Under the adverse remodeling of the right ventricle and interventricular septum in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) the left ventricle (LV) dynamics is impaired. Despite the benefits of combined ...aerobic and resistance physical trainings to individuals with PAH, its impact on the LV is not fully understood.
To test whether moderate-intensity combined physical training performed during the development of PAH induced by MCT in rats is beneficial to the LV's structure and function.
Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Sedentary Hypertensive Survival (SHS, n = 7); and Exercise Hypertensive Survival (EHS, n = 7) to test survival. To investigate the effects of combined physical training, another group of rats were divided into three groups: Sedentary Control (SC, n = 7); Sedentary Hypertensive (SH, n = 7); and Exercise Hypertensive (EH, n = 7). PAH was induced through an intraperitoneal injection of MCT (60 mg/kg). Echocardiographic evaluations were conducted on the 22nd day after MCT administration. Animals in the EHS and EH groups participated in a combined physical training program, alternating aerobic (treadmill running: 50 min, 60% maximum running speed) and resistance (ladder climbing: 15 climbs with 1 min interval, 60% maximum carrying load) exercises, one session/day, 5 days/week for approximately 4 weeks.
The physical training increased survival and tolerance to aerobic (i.e., maximum running speed) and resistance (i.e., maximum carrying load) exertions and prevented reductions in ejection fraction and fractional shortening. In addition, the physical training mitigated oxidative stress (i.e., CAT, SOD and MDA) and inhibited adverse LV remodeling (i.e., Collagen, extracellular matrix, and cell dimensions). Moreover, the physical training preserved the amplitude and velocity of contraction and hindered the reductions in the amplitude and velocity of the intracellular Ca
transient in LV single myocytes.
Moderate-intensity combined physical training performed during the development of MCT-induced PAH in rats protects their LV from damages to its structure and function and hence increases their tolerance to physical exertion and prolongs their survival.
BACKGROUNDThe right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation observed in pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) damages the left ventricle (LV) dynamics by flattening the interventricular septum. ...OBJECTIVETo investigate whether low- to moderate-intensity resistance exercise training (RT) is beneficial to LV and cardiomyocyte contractile functions in rats during the development of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. METHODSMale Wistar rats (Body weight: ~ 200 g) were used. To assess the time to potential heart failure onset (i.e., end point), rats were divided into sedentary hypertension until failure (SHF, n=6) and exercise hypertension until failure (EHF, n=6) groups. To test RT effects, rats were divided into sedentary control (SC, n = 7), sedentary hypertension (SH, n=7), and exercise hypertension (EH, n=7) groups. PAH was induced by two MCT injections (20 mg/kg, with 7 days interval). Exercise groups were submitted to an RT protocol (Ladder climbing; 55-65% of carrying maximal load), 5 times/week. Statistical significance was assumed at P < 0.05. RESULTSRT prolonged the end point (~25 %), enhanced the physical effort tolerance (~ 55%), and mitigated the LV and cardiomyocyte contractility dysfunctions promoted by MCT by preserving the ejection fraction and fractional shortening, the amplitude of shortening, and the velocities of contraction and relaxation in cardiomyocytes. RT also prevented increases in left ventricle fibrosis and type I collagen caused by MCT, and maintained the type III collagen and myocyte dimensions reduced by MCT. CONCLUSIONLow- to moderate-intensity RT benefits LV and cardiomyocyte contractile functions in rats during the development of MCT-induced PAH.
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•A new terephthalic acid-based magnetic MIP was firstly synthesized.•Enantioseparation of atenolol was improved using CM-β-CD as chiral selector.•A simple MSPE was developed to ...extract ATL enantiomers from human plasma samples.•The method was successfully applied in plasma samples from volunteer patients.
A new magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) was firstly synthesized using terephthalic acid as a functional monomer to extract atenolol (ATL) from human plasma by magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE). ATL enantiomers separation was performed by capillary electrophoresis using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD: 5.5 mg) as chiral selector in background electrolyte with 125 mmol L−1 triethylamine pH 6.0 using a capillary with 75 µm of internal diameter. After MSPE optimization, the best conditions were: 500 µL of ultrapure water as washing solvent, 1000 µL of methanol as eluting solvent, 25 mg of MMIP, and 250 µL of sample (human plasma at pH 12.5). Recoveries/relative standard deviation percentage were 75.8 ± 6.3% and 76.1 ± 5.7% for (-)-(S)-ATL and (+)-(R)-ATL, respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range from 5.0 to 1500.0 ng mL−1, with coefficients of correlation larger than 0.99 for both enantiomers. The method was successfully applied in plasma samples from volunteers under continuous use of ATL racemate. Finally, MMIP imprinting test confirmed that the material was selective for ATL, with low recoveries for other drugs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Resumo Fundamento A hipertrofia e a dilatação do ventrículo direito observadas na hipertensão arterial pulmonar (HAP) prejudicam a dinâmica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) achatando o septo ...interventricular. Objetivo Investigar se o treinamento físico resistido (TFR) de intensidade baixa a moderada é benéfico para funções contráteis do VE e de cardiomiócitos em ratos durante o desenvolvimento de HAP induzida por monocrotalina (MCT). Métodos Foram usados ratos Wistar machos (Peso corporal: ~ 200 g). Para avaliar o tempo até o possível surgimento de insuficiência cardíaca (ou seja, ponto de desfecho), os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos, hipertensão com sedentarismo até a insuficiência (HSI, n=6) e hipertensão com treinamento até a insuficiência (HTI, n=6). Para testar os efeitos do TFR, os ratos foram divididos entre grupos de controle sedentários (CS, n=7), hipertensão com sedentarismo (HS, n=7) e hipertensão com treinamento (HT, n=7). A HAP foi induzida por duas injeções de MCT (20 mg/kg, com um intervalo de 7 dias). Os grupos com treinamento foram submetidos a um protocolo de TFR (subir escadas; 55-65% da máxima carga carregada), 5 dias por semana. A significância estatística foi definida em p <0,05. Resultados O TFR prolongou o ponto de desfecho (~25%), melhorou a tolerância ao esforço físico (~55%) e atenuou as disfunções de contratilidade de VE e de cardiomiócitos promovidas pela MCT preservando a fração de ejeção e o encurtamento fracional, a amplitude do encurtamento, e as velocidades de contração e relaxamento nos cardiomiócitos. O TFR também preveniu os aumentos de fibrose e colágeno tipo I no ventrículo esquerdo causados pela MCT, além de manter as dimensões de miócitos e colágeno tipo III reduzidas por MCT. Conclusão O TFR de intensidade baixa a moderada é benéfico para funções contráteis de VE e cardiomiócitos em ratos durante o desenvolvimento de HAP induzida por MCT.
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Double imprinting process is fundamental to improvements in the adsorptive capacity of the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP), but the effect of the surfactant type on adsorptive ...properties of the double-imprinted polymers are poorly understood. Thus, MIP to potassium diclofenac (PD) were developed and evaluated for their adsorbent properties. Polymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TGA) and textural properties. Kinetic studies performed at pH 6 showed the best fit (R² = 0.999) using a pseudo-second-order model. Adsorptive capacities toward PD of polymer using benzalkonium chloride (BC), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100 (TT-X-100) were found to be 1.82 mg g−1, 1.12 mg g−1 and 0.51 mg g−1, respectively. MIP presented adsorptive capacity of 0.42 mg g−1, while for no template (NIP) 0.35 mg g−1. Equilibrium adsorption data were best fitted with Freundlich isotherm for MIP-SDS, single-site Langmuir-Freundlich for MIP and dual-site for MIP-BC, MIP-TT-X-100 and NIP. Selectivity study proved that all the polymers had better binding capacity towards PD, with good selectivity and affinity over other drugs. This study showed that the addition of surfactant influenced the adsorbent properties of the material, being the MIP-BC the polymer with larger pore size, enhancing consequently the mass transfer of the DP toward the sorbent sites, so it presented better adsorption capacity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Introducao: Praticar exercicios tem se tornado cada vez mais desafiador devido as constantes ondas de calor. Nesse cenario, o uso de tecnologias, como as vestimentas esportivas, pode auxiliar os ...praticantes a melhorar o desempenho e evitar enfermidades pelo calor, como o choque hipertermico. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do uso de uma camisa com protecao ultravioleta (UV) sobre a termorregulacao o desempenho de corrida em um ambiente quente e com radiacao solar. Materiais e Metodos: Nove homens (28,0+ or -6,8 anos) realizaram duas sessoes de exercicio autorregulado (10km) em ambiente quente com radiacao solar (32degreesC), usando camisas da cor preta sem (SUV) e com (CUV) UV. As principais variaveis analisadas foram as temperaturas interna (T.sub.gastrointestinal), corporal (T.sub.corporal) e da pele (T.sub.pele), a taxa de acumulo de calor (TAC), a taxa de trabalho realizado (TTR), a frequencia cardiaca (FC), a percepcao subjetiva do esforco (PSE), o conforto termico (CT) e a sensacao termica (ST). Resultados: Nao foram observadas diferencas na T.sub.gastrointestinal, na T.sub.pele, na T.sub.corporal, na TAC, na TTR, na FC, na PSE, no CT e na ST entre os grupos SUV e CUV (p>0,05), havendo aumentos em relacao ao repouso a partir de 1km (p<0,05), com excecao do CT e da ST que aumentaram a partir de 3km (p<0,05). Em relacao a TTR, ocorreram reducoes significativas e semelhantes entre as sessoes em relacao ao inicio do exercicio a partir de 4km. Conclusoes: O uso de uma camisa com protecao UV durante o exercicio fisico nao favoreceu a termorregulacao e o desempenho dos corredores. Palavras-chave: Vestimenta. Aquecimento global. Ondas de calor. Hipertermia. Atividade Fisica. Does the use of a UV shirt during physical exercise in the heat improves thermoregulation and physical performance in runners? Introduction: Exercising has become increasingly challenging due to constant heat waves. In this scenario, the use of technologies, such as sportswear, can help practitioners to improve their performance and avoid heat illness, such as heat stroke. Objective: To evaluate the effects of wearing a shirt with ultraviolet (UV) protection on thermoregulation and running performance in a hot environment with solar radiation. Materials and Methods: Nine men (28.0+ or -6.8 years) performed two sessions of self-regulated exercise (10km) within a hot environment with solar radiation (32degreesC), using black shirt without (SUV) or with (CUV) UV. Main variables analyzed were internal temperature (T.sub.gastrointestinal), body temperature (T.sub.body), skin temperature (T.sub.skin), heat storage rate (HSR), work performance rate (WPR), heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal comfort (TC), and thermal sensation (TS). Results: There were no differences between SUV and CUV groups in T.sub.gastrointestinal, T.sub.skin, T.sub.body, HSR, WPR, HR, RPE, TC, and TS (p>0.05). However, it was observed an increase in T.sub.gastrointestinal, T.sub.skin, T.sub.body, HSR, WPR, HR, and RPE, after 1km in relation to baseline (p<0.05). Besides, TC and ST increased after 3km in relation to baseline (p<0.05). Regarding WPR, there were significant and similar reductions between sessions in relation to the beginning of the exercise from 4km onwards. Conclusions: The use of a shirt with UV protection during physical exercise did not improve thermoregulation and the performance of runners. Key words: Clothing. Global Warming. Heat Wave. Hyperthermia. Physical Activity.
We tested the effects of low- to moderate-intensity resistance exercise training (RT) on the structure and function of pulmonary, right ventricle (RV), and skeletal muscle tissues in rats with stable ...pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH).
After the first monocrotaline (MCT; 20 mg/kg) injection, male rats were submitted to a RT program (Ladder climbing; 55–65 % intensity), 5 times/week. Seven days later rats received the second MCT dose. Physical effort tolerance test and echocardiographic examination were performed. After euthanasia, lung, heart, and biceps brachii were processed for histological, single myocyte, and biochemical analysis.
RT improved survival and physical effort tolerance (i.e., maximum carrying load), mitigated the pulmonary artery resistance increase (i.e., TA/TE), and preserved cardiac function (i.e., fractional shortening, ejection fraction, stroke volume and TAPSE). RT counteracted oxidative stress (i.e., CAT, SOD, GST, MDA and NO) and adverse remodeling in lung (i.e., collapsed alveoli) and in biceps brachii (i.e., atrophy and total collagen) tissues. RT delayed RV adverse remodeling (i.e., hypertrophy, extracellular matrix, collagen types I and III, and fibrosis) and impairments in single RV myocyte contractility (i.e., amplitude and velocity to peak and relaxation). RT improved the expression of gene (i.e., miRNA 214) and intracellular Ca2+ cycling regulatory proteins (i.e., PLBser16); and of pathological (i.e., α/β-MHC and Foxo3) and physiological (i.e., Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, p-mTOR, and Bcl-xL) hypertrophy pathways markers in RV tissue.
Low- to moderate-intensity RT benefits the structure and function of pulmonary, RV, and skeletal muscle tissues in rats with stable pulmonary artery hypertension.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Peanut cultivation has been used as a rotation crop in sugarcane renewal areas in São Paulo, state, Brazil. This practice guarantees agronomic and economic benefits to the region in a way ...complementary to the sugarcane crop. Small- and medium-sized rural producers have specialized in the cultivation of peanuts in the
of renewal sugarcane areas, with production mainly occurring via a lease contract system. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the economic viability of commercial and productive operations associated with the peanut cultivation in leased areas. From a delimitated production profile modal, it was possible to analyze economic viability by triangulating secondary and primary information for peanut cultivation in Jaboticabal, the city of greatest production of this oil-giving seed in Brazil. Using Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Return on Investment and Point of Equilibrium techniques, it was possible to show that the peanut crop is operationally feasible. However, financial and economic viability only occurred when leases cost equal or less
than 50 sacks per hectare and when the producer was able to work with an area equal to or greater than 91 hectares (the break-even point). These results bring new economic information, supplementing that already in literature and provides data necessary for the rural producer to plan of production and size of investment.
Resumo Fundamento A hipertrofia e a dilatação do ventrículo direito observadas na hipertensão arterial pulmonar (HAP) prejudicam a dinâmica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) achatando o septo ...interventricular. Objetivo Investigar se o treinamento físico resistido (TFR) de intensidade baixa a moderada é benéfico para funções contráteis do VE e de cardiomiócitos em ratos durante o desenvolvimento de HAP induzida por monocrotalina (MCT). Métodos Foram usados ratos Wistar machos (Peso corporal: ~ 200 g). Para avaliar o tempo até o possível surgimento de insuficiência cardíaca (ou seja, ponto de desfecho), os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos, hipertensão com sedentarismo até a insuficiência (HSI, n=6) e hipertensão com treinamento até a insuficiência (HTI, n=6). Para testar os efeitos do TFR, os ratos foram divididos entre grupos de controle sedentários (CS, n=7), hipertensão com sedentarismo (HS, n=7) e hipertensão com treinamento (HT, n=7). A HAP foi induzida por duas injeções de MCT (20 mg/kg, com um intervalo de 7 dias). Os grupos com treinamento foram submetidos a um protocolo de TFR (subir escadas; 55-65% da máxima carga carregada), 5 dias por semana. A significância estatística foi definida em p <0,05. Resultados O TFR prolongou o ponto de desfecho (~25%), melhorou a tolerância ao esforço físico (~55%) e atenuou as disfunções de contratilidade de VE e de cardiomiócitos promovidas pela MCT preservando a fração de ejeção e o encurtamento fracional, a amplitude do encurtamento, e as velocidades de contração e relaxamento nos cardiomiócitos. O TFR também preveniu os aumentos de fibrose e colágeno tipo I no ventrículo esquerdo causados pela MCT, além de manter as dimensões de miócitos e colágeno tipo III reduzidas por MCT. Conclusão O TFR de intensidade baixa a moderada é benéfico para funções contráteis de VE e cardiomiócitos em ratos durante o desenvolvimento de HAP induzida por MCT.
A cultura da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil é uma das mais intensivas tecnologicamente em todas as etapas de produção (sementes e insumos, sistema de plantio e manejo, colheita e distribuição), esta ...característica contribui à liderança competitiva desta cultura no cenário internacional. Por outro lado, o imperativo tecnológico requerido exige que os produtores rurais realizem elevados investimentos em máquinas e equipamentos ou tenham profícua estrutura de contratos de serviços especializados para que sua produção alcance igualmente produtividade e custos competitivos. Diante deste contexto, este estudo analisa a viabilidade econômica de três diferentes pacotes tecnológicos empregados em três perfis de propriedade (75, 360 e 600 ha) na região de Jaboticabal-SP; estes perfis representam mais 90% dos produtores canavieiros do país que somam mais 18 mil propriedades rurais. O procedimento metodológico utilizado foi o estudo de caso múltiplos, com 3 casos, cujos dados foram explorados por meio de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa que convergiram para a análise através do Fluxo de Caixa Descontado combinado com Análise Custo-Volume-Lucro. Os resultados reportam que a produção de cana-de-açúcar apresenta viabilidade econômica para os três perfis tratados, desde que exista mais de 51 ha de área para plantio e as técnicas de manejo sejam trabalhadas adequadamente. O nível de rentabilidade é restrito o que exige um planejamento técnico e financeiro detalhado para cada ciclo de produção. A escala é importante para a viabilidade, pois o ponto de equilíbrio é alcançado com maior folga em propriedades com maiores áreas de produção, ainda que estas demandem maiores níveis de investimento.
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