This work presents the results of a comparison between the global storm activity rate
I
RS and electric field intensity
E
0
Z
. The permanent analysis of the
I
RS may become an important tool for ...testing Global Electric Circuit models.
I
RS is determined by a new method that uses the background component of the first 7 Schumann resonances (SR). The rate calculations are based on ELF observations carried out in 2005 and 2006 in the observatory station “Hylaty” of the Jagiellonian University in the Eastern Carpathians (Kułak, A., Zięba, S., Micek, S., Nieckarz, Z., 2003. Solar variations in extremely low frequency propagation parameters: I. A two-dimensional telegraph equation (TDTE) model of ELF propagation and fundamental parameters of Schumann resonances, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 1270, doi:10.1029/2002JA009304). Diurnal runs of the
I
RS rate were compared with diurnal runs of
E
0
Z
amplitudes registered at the Earth's surface in the Geophysical Observatory of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Świder (Kubicki, M., 2005. Results of Atmospheric Electricity and Meteorological Observations, S. Kalinowski Geophysical Observatory at Świder 2004, Pub. Inst. Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, D-68 (383), Warszawa.). The days with the highest values of the correlation coefficient (
R) between amplitudes of both observed parameters characterizing atmosphere electric activity are shown. The seasonal changes of
R,
I
RS and
E
0
Z
are also presented.
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The article consists of two parts: the methodological one and the one devoted to the subject itself. The former one includes a discussion on the choice of the research strategy for living systems. ...The choice is between the reductionist and antireductionist approaches. Reductionism is discussed in detail in the article, which means that the author did not confine himself to one of its options only, but on the basis of the abundant western literature he shows its various versions: the constitutive, explicative, theoretical, methodological, epistemological and ontological ones. Each of them is discussed both from the point of view of its victories and defeats. Antireductionism includes considerations of holism (strong, weak) in the aspect of its adequacy to explaining the autonomy of living systems. The author seeks conciliation of reductionism and antireductionism in emergetism. The latter part of the publication is concerned with the problem of organization of living systems. It consists of two parts: the origin and the nature of life. The first one includes a discussion of various conceptions of the transition from phisis to bios. The article contains a review of numerous approaches to understanding of the mentioned transition. Particular approaches are discussed in several aspects: methodological, epistemological and . Hence this part of the article is a synthesis of the achievements in the question of understanding the origin of life. The author reduces the problem of the nature of life to pointing to the organization rules, to the algorithms that are decisive for biologism of the system. The stress in this question is put on information which, besides the matter and energy decides about the specific type of systems. The article has the character of a review and synthesis. It is based on the literature published in the West. Its task is to show the reader the progress in interdisciplinaty knowledge that is concerned with the study of the organization of living systems. The material that is included in the article transcends the problems of philosophy of living nature.
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We present a new method of automatic detection of ELF impulses related to cloud‐to‐ground lightning at distances 1–2 Mm from a broadband ELF receiver and also we present a new numerical automated ...technique for calculating the lightning dipole moment. We have performed the detection for two known data sets of lightning flashes detected by the French lightning detection network Meteorage in southwest Europe over two 48 h periods 28–29 July and 6–7 September 2005. The number of flashes identified in the ELF data compared to the number of flashes detected by Meteorage reach 10–25% when little local activity close to the ELF station is present. The local thunderstorm activity worsens the detection of lightning from larger distances and the efficiency of identification of ELF impulses as lightning can decrease to a few percent. By combining the information on the location of the lightning flashes from Meteorage with the ELF data, lightning dipole moments can be calculated. Our results suggest the dipole moment is linearly correlated with the lightning peak current (p ≃ 7.5 Imax) but the dispersion of the dipole moment for a given peak current is significant. One of the reasons of such dispersion is the contribution of the lightning continuing current to the ELF signal.
Key Points
It presents a new method of automatic detection of ELF impulses
It shows a new automated technique for calculating the lightning dipole moment
It indicates that the dipole moment is linearly correlated with the peak current
Although numerous works on the philosophy of nature have appeared in this country, they deal with its epistemological and methodological status rather than more detailed problems of the philosophy of ...animate nature. The present paper takes up one of these issues, attempting to define the difference between the animate and inanimate Being. It examines two conceptions of the animate Being. The monistic conception concentrates on the content element of the animate Being which it considers the essence, while the pluralistic one stresses that the essence is connected with the substantial form. Both notions result from two different philosophical systems. Therefore the article does not contrast the attitudes, presenting arguments in favour of each. It seems, however, that objective reasoning justifies the pluralistic conception of Being. It should be remembered, though, that the paper is merely an introduction and not an exhaustive discussion of the problem.
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Due to the development of molecular biology the ancient problem of the teleology of living set-ups has again been taken up. Cybernetics with its model of cell based on information has proved very ...helpful. The paper seeks to present some solutions of the problem of teleology. The material concentrates on a few questions: why does man go back to teleology in explaining the living set-ups? To what extent do the data of molecular biology and cybernetics produce a new standpoint on this issue? May the proposed teleonomic conception of life satisfy the researcher? The final part sought to point to yet another solution of this problem. Two kinds of explanation have been quoted: the projective and symbolic one. The question of teleology would belong to the latter. The material of the paper is based mainly on French literature in which this problem is still present.
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40.
Sprawa Galileusza Zięba, Stanisław
Roczniki Filozoficzne / Annales de Philosophie / Annals of Philosophy,
01/1986, Volume:
34, Issue:
3
Book Review
Peer reviewed
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