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•Olive leaves were dried in a conveyor belt dryer aimed at supercritical extraction.•Influence of drying conditions on extraction was investigated.•Leaf temperature and output ...moisture were successfully predicted by a drying model.•Higher extraction yields and AA were found in samples dried at 50 °C for 300 min.•Total phenolic compounds content was enhanced in samples dried at 70 °C for 60 min.
The influence of drying conditions on the composition of supercritical extracts recovered from olive leaves was investigated. Leaves were dried on a conveyor belt and the effects of air temperature and residence time on the extraction kinetics, global yield, antioxidant activity, total polyphenols content and chemical profiles of the extracts were evaluated. Inlet air temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 °C with residence times of 180, 120 and 60 min, respectively were tested. A model based on mass and energy balances with effective heat and mass transfer coefficients fitted from experimental data was used to describe the drying process. The temperature and output moisture of the leaves were well predicted by the model. The extraction kinetics was not significantly affected by the drying conditions (air temperature and residence time), but the extraction yield was enhanced for samples dried at 50 °C/180 min whereas the higher values of antioxidant activity and phenolic contents were found at 60 °C/120 min. Sovová’s model was effective in describing the supercritical extraction of olive leaves and can be used to estimate the extraction kinetics and mass transfer coefficients.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To analyze inequalities in incidence, mortality, and estimated survival for neoplasms in men according to social vulnerability.
Analysis of cases and deaths of all neoplasms and the five most common ...in men aged 30 years or older in the city of Campinas (SP), between 2010 and 2014, using data from the Population-Based Cancer Registry (RCBP) and the Mortality Information System (SIM). The areas of residence were grouped into five social vulnerability strata (SVS) using São Paulo Social Vulnerability Index. For each SVS, age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated. A five-year survival proxy was calculated by complementing the ratio of the mortality rate to the incidence rate. Inequalities between strata were measured by the ratios between rates, the relative inequality index (RII) and the angular inequality index (AII).
RII revealed that the incidence of all neoplasms (0.66, 95%CI 0.62-0.69) and colorectal and lung cancers were lower among the most socially vulnerable, who presented a higher incidence of stomach and oral cavity cancer. Mortality rates for stomach, oral cavity, prostate and all types of cancer were higher in the most vulnerable segments, with no differences in mortality for colorectal and lung cancer. Survival was lower in the most social vulnerable stratum for all types of cancer studied. AII showed excess cases in the least vulnerable and deaths in the most vulnerable. Social inequalities were different depending on the tumor location and the indicator analyzed.
There is a trend of reversal of inequalities between incidence-mortality and incidence-survival, and the most social vulnerable segment presents lower survival rates for the types of cancer, pointing to the existence of inequality in access to early diagnosis and effective and timely treatment.
This study aims to analyze inequalities in the incidence, mortality, and survival of the main types of cancer in women according to the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). The study was conducted in ...Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, from 2010 to 2014, and used data from the Population-based Cancer Registry and the Mortality Information System. Incidence and mortality rates standardized by age and 5-year survival estimates were calculated according to the social vulnerability strata (SVS), based on the São Paulo Social Vulnerability Index. Three SVS were delimited, with SVS1 being the lowest level of vulnerability and SVS3 being the highest. Rate ratios and the concentration index were calculated. The significance level was 5%. Women in SVS1 had a higher risk of breast cancer (0.46; 95%CI: 0.41; 0.51), colorectal cancer (0.56; 95%CI: 0.47; 0.68), and thyroid cancer (0.32; 95%CI: 0.26; 0.40), whereas women from SVS3 had a higher risk of cervical cancer (2.32; 95%CI: 1.63; 3.29). Women from SVS1 had higher mortality rates for breast (0.69; 95%CI: 0.53; 0.88) and colorectal cancer (0.69; 95%CI: 0.59; 0.80) and women from SVS3 had higher rates for cervical (2.35; 95%CI: 1.57; 3.52) and stomach cancer (1.43; 95%CI: 1.06; 1.91). Women of highest social vulnerability had lower survival rates for all types of cancer. The observed inequalities differed according to the location of the cancer and the analyzed indicator. Inequalities between incidence, mortality, and survival tend to revert and the latter is always unfavorable to the segment of highest vulnerability, indicating the existence of inequality in access to early diagnosis and timely treatment.
•PBZ restricts cell expansion at the mango stem apex.•PBZ causes accumulation of phenolic and lipophilic compounds in the leaves.•Cell expansion and axillary bud formation indicate floral ...differentiation.•Floral differentiation involves ontogenesis of the inflorescence axes and flowers.•Flowering occurs under semiarid conditions in eight stages over 32 days.
Mango flowering induction using the gibberellin synthesis repressor paclobutrazol (PBZ) allows off-season production and two annual harvests under semiarid growing conditions. Structural and cytological changes in the stem apex and leaves resulting from the application of the PBZ technique are unknown, however, as are the patterns of development of reproductive structures. We sought to investigate the morphological, histological, and cytological aspects of floral induction in 'Palmer' mangos using PBZ, and to characterize its flowering in a semiarid region of Brazil. Anatomical evaluations of stem apices were performed, and ultrastructural and micromorphometric evaluations were made of leaves at 30, 60 and 90 days after PBZ application, as well as under control conditions. The ontogenesis of the plant’s inflorescence was characterized and flowering was described under field conditions. PBZ caused restrictions of cell expansion and the accumulation of both cells and phenolic compounds in the stem apex related to the transition to the reproductive phase. Floral induction does not provoke significant changes in leaf micromorphometry, although phenolic compounds, calcium oxalate crystals, and lipophilic substances accumulate in the mesophyll. Cell expansion and the formation of axillary buds at the stem apex indicate floral differentiation and the triggering of ontogenesis of the inflorescence, with the development of inflorescence axes and flowers. Flowering occurs in eight stages over 32 days, and the descriptions presented here should be useful for enhancing floral induction and mango orchard management.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Evaluated lead (Pb2+) sorption capacity of the new hybrid material: yeast modified with silsesquioxane (YS).•YS is the highly promissory as sorbent of lead in high concentrations.•Toxicity tests, it ...was confirmed the harmful and irreversible effect of lead (1 and 3μM) on neuronal activity.
Lead is a heavy metal of high impact for the environment as well as for human health, being cause of several diseases. Considering the importance of obtaining an effective treatment for lead removal, a new hybrid material was developed for sorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution. The effect of pH, temperature, liquid/solid ratio (g/cm3) and lead concentration on the sorption capacity of yeasts chemically modified with cubic silsesquioxane (YS) was analyzed. Additionally, the toxicity of lead on the neuronal activity was also investigated in order to assess whether the damage caused by the Pb2+ ion is reversible or not. The YS is highly promissory as sorbent of lead in high concentrations (100 and 500ppm), reaching high efficiency in short contact times (15min), and at the natural pH (4) of the Pb2+ solution and room temperature. The best sorption obtained was 82% removal and 248mg/g with 500cm3/g sorbent, pH 4, room temperature and contact time of 15min. Besides, such high efficiencies are obtained with low quantities of biosorbent, when compared with other similar materials. The impact of lead on neuronal function was studied by measuring autofluorescence signals, associated with changes in cellular metabolism, at the hippocampal CA3 area in brain slices. In this toxicity tests, the effect of low concentrations of lead (1 and 3μM) on neuronal activity was evaluated. After removal of the lead, the irreversibility of the observed changes can be verified, which suggests the existence of neuronal damages.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
We aimed to analyze the effect of a head-to-head virtual race on 20-km time trial performance in well-trained mentally fatigued cyclists. A total of 24 male professional cyclists participated in the ...present study, which was conducted in a within-factors design four experimental conditions × four times (throughout 20-km time trial cycling). An avatar representing the participant on the racecourse was visible during the time trials. Then, a second virtual avatar representing the opponent was projected onto the screen in the mental fatigue head-to-head and control head-to-head experimental conditions. Measurements rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, and eye-tracking measures (i.e., pupil diameter) were performed every 5-km throughout the 20-km time trial. As a result, impaired total time, power output, and cadence throughout the 20-km cycling time trial were found for mental fatigue compared to mental fatigue head-to-head, control head-to-head, and control conditions (p < 0.05). Also, impaired 20-km time trial performance (total time, power output, and cadence) was found for mental fatigue head-to-head compared to control head-to-head (p < 0.05). Moreover, lower RPE was found for the control and control head-to-head conditions than mental fatigue head-to-head and mental fatigue experimental conditions (p < 0.05). Higher pupil diameter was also found for mental fatigue head-to-head, control head-to-head, and control than the mental fatigue experimental condition (p < 0.05). In summary, the overall performance throughout the 20-km cycling time trial was improved by the presence of a virtual opponent for the mentally fatigued cyclists.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, spectroscopic and thermoanalytical techniques were used to characterize the new chemical entity GQ-238 isolated and associated with pharmaceutical excipients (PEG 6000, PVP K-30 and ...Soluplus
®
). The GQ-238 is an indole-thiazolidine analogue with promising antiparasitic activity and effective against worm adult of the
Schistosoma mansoni
and the protozoan
Trypanosoma cruzi
in vitro. These parasites cause diseases considered debilitating, affecting millions of people worldwide. The objective of this research was to perform the physicochemical characterization of GQ-238. X-ray powder diffraction analysis indicated crystalline nature sample, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed particles with crystalline needle-like habit. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a crystalline compound having a melting point of 271.4 °C (Δ
H
= 73.8 J g
−1
) and purity of 99.5%. Thermogravimetry showed that the substance was stable up to 290 °C with two-step degradation. Kinetic studies using isothermal and non-isothermal methods have shown that the thermal degradation of the compound follows zero-order kinetics and activation energy of 144.7 kJ mol
−1
. Therefore, the GQ-238 is presented as a pure crystalline powder with high thermal stability.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Benzodioxole derivatives are known to possess a broad spectrum of activities such. In addition to the synthetic derivatives, natural products that have the benzodioxole subunit, such as piperine, ...have shown potential anti-tumor activity through induction of apoptosis and antiparasitic activity. Thus, compounds containing the benzodioxole subunit have a broad spectrum of activity and raise expectations in therapeutic innovation. Through the analysis of the compounds by conventional spectroscopic methods (
1
H NMR and
13
C NMR), it was possible to observe that all of them fulfilled the prerequisites for the structural characterizations. The information being corroborated through the characterization by pyrolysis coupled to the mass spectrometer, since all the compounds presented characteristic fragments with the respective masses. In addition to having performed the thermal analysis of the NW-11 derivative by means of TG, DSC and obtaining the degradation kinetics of the derivative. As for the antiproliferative activity, it was possible to conclude that among all benzoindoxole derivatives tested, NW-03 can be pointed out as promising in the study for antitumor activity. While for the results of the antiparasitic activity, it was possible to choose the derivatives NW-02 and NW-09 as potential trypanocidal. For activity against
Leishmania
, the compound NW-14 presented itself as the promising compound, in addition to the compounds NW-2 and NW-15, indicating the importance of the aromatic nucleus unsubstituted in thiosemicarbazones in the increase of the antiparasitic activity.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Brazil has the highest SARS-CoV-2 case-fatality rate in pregnant women in the Americas. In this study, clinical and virological findings of five mildly symptomatic pregnant women and their infected ...fetuses/newborns treated at a referral hospital for COVID19-pregnant women in Midwestern Brazil are reported. Mother and fetal samples were tested by RT-qPCR, ECLIA and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. From the five cases, one resulted in spontaneous abortion, one was stillborn, two were preterm births and one full-term birth. Maternal and fetal placenta, newborn and stillborn secretions were SARS-CoV-2+; one neonate developed ground-glass opacities in his lungs. One neonate's umbilical cord was IgG+ and all were IgM negative upon hospital discharge. Genomes recovered from two placentas belong to the B.1.1.28 and B.1.1.33 lineages and present nonsynonymous mutations associated with virus fitness and infectivity; other not frequently reported mutations (B.1.1.33: NSP3 V2090G, M A2S and ORF3ab S253P and Y264N; B.1.1.28: NSP3 E995D, NSP12 R240K, NSP14H1897Y and in ORF7b V21F) were found in proteins involved in viral replication, viral induction of apoptosis, viral interference on interferon and on NF-Κβ pathways. Phylogeny indicates the south of Brazil as the possible origin of these lineages circulating in Mato Grosso State. These findings contribute to describe SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes in pregnant women and their fetuses, at any stage of gestation and even in mild symptomatic cases.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract Background Candida albicans is the main agent that causes vulvovaginal candidiasis. Resistance among isolates to azole antifungal agents has been reported. Aims Due to the well-known ...antifungal potential of curcumin, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vitro anticandidal activity of curcumin and its effect in the treatment of experimental vulvovaginal candidiasis. Methods The anticandidal activity of curcumin was investigated against eight Candida strains by the broth microdilution assay, and its mechanism of action was evaluated by testing the binding to ergosterol. Then, the effect of curcumin in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis was evaluated in an immunosuppressed, estrogen treated rat model. Results Curcumin showed minimum inhibitory concentration values of 125–1000 μg/ml, and the best result was observed against Candida glabrata . The compound was shown to be able to bind to the ergosterol present in the membrane, event that may be the mechanism of action. In addition, in the in vivo model of vulvovaginal candidiasis with C. albicans , treatments reduced the vaginal fungal burden in infected rats after seven days of treatment with different doses. Conclusions Curcumin could be considered a promising effective antifungal agent in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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