Carotenoids from Bactris gasipaes fruits were extracted with an ultrasound-assisted approach using sunflower oil, which was used to develop an oil-in-water (O/W) food emulsion similar to commercial ...mayonnaise with a lower lipid content. The qualitative carotenoid profile of the O/W emulsion was similar to that of lyophilized fruit. Using an in vitro digestion model adapted from the INFOGEST protocol, the results show that the O/W food emulsion had approximately 11-fold more bioaccessible carotenoids than the lyophilized fruit. In addition, the food model developed in this study had high sensory acceptance in all the evaluated attributes (acceptability scores for colour, aroma, taste, texture and overall acceptance of approximately 8.0 on a 9-point hedonic scale), as well as excellent thermal and gravitational stability (evaluated during 72 days of storage) and antioxidant activity (4.80 α-tocopherol relative). The present work presents a successful alternative for carotenoid incorporation into new foodstuffs, representing an excellent model for the design of functional products with more bioaccessible liposoluble bioactive compounds. This model can be used to add functionality to a food that typically has low nutritional value.
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•Carotenoid incorporation in a low-fat, oil-in-water (O/W) food emulsion.•Utilization of carotenoid-rich Amazonian by-products to produce O/W.•The developed O/W has high carotenoid bioaccessibility.•The developed O/W has high antioxidant activity.•The developed O/W has high thermal and gravimetric stability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The demand for natural products has significantly increased, driving interest in carotenoids as bioactive compounds for both human and animal consumption. Carotenoids, natural pigments with several ...biological properties, like antioxidant and antimicrobial, are increasingly preferred over synthetic colorants by the consumers (chemophobia). The global carotenoid market is projected to reach US$ 2.45 billion by 2034, driven by consumer preferences for natural ingredients and regulatory restrictions on synthetic products. Among carotenoids, bacterioruberin (BR), a C50 carotenoid naturally found in microbial hyperhalophilic archaea and in moderate halophilic archaea, stands out for its exceptional antioxidant capabilities, surpassing even well-known carotenoids like astaxanthin. BR's and its derivatives unique structure, with 13 conjugated double bonds and four -OH groups, contributes to its potent antioxidant activity and potential applications in food, feed, supplements, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. This review explores BR's chemical and biological properties, upstream and downstream technologies, analytical techniques, market applications, and prospects in the colorants industry. While BR is not intended to replace existing carotenoids, its inclusion enriches the range of natural products available to meet the rising demand for natural alternatives. Furthermore, BR's promising antioxidant capacity positions it as a key player in the future carotenoid market, offering diverse industries a natural and potent alternative for several applications.
•Bacterioruberin (BR), stands out for its exceptional antioxidant capabilities.•BR is not intended to replace existing carotenoids.•BR's promising antioxidant capacity positions it as a key player in the future carotenoid market.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Rosemary and sage are composed of bioactive molecules in high demand by the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries to produce value-added products. After the industrial extraction of essential ...oils, the raw material still has nonvolatile compounds interesting for other commercial products. The nonvolatile fraction comprises terpenes and phenolic acids (rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, and derivatives), which are economically valuable. Modern extraction techniques integrated with other processes within the biorefinery are highly needed to obtain well-evaluated products from these plant matrices.
The chemical and biological features of such compounds from rosemary and sage were reviewed and deeply discussed. Recovery technologies, including the influence of operational parameters on extract yield and concentration, were addressed in the past 20 years of available literature. Critical issues for modern production systems, such as applying emerging solvents and developing platforms for zero-waste biorefineries, were also highlighted.
The bioactive compounds of rosemary and sage stand out for their specific biological properties. This feature allows obtaining well-defined extracts through modern and emerging extraction technologies, enabling higher specificity for industrial applications. Both raw materials are attractive for biorefineries with current production concepts. However, complete studies addressing the biorefinery of these herbs from a technical, scalable, economic, and environmental point of view are still needed.
•Rosemary and sage are promising to be used in biorefinery towards the zero-waste concept.•Non-volatile fraction from rosemary and sage display attractive biological properties.•Phenolic acids and diterpenes rich extract plays target roles as a functional food ingredient.•Modern techniques can modulate the extraction to produce single well-defined extracts.•New process platforms for both matrices are still needed, targeting lab-to-industry scales.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
There is a strong industrial interest in the development of greener and more sustainable processes based on the use of renewable resources, and a biorefinery based on marine resources, such as ...macroalgae, stands as a major opportunity toward that end. In this work, Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus), a brown macroalga, was used as a source of pigments to develop an integrated platform that is able to promote the extraction and separation of chlorophyll and fucoxanthin in one single step. The process was studied, and its operational conditions were optimized with yields of extraction of chlorophyll and fucoxanthin of 4.93 ± 0.22 mgchl·gdry biomass –1 and 1956 ± 84 μgfuco·gdry biomass –1, respectively. These results were achieved with extraction systems composed of 84% of an aqueous solution of a tensioactive phosphonium-based ionic liquid (IL) at 350 mM + 16% of sunflower oil, during 40 min, using a solid–liquid ratio of 0.017 gdry biomass·mLsolvent –1. After the separation of both aqueous IL-rich and oil-rich phases, the IL content in both phases was investigated, the oil phase being free of IL. Envisioning the industrial potential of the process developed in this work, the recovery of the IL from the aqueous IL-rich phase of the initial system was attempted by a back-extraction using organic solvents immiscible in water, being shown that 82% of the IL can be recovered and reused in new cycles of extraction. The environmental and economic impacts of the final process proposed for the extraction and fractionation of chlorophyll and fucoxanthin were evaluated. Different scenarios were considered, but summing up the main results, the solvents’ recycling allowed better results, proving the economic and environmental viability of the overall process.
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This study delves into an innovative biorefinery approach to extract multiple high-value compounds from a single biomass source,
Halobacterium salinarum
R1, a resilient halophilic microorganism. By ...using bio-based solvents, namely an aqueous solution of gamma-valerolactone (GVL) and ethanol, a simple and efficient pipeline approach was developed, recovering unique pigments, including C
50
bacterioruberin, as well as two additional fractions consisting of protein and polysaccharides. The process is based on sustainable engineering and green chemistry principles, providing a viable alternative to replacing non-renewable solvents. The study addresses environmental concerns by employing bio-based solvents while presenting a cost-effective and sustainable solution. This approach contributes to developing a high-performance and sustainable alternative, promoting the development of a blue bioeconomy.
An innovative biorefinery approach was developed to obtain multiple high-value compounds from a marine bacterium. Bio-based solvents as sustainable alternatives to develop more sustainable downstream processes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Propolis is highly diverse and has various health benefits for humans. However, standardizing propolis-based products for use in the pharmaceutical and food industries is challenging. Efficient ...extraction processes are essential to maximize their biological potential. Ethanol is commonly used as a solvent but has several drawbacks, such as residual flavor and limitations for some individuals. Water is an alternative, but it is not as effective as ethanol. In this context, new strategies are being explored to find an alternative to ethanol and improve water’s performance as a solvent. To this end, a new extraction platform of phenolic compounds from Brazilian green propolis using eutectic solvents was developed. Betaine: citric acid (1:2) with 50 wt % of water was found to be the most efficient solvent, with a yield of extraction around 100 mgpolyphenol gpropolis –1 under optimum conditions with an ultrasound-assisted extraction approach (UAE). In vitro biological assays were performed to evaluate the potential of this new extract, mainly regarding antioxidant, antihypertensive, lipase inhibition, and antimicrobial activity. Our results indicate that the eutectic solvent selected in the extraction process enhances the biological potential of the green propolis extract, opening the doors for the development of semi-finished products active against inflammation biological pathways.
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IMPORTANCE: The effects of intensive care unit (ICU) visiting hours remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a flexible family visitation policy in the ICU reduces the incidence of delirium. ...DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cluster-crossover randomized clinical trial involving patients, family members, and clinicians from 36 adult ICUs with restricted visiting hours (<4.5 hours per day) in Brazil. Participants were recruited from April 2017 to June 2018, with follow-up until July 2018. INTERVENTIONS: Flexible visitation (up to 12 hours per day) supported by family education (n = 837 patients, 652 family members, and 435 clinicians) or usual restricted visitation (median, 1.5 hours per day; n = 848 patients, 643 family members, and 391 clinicians). Nineteen ICUs started with flexible visitation, and 17 started with restricted visitation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcome was incidence of delirium during ICU stay, assessed using the CAM-ICU. Secondary outcomes included ICU-acquired infections for patients; symptoms of anxiety and depression assessed using the HADS (range, 0 best to 21 worst) for family members; and burnout for ICU staff (Maslach Burnout Inventory). RESULTS: Among 1685 patients, 1295 family members, and 826 clinicians enrolled, 1685 patients (100%) (mean age, 58.5 years; 47.2% women), 1060 family members (81.8%) (mean age, 45.2 years; 70.3% women), and 737 clinicians (89.2%) (mean age, 35.5 years; 72.9% women) completed the trial. The mean daily duration of visits was significantly higher with flexible visitation (4.8 vs 1.4 hours; adjusted difference, 3.4 hours 95% CI, 2.8 to 3.9; P < .001). The incidence of delirium during ICU stay was not significantly different between flexible and restricted visitation (18.9% vs 20.1%; adjusted difference, −1.7% 95% CI, −6.1% to 2.7%; P = .44). Among 9 prespecified secondary outcomes, 6 did not differ significantly between flexible and restricted visitation, including ICU-acquired infections (3.7% vs 4.5%; adjusted difference, −0.8% 95% CI, −2.1% to 1.0%; P = .38) and staff burnout (22.0% vs 24.8%; adjusted difference, −3.8% 95% CI, −4.8% to 12.5%; P = .36). For family members, median anxiety (6.0 vs 7.0; adjusted difference, −1.6 95% CI, −2.3 to −0.9; P < .001) and depression scores (4.0 vs 5.0; adjusted difference, −1.2 95% CI, −2.0 to −0.4; P = .003) were significantly better with flexible visitation. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients in the ICU, a flexible family visitation policy, vs standard restricted visiting hours, did not significantly reduce the incidence of delirium. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02932358
The effective removal of heavy metals from aqueous wastes is among the most important issues for many industrialized countries. The traditional treatment methods used to remove heavy metals from ...wastewaters have certain disadvantages such as incomplete metal removal, high reagent and energy requirements, generation of toxic sludge or other waste products that require disposal. The search for alternative and innovate treatment techniques has focused attention on the use of biological materials for metal removal and recovery technologies. Biosorption has gained important credibility during recent years because of its good performance and low cost.
In the present study, the biosorption capacity of powder from coconut shell was studied for cadmium. The adsorption capacity of biomass was investigated by batch experiments. The influence of metal ion concentration and pH were evaluated and the results were fitted using adsorption isotherm models. The kinetic of cadmium biosorption was also investigated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Iron is an essential element for the survival of microorganisms in vitro and in vivo, acting as a cofactor of several enzymes and playing a critical role in host-parasite relationships. Leishmania ...(Viannia) braziliensis is a parasite that is widespread in the new world and considered the major etiological agent of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Although iron depletion leads to promastigote and amastigote growth inhibition, little is known about the role of iron in the biology of Leishmania. Furthermore, there are no reports regarding the importance of iron for L. (V.) braziliensis.
In this study, the effect of iron on the growth, ultrastructure and protein expression of L. (V.) braziliensis was analyzed by the use of the chelator 2,2-dipyridyl. Treatment with 2,2-dipyridyl affected parasites' growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Multiplication of the parasites was recovered after reinoculation in fresh culture medium. Ultrastructural analysis of treated promastigotes revealed marked mitochondrial swelling with loss of cristae and matrix and the presence of concentric membranar structures inside the organelle. Iron depletion also induced Golgi disruption and intense cytoplasmic vacuolization. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of tetramethylrhodamine ester-stained parasites showed that 2,2-dipyridyl collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential. The incubation of parasites with propidium iodide demonstrated that disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential was not associated with plasma membrane permeabilization. TUNEL assays indicated no DNA fragmentation in chelator-treated promastigotes. In addition, two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that treatment with the iron chelator induced up- or down-regulation of proteins involved in metabolism of nucleic acids and coordination of post-translational modifications, without altering their mRNA levels.
Iron chelation leads to a multifactorial response that results in cellular collapse, starting with the interruption of cell proliferation and culminating in marked mitochondrial impairment in some parasites and their subsequent cell death, whereas others may survive and resume proliferating.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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