The occurrence of insect pest attacks in soybean fields has worried farmers around the world. Early and automatic diagnosis of insect pests number could assess the infestation level of each ...plantation area to optimize the applications of pesticides in the crop and, consequently, reduce production costs and environmental impact. Recent research on insect count has adopted deep neural networks. However, researches have employed models trained to count only one species of insect, using images captured in a controlled environment, quite different from a real scenario. In order to obtain high accuracy, we evaluated three models of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with three different training strategies: 100% fine-tuning with the weights obtained from ImageNet, a complete network with the weights initialized randomly and transfer learning with the weights obtained from ImageNet. Data augmentation and dropout were used during network training to reduce overfitting and increase generalization of the model. Our approach consists in segmenting an image from the plantation with the simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) method and classifying each superpixel segment into a pest insect class using the CNN-trained classification model. The pest insect count is obtained by adding the insects of each superpixel class identified by our computer vision system. The results indicate that the deep-learning models can be used successfully to support specialists and farmers in the insect pest management in soybean fields.
The etiology of facial fractures is directly related to the studied country, varying according to the socioeconomic, cultural condition of the population, besides the period of investigation. The ...objective of the present study is to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of the prevalence, treatment modalities and complications rates of maxillofacial fractures in a hospital in the state of Espírito Santo, over a period of 5 years. A total of 428 patients presented a facial fracture, with a prevalence of males (436), with a mean age of 40 years. Regarding the number of fractures, 291 individuals suffered fractures only in the fixed skeleton, 97 only in the mandible, and 48 suffered fractures in both fixed and mandibular skeletons. The predominant anatomical site in fixed skeletal fractures was zygomatic complex (56.6 %), orbit (31.9 %) and nose (29.2 %); while in the mandible the condyle (33.8 %), body (17.9 %) and angle (13.1 %). The frequent etiology was falls, physical aggression, sports accidents. Regarding the type of treatment, in fixed skeleton 192 fractures were treated conservatively and 303 by surgery. Already in the mandible, the numbers were 43 and 143, respectively. In addition, 24 patients progressed with some type of complication in one or more operated sites. It is worth mentioning that epidemiological assessments provide important support in the creation of legislation in the attempt to reduce important for the establishment of clinical and research priorities, since risk factors and patterns of presentation can be identified. Accordingly in an attempt to reduce these rates.
In this study, nanosecond-scale dynamics of low-hydrated myoglobin (Mb) encapsulated in mesoporous silica (MPS) with 7.8 nm pores was investigated by using high resolution (energy resolution: 1 μeV) ...neutron backscattering spectroscopy. The apparent hydration level of the encapsulated myoglobin was 0.06, which was deduced by assuming a uniform distribution of water within myoglobin encapsulated mesoporous silica. The mean square displacement of myoglobin derived from an elastic fixed-window scan was essentially proportional to temperature in the range 120–300 K, indicating the absence of dynamical transition induced by the onset of translational diffusion in the hydration D2O. Since the width of quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) peaks of the encapsulated Mb was Q-independent at 220, 240, and 265 K, the observed nanosecond-scale dynamics was attributed to internal motions of the encapsulated Mb, such as slow motions of amino acid groups or side chains. The fraction of immobile H-atoms in Mb was estimated to be above 0.8, which was larger than that for a free protein with a similar molecular weight to Mb. The large immobile fraction indicates that the nanosecond-scale motions of amino acid residues and side chains in the vicinity of the pore wall are restricted by the interfacial interactions with the rigid pore wall.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
34.
Structure of Metallo-Supramolecular Micellar Gels Mugemana, Clément; Joset, Arnaud; Guillet, Pierre ...
Macromolecular chemistry and physics,
August 12, 2013, Volume:
214, Issue:
15
Journal Article, Web Resource
Peer reviewed
Open access
A small‐angle neutron scattering investigation of metallo‐supramolecular micellar gels built from polystyrene‐block‐poly(tert‐butylacrylate) PS‐b‐PtBA‐tpy (‐tpy: terpyridine) block copolymers and ...transition metal ions is presented. The influence of the copolymer concentration on the structure and spatial organization of the micelles, as well as the impact of the subsequent addition of metal ions (Fe(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II)) on these characteristics is extensively studied. The experimental scattering cross‐sections are fitted with an analytical formula based on the Percus–Yevick hard‐sphere model and on the Pedersen–Gerstenberg model for the structure and the form factor, respectively. The resulting structural information is correlated with previously performed light scattering and rheology experiments.
A small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) investigation of metallo‐supramolecular micellar gels built from polystyrene‐block‐poly(tert‐butylacrylate) block copolymers bearing terpyridine end‐groups and transition metal ions is presented.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The segmental dynamics of complex coacervates were investigated as a function of salt concentration and a charge type using quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). The coacervates were prepared by ...mixing two oppositely charged polyether-based polyelectrolyte solutions functionalized for cationic ammonium and guanidinium groups or anionic sulfonate groups. For the QENS time scale, the intrinsic ion pairs were considered effective cross-links, and therefore the dynamics of chain segments between the intrinsic junctions were probed. We observed that as salt concentration increases, both the number of mobile chain segments and their segmental dynamics increase for ammonium-based coacervates where the electrostatic interaction primarily governs the phase behavior. However, the guanidinium-based coacervates show slow and nearly identical segmental relaxation independent of the salt concentration, which is potentially attributed to the non-electrostatic interactions. The combination of the chemical structure of ionic moieties, salt concentration, and temperature plays a significant role to determine polymer chain dynamics mainly affected by the strength of ionic bonding.
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•Local dynamics of complex coacervates are probed by quasi-elastic neutron scattering.•Effect of salt concentration, temperature, and charge group were examined.•Segmental diffusion and number of mobile sites increase with addition of salt.•Combined effects of salt, water and temperature determine local segmental dynamics.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão integrativa da literatura acerca dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos que promovem distúrbios neurológicos na COVID-19, em especial anosmia e disgeusia. Metodologia: Uma ...revisão integrativa foi realizada a partir de uma busca nas bases de dados Pubmed e Scopus utilizando os descritores “Dysgeusia”, “Olfaction Disorders” e “Coronavirus Infections”, integrados pelo operador booleano “AND”. Além disso, efetuou-se uma busca manual nas referências de estudos relevantes. Resultados: Analisou-se um total de 41 artigos na íntegra, dos quais 20 foram incluídos no trabalho. Percebeu-se hipóteses de associação de anosmia e disgeusia com lesão direta ao neuroepitélio olfatório e na mucosa oral, vias neurotrópicas de danos ao sistema nervoso central, processos inflamatórios neurogênicos e prejuízos na atividade de neurotransmissores envolvidos na transdução do paladar. Conclusão: Distúrbios no paladar e no olfato são sintomas que devem ser considerados relevantes na patogênese da COVID-19 e ainda demandam estudos subsequentes, visto a importância dos diferentes mecanismos e vias fisiopatológicas.
Palavras-chave: Coronavírus. Disgeusia. Anosmia. Neurologia.
Os rios neotropicais sofrem os efeitos das ações humanas. Medidas conservacionistas, pela escassez de estudos na região e do conhecimento límnico, baseiam-se em dados referentes a outras regiões, ...sendo muitas vezes ineficazes pela inobservância das diferenças nas respostas das comunidades aquáticas às variáveis ambientais em escalas distintas. Este estudo teve como objetivos: conhecer a riqueza de insetos aquáticos em uma bacia neotropical; verificar qual a influência das variáveis ambientais na distribuição das famílias de insetos aquáticos em quatro tributários dessa bacia e observar se o padrão de distribuição das famílias de insetos aquáticos varia entre as ordens dos rios ou entre microbacias, de acordo com a influência de variáveis ambientais e espaciais. Foi encontrado um total de 9.135 indivíduos distribuídos em 26 famílias de macroinvertebrados. A estrutura das comunidades foi distinta entre as microbacias. As famílias de insetos aquáticos foram influenciadas pelas variáveis ambientais e espaciais diferentes em cada microbacia.
The electrocaloric effect demands the maximized degree of freedom (DOF) of polar domains and the lowest energy barrier to facilitate the transition of polarization. However, optimization of the DOF ...and energy barrier—including domain size, crystallinity, multiconformation coexistence, polar correlation, and other factors in bulk ferroelectrics—has reached a limit. We used organic crystal dimethylhexynediol (DMHD) as a three-dimensional sacrificial master to assemble polar conformations at the heterogeneous interface in poly(vinylidene fluoride)–based terpolymer. DMHD was evaporated, and the epitaxy-like process induced an ultrafinely distributed, multiconformation-coexisting polar interface exhibiting a giant conformational entropy. Under a low electric field, the interface-augmented terpolymer had a high entropy change of 100 J/(kg·K). This interface polarization strategy is generally applicable to dielectric capacitors, supercapacitors, and other related applications.
Editor’s summary
Electrocaloric materials can pump heat in response to a changing electric field, which makes them useful in solid-state cooling applications. Zheng
et al
. discovered that a very large electrocaloric effect emerges in a terpolymer when pores are introduced with a sacrificial organic crystal with a low boiling temperature. The polymer interface around the pores has a large fraction of polarizable material, which gives rise to the large electrocaloric effect. The authors show that this porous material is stable after cycling it through an electric field 3 million times. —Brent Grocholski
Using a sacrificial material to generate pores in a ferroelectric polymer generates a large electrocaloric effect
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