Coffee is an important commercial product to Brazil with its consumption distributed globally. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of yeast strains as starter cultures for dry ...fermentation of washed and non-washed coffee beans. Four yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFLA YCN727, S. cerevisiae UFLA YCN724, Candida parapsilosis UFLA YCN448 and Pichia guilliermondii UFLA YCN731) were inoculated separately in washed and non washed coffee cherries and in the control was not added any of the starter cultures. The fruits inoculated were spread on trays and placed on a terrace until the coffee beans reached 11% of moisture. Samples were collected for evaluation of the persistence of the inoculum by PCR-DGGE, and for chemical composition by HPLC and GC-FID. Sensory analysis was performed using the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) methodology. In all tests the yeasts persisted until the end of fermentation. There was no propionic and butyric acid production in concentrations that could compromise the final quality of the beverage. Forty-eight volatile compounds were identified, some were similar for green and roasted coffee. The most abundant class of compounds was alcohols (11–27%) followed by furan in roasted grains (~27%), and aldehydes (~13%) in green grains. The coffee inoculated with yeast showed sensations of flavors higher than the control coffee indicating increased sensory quality. The treatment with C. parapsilosis UFLA YCN448 showed dominance rate higher (near 1) for the sensation of caramel. In non-washed coffee those sensations were not pleasant in relation to the washed coffee, except when P. guilliermondii UFLA YCN731 was inoculated, suggesting that washing the fruit before the fermentation process positively influenced the final product quality. A coffee with special aroma of caramel, herbs and fruits could be produced using the starter cultures C. parapsilosis UFLA YCN448 and S. cerevisiae UFLA YCN727 in coffee processed by the dry method.
•Yeast starters during fermentation improved coffee quality.•Coffee with special aroma was produced using C. parapsilosis and S. cerevisiae.•Alcohols, furan and aldehydes were the main compounds found in coffee grains.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Arboviruses are a group of diseases that are transmitted by an arthropod vector. Since they are part of the Neglected Tropical Diseases that pose several public health challenges for countries around ...the world. The arboviruses' dynamics are governed by a combination of climatic, environmental, and human mobility factors. Arboviruses prediction models can be a support tool for decision-making by public health agents. In this study, we propose a systematic literature review to identify arboviruses prediction models, as well as models for their transmitter vector dynamics. To carry out this review, we searched reputable scientific bases such as IEE Xplore, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Scopus. We search for studies published between the years 2015 and 2020, using a search string. A total of 429 articles were returned, however, after filtering by exclusion and inclusion criteria, 139 were included. Through this systematic review, it was possible to identify the challenges present in the construction of arboviruses prediction models, as well as the existing gap in the construction of spatiotemporal models.
Periodically, humanity is often faced with new and emerging viruses that can be a significant global threat. It has already been over a century post-the Spanish Flu pandemic, and we are witnessing a ...new type of coronavirus, the SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for Covid-19. It emerged from the city of Wuhan (China) in December 2019, and within a few months, the virus propagated itself globally now resulting more than 50 million cases with over 1 million deaths. The high infection rates coupled with dynamic population movement demands for tools, especially within a Brazilian context, that will support health managers to develop policies for controlling and combating the new virus.
In this work, we propose a tool for real-time spatio-temporal analysis using a machine learning approach. The COVID-SGIS system brings together routinely collected health data on Covid-19 distributed across public health systems in Brazil, as well as taking to under consideration the geographic and time-dependent features of Covid-19 so as to make spatio-temporal predictions. The data are sub-divided by federative unit and municipality. In our case study, we made spatio-temporal predictions of the distribution of cases and deaths in Brazil and in each federative unit. Four regression methods were investigated: linear regression, support vector machines (polynomial kernels and RBF), multilayer perceptrons, and random forests. We use the percentage RMSE and the correlation coefficient as quality metrics.
For qualitative evaluation, we made spatio-temporal predictions for the period from 25 to 27 May 2020. Considering qualitatively and quantitatively the case of the State of Pernambuco and Brazil as a whole, linear regression presented the best prediction results (thematic maps with good data distribution, correlation coefficient >0.99 and RMSE (%) <4% for Pernambuco and around 5% for Brazil) with low training time: 0.00; 0.04 ms, CI 95%.
Spatio-temporal analysis provided a broader assessment of those in the regions where the accumulated confirmed cases of Covid-19 were concentrated. It was possible to differentiate in the thematic maps the regions with the highest concentration of cases from the regions with low concentration and regions in the transition range. This approach is fundamental to support health managers and epidemiologists to elaborate policies and plans to control the Covid-19 pandemics.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of yeasts as starter cultures in coffee semi-dry processing. Arabica coffee was inoculated with one of the following starter cultures: Saccharomyces ...cerevisiae UFLA YCN727, S. cerevisiae UFLA YCN724, Candida parapsilosis UFLA YCN448 and Pichia guilliermondii UFLA YCN731. The control was not inoculated with a starter culture. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to assess the microbial population, and organic acids and volatile compounds were quantified by HPLC and HS-SPME/GC, respectively. Sensory analyses were evaluated using the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS). DGGE analysis showed that the inoculated yeasts were present throughout the fermentation. Other yeast species were also detected, including Debaryomyces hansenii, Cystofilobasidium ferigula and Trichosporon cavernicola. The bacterial population was diverse and was composed of the following genera: Weissella, Leuconostoc, Gluconobacter, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Erwinia and Klebsiella. Butyric and propionic acids, were not detected in any treatment A total of 47 different volatiles compounds have been identified. The coffee inoculated with yeast had a caramel flavor that was not detected in the control, as assessed by TDS. The use of starter cultures during coffee fermentation is an interesting alternative for obtaining a beverage quality with distinctive flavor.
•Yeasts starters produced caramel and fruity flavor in coffee.•Saccharomyces cerevisiae gave better results to semi dry process.•Alcohols and aldehydes were the main compounds found in coffee grains.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Most of the food consumed in Brazilian cities, as in other big urban spaces, is produced by family farming. The economic sustainability of these family communities depends on the range of primary ...health care. The rational use of medicinal plants is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an important element of healing practices and nutrition education. Mobile health applications can contribute to both the rational use of medicinal plants and herbal medicines as to the health sustainability of family farming communities, improving the quality of primary health care in ethnic and traditional communities and the preservation of popular knowledge. This paper proposes a methodology for the development of applications for mobile devices geared to popular health education based on participatory human-computer interface design and popular education, taking into account to improve the quality of basic health care by aiding communitary health agents and popular communities at health education for the rational use of medicinal plants. As a case study we developed a basic architecture and a prototype based on Android, from the results of participatory workshops in a rural area of the North Forest in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The participatory workshops were designed to promote the proposed methodology of combining participatory design and popular education.
Purpose
Dengue is considered one of the biggest public health problems in recent decades. Climate and demographic changes, the disorderly growth of cities and international trade have brought new ...arboviruses such as chikungunya and Zika. Control of arboviruses depends on control of the vector: the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
Objective
In this work, we propose a methodology for building disease predictors capable of predicting infected cases and locations based on machine learning. We also propose an artificial experts committee based on meta-heuristic methods to detect the most relevant risk factors. Method
As a case study, we applied the methodology to forecast dengue, chikungunya and Zika, with data from the City of Recife, Brazil, from 2013 to 2016. We used arboviruses cases data and climatic and environmental information: wind speeds, temperatures and precipitation. Results
The best prediction results were obtained with 10-tree Random Forest regression, with Pearson’s correlation above 0.99 and RMSE (%) below 6%. Additionally, the artificial experts committee was able to present the most relevant factors for predicting cases in each two-month period.
Conclusion
The spatiotemporal prediction results showed the evolution of arboviruses, pointing out as major focuses on both regions richer in urban green areas and low-income neighborhood with irregular water supply. Determining the most relevant factors for prediction, as well as the spatial distribution of cases, can be useful for the planning and execution of public policies aimed at improving the health infrastructure and planning and controlling the vector.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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Previous issue date: 2016-07-14
O jogo e o ato de brincar assumem papel fundamental no desenvolvimento humano, estando presentes em todas as culturas e civilizações. Ao jogo podem estar associados aspectos lúdicos diversos que por si só são capazes de engajar os jogadores a superar obstáculos e atingir objetivos. Para Paulo Freire, a relação entre educadores e educandos deve se dar em interação constante e transformadora, onde o educador é desafiado a reconstruir criativamente o conhecimento a partir da interação com os educandos, respeitando seu conhecimento prévio, sua história e contexto social e cultural, usando como mediação o afeto, que por sua vez pode se expressar na forma de atividades lúdicas e de jogos. O design participativo é um conjunto de metodologias pelas quais os potenciais usuários são envolvidos na construção da solução, participando de determinadas etapas do projeto, da concepção à validação participativa, podendo também participar do desenvolvimento em si. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral demonstrar que o processo de design participativo pode ser combinado às dinâmicas participativas da Educação Popular, para construir uma metodologia de construção de jogos sérios para aplicações em educação em saúde. Como estudo de caso, foi abordado o tema da educação alimentar e nutricional, a partir do jogo sério “Comer Legal: Uma aventura nutricional”, desenvolvido neste trabalho. Para a primeira versão, foram utilizadas observações e anotações de oficinas participativas realizadas no Assentamento Nova Canaã, no município de Tracunhaém, Zona da Mata Norte de Pernambuco, e o diagnóstico da situação de saúde alimentar e nutricional. Também foi construído um diagnóstico da situação de saúde alimentar e nutricional da cidade de Bissau, capital da Guiné-Bissau, a partir de entrevistas com agentes de Estado e da sociedade civil organizada. O jogo foi modificado, ajustado e validado de forma participativa junto a um grupo de nove nutricionistas e com 177 alunos do ensino fundamental de duas escolas dos municípios de Carpina e Paudalho, Zona da Mata Norte de Pernambuco. Os resultados evidenciaram que o jogo sério desenvolvido foi considerado tanto divertido quanto efetivo do ponto de vista pedagógico, tendo ajudado os alunos a identificar alimentos saudáveis e classificá-los entre energéticos, reguladores e construtores.
The game and the act of playing play a key role in human development, being present in all cultures and civilizations. Games may be associated with various play activities that are themselves able to engage players to overcome obstacles and achieve goals. For Paulo Freire, the relationship between teachers and students should give constantly and transforming interaction, where teachers are challenged to creatively rebuild knowledge from the interaction with the students, considering their prior knowledge, history, and social and cultural context, mediated by affection, which in turn can be expressed in the form of fun activities and games. Participatory design is a set of methodologies by which potential users are involved in the construction of the solution, taking part in certain stages of the project, from design to participatory validation, and can also participate in the development stage. This work has as main objective to demonstrate that participatory design process can be combined to participatory popular education dynamics, in order to build a methodology to construct serious games and software applications in health education. As a case study, we developed the serious game “Comer Legal: A nutritional adventure”, in order to pedagogically work the theme of food and nutrition education. For the first version, observations and notes were taken from the participatory workshops developed in the Settling Nova Canaã, located in the municipality of Tracunhaém, North Forest Zone of Pernambuco. The diagnosis of food and nutritional health status was also obtained. A diagnosis of the situation of food and nutritional health of the city of Bissau, capital of Guinea-Bissau, was also constructed, using information obtained from interviews and questionnaires applied to state and civil society representatives. The serious game has been modified, adjusted and validated in a participatory manner with a group of nine nutrition professionals from Recife, and 177 elementary school students from two schools located in Carpina and Paudalho, North Forest Zone of Pernambuco. The results showed that the developed serious game was considered both fun and pedagogically effective, helping students to identify healthy foods and classify them into energetics, regulators, and constructors.
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