genome encoded for 39 mitochondrial-origin, protein-coding genes; 16 tRNAs (three of plastome origin); three rRNAs; and 16 ORFs, while
and
were lost from the mitogenome. Moreover, interorganellar DNA transfer was identified in 14 of the 26 chromosomes. These plastid-derived DNA fragments represented 28.32% (46,273 bp) of the
plastome, including 12 intact plastome origin genes. Remarkably, the mitogenome of
and
shared 18% (about 81 kb) of their mitochondrial DNA sequences. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between repeat length and recombination frequency. The mitogenome of
had more compact and fragmented chromosomes compared to other species with multichromosomal structures. We suggest that repeat-mediated homologous recombination enables the dynamic structure of mitochondrial genomes in Orchidaceae.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The accurate prediction of ship trajectory has great significance in maritime transportation. Among all the prediction methods, multi-step prediction has received increasing attention because it can ...predict both time and position information in the future period. However, the existing methods are either complex or have low prediction accuracy. In order to overcome the limitations, a physical hypothesis is introduced to balance the complexity and the accuracy. The cubic spline interpolation and historical trajectories are used to realize it. The advantages of TPNet and LSTM are combined in the proposed method and four parts are involved: the AIS data preprocessing method, the solutions of destination point and support point, and the uncertainty analysis. The proposed method is not only easy to implement and suitable for real-time analysis, but also has a high prediction accuracy. The case study on a ferry ship in the Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River indicates the validity of the method.
•Complex mapping relationships and large data requirements for multi-step prediction is solved.•A physical constraint is used in the construction of the model.•An automatic generation method of reference trajectory based on ship motion parameters is proposed.•The effectiveness of the method is verified by making predictions under four different navigation states.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
MutS homolog 1 (MSH1) is involved in the recombining and repairing of organelle genomes and is essential for maintaining their stability. Previous studies indicated that the length of the gene varied ...greatly among species and detected species-specific partial gene duplications in Physcomitrella patens. However, there are critical gaps in the understanding of the gene size expansion, and the extent of the partial gene duplication of MSH1 remains unclear. Here, we screened MSH1 genes in 85 selected species with genome sequences representing the main clades of green plants (Viridiplantae). We identified the MSH1 gene in all lineages of green plants, except for nine incomplete species, for bioinformatics analysis. The gene is a singleton gene in most of the selected species with conserved amino acids and protein domains. Gene length varies greatly among the species, ranging from 3234 bp in Ostreococcus tauri to 805,861 bp in Cycas panzhihuaensis. The expansion of MSH1 repeatedly occurred in multiple clades, especially in Gymnosperms, Orchidaceae, and Chloranthus spicatus. MSH1 has exceptionally long introns in certain species due to the gene length expansion, and the longest intron even reaches 101,025 bp. And the gene length is positively correlated with the proportion of the transposable elements (TEs) in the introns. In addition, gene structure analysis indicated that the MSH1 of green plants had undergone parallel intron gains and losses in all major lineages. However, the intron number of seed plants (gymnosperm and angiosperm) is relatively stable. All the selected gymnosperms contain 22 introns except for Gnetum montanum and Welwitschia mirabilis, while all the selected angiosperm species preserve 21 introns except for the ANA grade. Notably, the coding region of MSH1 in algae presents an exceptionally high GC content (47.7% to 75.5%). Moreover, over one-third of the selected species contain species-specific partial gene duplications of MSH1, except for the conserved mosses-specific partial gene duplication. Additionally, we found conserved alternatively spliced MSH1 transcripts in five species. The study of MSH1 sheds light on the evolution of the long genes of green plants.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Tumour lineage plasticity is an emerging hallmark of aggressive tumours. Tumour cells usually hijack developmental signalling pathways to gain cellular plasticity and evade therapeutic targeting. In ...the present study, the secreted protein growth and differentiation factor 1 (GDF1) is found to be closely associated with poor tumour differentiation. Overexpression of GDF1 suppresses cell proliferation but strongly enhances tumour dissemination and metastasis. Ectopic expression of GDF1 can induce the dedifferentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells into their ancestral lineages and reactivate a broad panel of cancer testis antigens (CTAs), which further stimulate the immunogenicity of HCC cells to immune-based therapies. Mechanistic studies reveal that GDF1 functions through the Activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7)-Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (SMAD2/3) signalling cascade and suppresses the epigenetic regulator Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) to boost CTA expression. GDF1-induced tumour lineage plasticity might be an Achilles heel for HCC immunotherapy. Inhibition of LSD1 based on GDF1 biomarker prescreening might widen the therapeutic window for immune checkpoint inhibitors in the clinic.
•Phthalate diesters (PE) were measured in multiple urine samples during pregnancy.•Hazard index (HI) for multiple phthalates was calculated for each urine sample.•Components of metabolic syndrome ...were assessed as outcomes.•Inconsistent outcome associations were observed for single PEs and metabolites.•HI was associated with increased risks of GDM, HDOP and excessive GWG.
Few studies have investigated the association of gestational exposure to phthalate with metabolic risk and have reached inconsistent conclusions. Based on the Ma’anshan Birth Cohort, 3273 women were included in the present study. All participants provided up to three urine samples for 7 phthalate metabolite measurements. The hazard index (HI) was used to evaluate the cumulative risk of multiple phthalate coexposures. The outcomes of interest included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDOP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and gestational weight gain (GWG). The incidences of HDOP, GDM, and excessive GWG were 5.93%, 13.09%, and 28.95%, respectively. Exposure to a single phthalate metabolite or a specific diester during the first trimester of pregnancy elevated blood pressure (BP) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the third trimester and body weight gain throughout pregnancy. However, inverse relationships were revealed for some phthalate metabolites, which were inconsistent with the results of their diesters. The HI value during the first trimester was positively associated with subsequent BP, FPG, and GWG. In addition, HI during the first trimester increased the risks of GDM odds ratio (OR) = 1.34, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.02–1.75) and excessive GWG (OR = 1.76, 95% CIs = 1.41–2.19) in a linear manner thereafter. Notably, phthalates might directly increase maternal blood glucose and pressure, and these changes were secondary effects of the obesiogenic effects of certain phthalates. In conclusion, exposure to single and multiple phthalates during the first trimester of pregnancy increased the risks of maternal metabolic syndrome components. However, the conflicting findings between phthalates and their metabolites need to be interpreted carefully.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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In this work, a rational design and construction of porous spherical NiO@NiMoO4 wrapped with PPy was reported for the application of high-performance supercapacitor (SC). The results ...show that the NiMoO4 modification changes the morphology of NiO, and the hollow internal morphology combined with porous outer shell of NiO@NiMoO4 and NiO@NiMoO4@PPy hybrids shows an increased specific surface area (SSA), and then promotes the transfer of ions and electrons. The shell of NiMoO4 and PPy with high electronic conductivity decreases the charge-transfer reaction resistance of NiO, and then improves the electrochemical kinetics of NiO. At 20Ag−1, the initial capacitances of NiO, NiMoO4, NiO@NiMoO4 and NiO@NiMoO4@PPy are 456.0, 803.2, 764.4 and 941.6Fg−1, respectively. After 10,000 cycles, the corresponding capacitances are 346.8, 510.8, 641.2 and 904.8Fg−1, respectively. Especially, the initial capacitance of NiO@NiMoO4@PPy is 850.2Fg−1, and remains 655.2Fg−1 with a high retention of 77.1% at 30Ag−1 even after 30,000 cycles. The calculation result based on density function theory shows that the much stronger Mo-O bonds are crucial for stabilizing the NiO@NiMoO4 composite, resulting in a good cycling stability of these materials.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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