The goal of this research was to test whether and to what extent mental toughness contribute to the explanation of state anxiety in athletes. This study relied on a multidimensional construct of ...anxiety which includes somatic and cognitive anxiety. Dimensions of anxiety were measured with “Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2” (cognitive and somatic anxiety), and mental toughness was measured with “Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire”. The research sample consisted of 117 athletes, 67 men and 50 women, who have been actively engaged in various competitive sports. The structure of the sample by age was: 64 athletes are from 20 to 25 years old; 19 respondents aged 25 to 30; 31 athletes aged 30 to 35; and 4 respondents are over 35 years old. The results showed statistically significant correlations between dimensions and overall mental toughness on the one hand and cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety on the other. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with the aim of predicting the dimensions of anxiety based on mental toughness. Based on the dimensions of mental toughness, 25% of the variability of cognitive anxiety and 22% of somatic anxiety were explained. Self-confidence as a dimension of mental strength is a predictor of all dimensions of the state of anxiety. This study has indicated a great significance of developing athletes’ mental toughness with the goal of reducing anxiety and achieving better performance in competitions.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between elements of the JD-R Model in a sample of teachers from the Republic of Serbia. The sample consisted of 119 teachers who have been ...working in primary and secondary schools. Work overload was measured by the Workload Scale (Shirom et al., 2010), emotional demands and social support of chiefs were examined by appropriate parts of the Questionnaire on the Experience and Assessment of Work (Van Veldhoven & Meijman, 1994), burnout at work was measured using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), engagement was tested by the UWES - Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004). The results showed statistically significant correlations between work overload, on the one hand, and burnout (r = .570, p <0.01), job engagement (r = -. 291, p <0.01), on the other hand. Correlations were also established between emotional demands, on the one hand, and burnout (r = .513, p <0.01), job engagement (r = -. 185, p <0.05), on the other hand. Statistically significant correlations were found between peer support, on the one hand, and burnout (r = -. 253, p <0.01), job engagement (r = .290, p <0.01) on the other hand. Correlations between support of chiefs, on the one hand, and burnout (r = -. 304, p <0.01), job engagement (r = .156, p <0.05) were also established on the other hand. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between burnout and job engagement (r = -. 598, p <0.01). The results confirmed the assumptions of the JD-R model: 1. an energetic process of wearing out in which high job demands (work overload and emotional demands) exhaust employees' mental and physical resources, therefore, lead to burnout; and 2. a motivational process in which job resources (social support of colleagues and chiefs) foster work engagement.
The goal of this research was to test whether and to what extent personality traits contribute to the explanation of state anxiety in athletes. This study relied on a multidimensional construct of ...anxiety which includes somatic and cognitive anxiety and sport self-confidence. Dimensions of anxiety were measured with "Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2"-CSAI-2, and HEXACO basic personality traits were measured with the instrument HEXACO-60. The research sample consisted of 117 athletes, who were engaged in various competitive sports. Results showed the statistically significant correlations between honesty, emotionality, extraversion, and conscientiousness as personality traits on the one hand and cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence on the other. Whereas correlations between agreeableness and openness to experience on the one hand and cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence on the other are not statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis were conducted with the aim of predicting the dimensions of anxiety based on personality traits in athletes. Based on personality traits 37% of variability in cognitive anxiety, 30% of somatic anxiety, and 36% of variability in self-confidence were explained. This study provided a better understanding of the personality traits of athletes that contribute to state of anxiety, coping with challenges and reacting in competitive situations.
The aim of this research is to examine the connection between mental toughness of athletes and their personality traits. The research sample consists of 100 athletes who participate in sports ...competitions. Mental Toughness was measured by Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), HEXACO personality traits by HEXACO-60. The results showed statistically significant positive correlations between honesty on one side and self-confidence (r= 0,31, p<0,01), consistency (r= 0,45, p<0,01), control (r= 0,34, p<0,01) and overall mental toughness (r= 0,46, p<0,01) on other. There were also statistically significant positive correlations between extraversion and self-confidence (r = 0,39, p <0,01), consistency (r = 0,62, p <0,01), control (r = 0,30, p <0,01) and total mental toughness (r = 0,44, p <0,01). Statistically significant positive correlations were also found between conscientiousness and self-confidence (r = 0,30, p <0,01), consistency (r = 0,58, p <0,01), control (r = 0,23, p < 0,01) and total mental toughness (r = 0,52, p <0,01). Statistically significant negative correlations were found between emotionality on one hand and self-confidence (r= -0,37, p<0,01), consistency (r= -0,46, p<0,01), control (r= -0,46, p<0,01) and overall mental strength (r= -0,54, p<0,01) on the other. While correlations of agreeableness and openness to experience on one side and self-confidence, consistency, control, and overall mental toughness on the other were not statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis was performed with the aim of predicting the mental toughness of athletes based on their personality traits. Of the total variability of mental toughness, 34% of variability can be explained based on personality traits of athletes. The results showed that statistically significant predictor of mental toughness was emotionality. Partial contributions of other personality traits were not statistically significant. This study contributes to the understanding of which personality traits of athletes contribute to mental toughness, a coping mechanism when faced with challenges and reacting in competitive situations.
The aim of this research is to examine the connection between mental toughness of athletes and their personality traits. The research sample consists of 100 athletes who participate in sports ...competitions. Mental Toughness was measured by Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), HEXACO personality traits by HEXACO-60. The results showed statistically significant positive correlations between honesty on one side and self-confidence (r= 0,31, p<0,01), consistency (r= 0,45, p<0,01), control (r= 0,34, p<0,01) and overall mental toughness (r= 0,46, p<0,01) on other. There were also statistically significant positive correlations between extroversion and self-confidence (r = 0,39, p <0,01), consistency (r = 0,62, p <0,01), control (r = 0,30, p <0,01) and total mental toughness (r = 0,44, p <0,01). Statistically significant positive correlations were also found between conscientiousness and self-confidence (r = 0,30, p <0,01), consistency (r = 0,58, p <0,01), control (r = 0,23, p < 0,01) and total mental toughness (r = 0,52, p <0,01). Statistically significant negative correlations were found between emotionality on one hand and self-confidence (r= -0,37, p<0,01), consistency (r= -0,46, p<0,01), control (r= -0,46, p<0,01) and overall mental strength (r= -0,54, p<0,01) on the other. While correlations of agreeableness and openness to experience on one side and self-confidence, consistency, control, and overall mental toughness on the other were not statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis was performed with the aim of predicting the mental toughness of athletes based on their personality traits. Of the total variability of mental toughness, 34% of variability can be explained based on personality traits of athletes. The results showed that statistically significant predictor of mental toughness was emotionality. Partial contributions of other personality traits were not statistically significant. This study contributes to the understanding of which personality traits of athletes contribute to mental toughness, a coping mechanism when faced with challenges and reacting in competitive situations.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between elements of the JD-R Model in a sample of teachers from the Republic of Serbia. The sample consisted of 119 teachers who have been ...working in primary and secondary schools. Work overload was measured by the Workload Scale (Shirom et al., 2010), emotional demands and social support of chiefs were examined by appropriate parts of the Questionnaire on the Experience and Assessment of Work (Van Veldhoven & Meijman, 1994), burnout at work was measured using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), engagement was tested by the UWES – Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004). The results showed statistically significant correlations between work overload, on the one hand, and burnout (r = .570, p <0.01), job engagement (r = -. 291, p <0.01), on the other hand. Correlations were also established between emotional demands, on the one hand, and burnout (r = .513, p <0.01), job engagement (r = -. 185, p <0.05), on the other hand. Statistically significant correlations were found between peer support, on the one hand, and burnout (r = -. 253, p <0.01), job engagement (r = .290, p <0.01) on the other hand. Correlations between support of chiefs, on the one hand, and burnout (r = -. 304, p <0.01), job engagement (r = .156, p <0.05) were also established on the other hand. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between burnout and job engagement (r = -. 598, p <0.01). The results confirmed the assumptions of the JD-R model: 1. an energetic process of wearing out in which high job demands (work overload and emotional demands) exhaust employees’ mental and physical resources, therefore, lead to burnout; and 2. a motivational process in which job resources (social support of colleagues and chiefs) foster work engagement.
The research refers to a possible link between the dimensions of partner affective attachment (avoidance and anxiety), operationalized by questionnaire PAV, and the global self-esteem measured by The ...Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Research was conducted on a sample of 120 students of the University of Nis. Results show the statistically significant low negative correlation between global self-esteem and dimension avoidance, and the statistically significant medium negative correlation between global self-esteem and dimension anxiety. The results also show that respondents with secure attachment pattern and dismissing pattern (positive inner working model of self) have a higher degree of global self-esteem than respondents with disorganized pattern and preoccupied pattern (negative inner working model of self). .
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