Secreted peptide-mediated cell-to-cell communication plays a crucial role in the development of multicellular organisms. A large number of secreted peptides have been predicated by bioinformatic ...approaches in plants. However, only a few of them have been functionally characterized. In this study, we show that two CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) peptides CLE16/17 are required for both stem cell differentiation and lateral root (LR) emergence in
. We further demonstrate that the CLE16/17 peptides act through the CLAVATA1-ARABIDOPSIS CRINKLY4 (CLV1-ACR4) protein kinase complex in columella stem cell (CSC) differentiation, but not in LR emergence. Furthermore, we show that CLE16/17 promote LR emergence probably
activating the expression of
/
(
/
) required for cell wall remodeling. Collectively, our results reveal a CLV1-ACR4-dependent and -independent dual-function of the CLE16/17 peptides in root development.
After a landslide, swift and precise identification of the affected area is paramount for facilitating urgent rescue operations and damage assessments. This is particularly vital for land use ...planners and policymakers, enabling them to efficiently address hazard mitigation, the resettlement of those affected by the hazards, and to strategize land planning in the impacted regions. Despite the importance, conventional methods of monitoring landslides often fall short due to their restricted scope and the challenges associated with data acquisition. This study proposes a landslide detection method based on unsupervised multisource and target domain adaptive image segmentation (LUDAS) that is capable of achieving robust and generalized landslide mapping across multiple sources and target domains. Specifically, LUDAS consists of two phases. In the first phase, we introduce an unsupervised interdomain translation network to align the styles of multiple source domains to multiple target domains, generating pseudotarget domain data. Our interdomain translation network is capable of style transfer between any two domains. Through careful design of the network structure and loss functions, we ensure effective style transfer while preserving the content structure of the source domain images. In the second phase, the landslide segmentation model is trained in a supervised manner using annotated data from multiple source domains and multiple pseudotarget domains, resulting in a model with strong generalization capabilities that can adapt to multiple source and target domains. Finally, through extensive qualitative and quantitative analysis experiments, our study confirms that the proposed domain-adaptive segmentation model not only achieves exceptional landslide segmentation performance across multiple target domains but also, due to its good generalizability and transferability, has great potential for application in the emergency response to landslide. This capability can provide strong support for post-disaster emergency rescue, disaster assessment, and land planning in areas with scarce data.
Due to the economic value of natural textile fiber, cotton has attracted much research attention, which has led to the publication of two diploid genomes and two tetraploid genomes. These big data ...facilitate functional genomic study in cotton, and allow researchers to investigate cotton genome structure, gene expression, and protein function on the global scale using high-throughput methods. In this review, we summarized recent studies of cotton genomes. Population genomic analyses revealed the domestication history of cultivated upland cotton and the roles of transposable elements in cotton genome evolution.Alternative splicing of cotton transcriptomes was evaluated genome-widely. Several important gene families like MYC, NAC, Sus and GhPLDal were systematically identified and classified based on genetic structure and biological function. High-throughput proteomics also unraveled the key functional proteins correlated with fiber development. Functional genomic studies have provided unprecedented insights into global-scale methods for cotton research.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
DNA methylation controls many aspects of plant growth and development. Here, we report a novel annual growth potential change that may correlate with changes in levels of the major DNA demethylases ...and methyltransferases in cotton ovules harvested at different times of the year. The abundances of DNA demethylases, at both the mRNA and protein levels, increased significantly from February to August and decreased during the remainder of the 12-month period, with the opposite pattern observed for DNA methyltransferases. Over the course of one year, substantial changes in methylcytosine content was observed at certain CHH sites (H = A, C, or T) in the promoter regions of the ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR 6 (ERF6), SUPPRESSION OF RVS 161 DELTA 4 (SUR4) and 3-KETOACYL-COA SYNTHASE 13 (KCS13), which regulate cotton fiber growth. Three independent techniques were used to confirm the annual fluctuations in DNA methylation. Furthermore, in homozygous RNAi lines specifically targeting REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1, a conserved DNA demethylase domain), promotion of DNA methylation significantly reduced fiber growth during August.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Transposons (TEs) are known to change the gene expression and function, and subsequently cause plant speciation and evolution. Nevertheless, efficient and new approaches are required to investigate ...the role of TEs in the plant genome structural variations. Here, we reported the method named matrix-TE to investigate the differentiation of intact and truncated LTR/TEs comprehensively in Indica and Japonica rice throughout whole genomes with a special eye on centromeric regions. Six LTR/TE super-families were identified in both Indica and Japonica rice genomes, and the TE ORF references were extracted by phylogenetic analysis. Indica rice specific TE peak P-Gypsy and Japonica rice specific TE peak P-Copia were observed, and were further analyzed by Gaussian probability density function (GPDF) fit. The individual TE peak P-Gypsy was observed in centromeric regions of the Indica genome. By the matrix-TE method, the divergence of Indica and Japonica genomes, especially their centromeric regions, mainly resulted from the Ty3/Gypsy insertion events at 0.77 Mya. Our data indicate that the optimized matrix-TE approach may be used to specifically analyze the TE content, family evolution, and time of the TE insertions.
Arginine-rich Tandem Zinc Finger (RR-TZF) proteins make up a plant-specific superfamily that participates in plant development, while their roles in cotton fiber development remain to be explored. In ...this study, we identified an RR-TZF protein-coding gene, GhTZF2, containing two CCCH domains (C-X7-C-X5-C-X3-H-X16-C-X5-C-X4-C-X3-H) and one RR domain at the N-terminus of the two CCCH domains, by comparing the differences of chromatin H3K4me3 modifications between wild-type upland cotton (WT) and the fuzzless-lintless mutant (fl) ovules. GhTZF2 was highly expressed in ovule cells near anthesis, and multiple experiments revealed that GhTZF2 could interact directly with GhMORF8. Homozygotic GhTZF2-knockout cotton lines produced significantly shorter fibers with thinner cell walls. Additionally, comparative transcriptome analysis confirmed that many differentially expressed transcripts contain adenine- and uridine-rich (AU-rich) elements (AREs) in their 3’ untranslated regions (UTR). Together, this study indicated that GhTZF2 may regulate cotton fiber cell development through interacting with GhMORF8, or may be involved in mRNA turnover.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive, life-threatening, interstitial lung disease with no effective therapy. In this study, we evaluated the effects of fluorofenidone (FD), a novel pyridone ...agent, on a murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Institute for Cancer Research mice were intravenously injected with BLM or saline for 14 consecutive days. Fluorofenidone, pirfenidone (500 mg · kg · d, respectively), or vehicle was administered throughout the course of the experiment. Animals were killed on day 28, and various parameters reflecting pulmonary vascular permeability, influx of inflammatory cells, and levels of transforming growth factor β in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assessed. Collagen I, α-smooth muscle actin, and fibronectin were measured by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. Furthermore, caveolin 1 and activation of P38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase were detected by Western blot. Fluorofenidone treatment significantly attenuated the increased pulmonary damage index score, the levels of proteins, transforming growth factor β, and the influx of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Fluorofenidone also markedly reduced the expression of fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen I in mouse lung tissues. Inversely, FD restored caveolin 1 protein and mRNA expression, which was significantly downregulated in BLM-induced lung fibrosis. Fluorofenidone also inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, P38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These findings collectively suggest that FD is an effective agent with antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties, and the mechanisms of its antifibrotic effect include regulating caveolin 1 expression and blocking mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
Researches on packed liquid desiccant dehumidifiers are abundant. However, only a few works concentrate on modeling the dynamic dehumidification process as it requires detailed heat and mass transfer ...coefficients along the dehumidifier, which are impacted by many factors such as flow pattern of liquid desiccant and hard to be obtained, hindering the development of dynamic models. Data driven modeling method could eliminate the requirement for detailed heat and mass transfer coefficient along the dehumidifier. A time delay neural network (TDNN) model is a general way to describe the dynamic process without the requirement of much knowledge on physical mechanism, yet the number of time steps for each inlet parameter is hard to be determined. In this paper, an improved time delay neural network (iTDNN) model was proposed. Through analyzing characteristics of dehumidification process, model inputs were simplified, which is the core of improvement of TDNN model. Besides, a new combined algorithm including back propagation (BP) algorithm and improved genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed to acquire the optimal weight values globally. The predicted results agree well with the experimental data for validation part. The method presented in the paper provides a reference for modeling multi-variables and large delay nonlinear dynamic systems.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Professor Yingguo Zhu, an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, devoted his whole life (1939–2017) with tremendous enthusiasm to breeding hybrid rice. He studied and worked at Wuhan ...University for 58 years and contributed to enriching the diversity of hybrid rice, such as Maxie-type and Honglian-type hybrid rice. We are organizing this Special Issue in his honor to remember his great contributions to hybrid rice, especially Honglian-type male sterility. We invite researchers, including his former students, to submit manuscripts focused on male sterility, rice breeding, and, in particular, hybrid rice breeding, functional genomics research, gene mining and utilization, transposons, and the creation of germplasm. In addition, new technology and cutting-edge research studies are also welcome. We believe that this Special Issue will be helpful to the research on rice and the improvement of hybrid rice breeding in the future.
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