Previous non-simultaneous PET/MR studies have shown heterogeneous results about the correlation between standardized uptake values (SUVs) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs). The aim of this ...study was to investigate correlations in patients with primary and recurrent tumors using a simultaneous PET/MRI system which could lead to a better understanding of tumor biology and might play a role in early response assessment.
We included 31 patients with histologically confirmed primary (n = 14) or recurrent cervical cancer (n = 17) who underwent simultaneous whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/MRI comprising DWI. Image analysis was performed by a radiologist and a nuclear physician who identified tumor margins and quantified ADC and SUV. Pearson correlations were calculated to investigate the association between ADC and SUV.
92 lesions were detected. We found a significant inverse correlation between SUVmax and ADCmin (r = -0.532, p = 0.05) in primary tumors as well as in primary metastases (r = -0.362, p = 0.05) and between SUVmean and ADCmin (r = -0.403, p = 0.03). In recurrent local tumors we found correlations for SUVmax and ADCmin (r = -0.747, p = 0.002) and SUVmean and ADCmin (r = -0.773, p = 0.001). Associations for recurrent metastases were not significant (p>0.05).
Our study demonstrates the feasibility of fast and reliable measurement of SUV and ADC with simultaneous PET/MRI. In patients with cervical cancer we found significant inverse correlations for SUV and ADC which could play a major role for further tumor characterization and therapy decisions.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Activated brown fat (aBAT) is known to affect the evaluation of 18F-FDG PET scans, especially in young patients. The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing the occurrence of aBAT, and ...to investigate the effectiveness of the two preventive measures, warming and beta-blocker (propranolol) administration. Five-hundred-twenty-eight 18F-FDG-PET scans of 241 EuroNet-PHL-C2 trial patients from 41 nuclear medicine departments in Germany and Czech Republic were screened for aBAT. The occurrence of aBAT was analyzed with patient characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, predisposition to aBAT), weather data at the day of 18F-FDG PET scanning as well as the preventive measures taken. Potentially important factors from univariate analyses were included into a logistic regression model. Warming as a preventive measure was used in 243 18F-FDG-PET scans, propranolol was administered in 36, warming and propranolol were combined in 84, and no preventive measures were taken in 165 scans. Whereas age, sex and body mass index had no clear impact, there was an individual predisposition to aBAT. Logistic regression model revealed that the frequency of aBAT mainly depends on the outside temperature (p = 0.005) and can be effectively reduced by warming (p = 0.004), the administration of unselective beta-blocker or the combination of both. Warming is a simple, cheap and non-invasive method to reduce the frequency of aBAT. However, the effect of warming decreases with increasing outside temperatures. Administration of propranolol seems to be equally effective and provides advantages whenever the positive effect of warming is compromised. The combination of both preventive measures could have an additive effect.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
The diagnosis and management of periprosthetic knee and hip infections as well as the identification and management of possible additional infectious foci is of great importance for ...successful therapy. This study analyses the importance of
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F deoxyglucose PET-CT (PET-CT) in the identification of additional infectious focus and subsequent impact on management of periprosthetic infection (PPI).
Material and methods
A retrospective analysis of the clinical data and findings in the period from January 2008 to December 2018 was carried out. One hundred and four patients with in-hospital treatment due to PPI of a hip or knee joint were identified and included in this study. All patients underwent a standardized clinical examination and further surgical and antibiotic therapy. The reevaluation of performed PET-CTs was specifically carried out with regard to the local PPI or detection of secondary foci.
Results
PET-CT successfully verified the PPI in 84.2% of the patients. A total of 78 possible additional foci were detected in PET-CT in 56 (53.8%) of the examined patients. Predilection sites for possible secondary foci were joints (42.3%), pulmonary (15.4%), ear-nose-throat (15.4%), spine (11.5%), and the musculocutaneous tissues (11.5%). Fifty-four positive PET-CT findings were confirmed clinically with need of additional adequate treatment.
Conclusion
PET-CT is a valuable diagnostic tool to confirm periprosthetic joint infection. At the same time, the whole-body PET/CT may detect additional foci of infection with impact on subsequent treatment strategy. PET was of special value in detecting infections at distant locations far from the primary infected joint in significant number. These distant infection locations can be potential cause of a re-infection. This clearly reflects the need of their diagnosis.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The development of hydrogen energy and, in particular, high-performance submersible liquid hydrogen (LH) pumps requires superconducting bearings which can trap magnetic fields up to 1 T at 20 K. MgB ...2 is hence a promising candidate for this application. The superconducting properties and microstructure of differently prepared MgB 2 were compared and the ability of different composite materials to trap magnetic fields was studied. Hollow cylinders of the same geometry were manufactured from hot pressed (under 30 MPa) blocks prepared from Mg:2B with Ti, TiC and Ti-O additives as well as from melt-textured YBCO ceramics. The high critical current densities and critical magnetic fields should ensure high trapped fields in all these materials. Indeed all materials demonstrated the required performance; however, flux jumps are a serious issue in MgB 2 even in crack free cylinders and impeded higher trapped fields.
Aim
In 2015, the revised International Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Staging System was published. It mentions
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F-FDG-PET/MRI as the latest method to perform whole-body imaging. However, ...supporting data are pending. Our aim was to investigate the performance of whole-body
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F-FDG-PET/MRI in pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients by using a limited number of MRI sequences.
Materials and methods
Ten pediatric patients with histologically proven non-Hodgkin lymphoma underwent whole-body
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F-FDG-PET/MRI at staging. The retrospective analysis included three steps: First,
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F-FDG-PET and MR scans were evaluated separately by a nuclear medicine physician and a pediatric radiologist. Nineteen nodal and two extranodal regions as well as six organs were checked for involvement. Second, discrepant findings were reviewed together in order to reach consensus. Third,
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F-FDG-PET/MRI findings were correlated with the results of other clinical investigations.
Results
Of the 190 lymph node regions evaluated, four were rated controversial. Consensus was reached by considering metabolic, functional and morphologic information combined. Concordantly,
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F-FDG-PET and MRI detected Waldeyer’s ring involvement in two patients whose Waldeyer’s ring was negative on clinical assessment. In four patients MRI showed pleural effusion. However, in only two of them an increased glucose metabolism as a reliable sign of pleural involvement was detectable. In six patients
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F-FDG-PET and MRI detected skeletal lesions although bone marrow biopsy was positive in only one of them.
Conclusion
Despite the small number of cases evaluated, whole-body
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F-FDG-PET turned out to be a valuable tool for staging of pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Aims/hypothesis
Carbohydrate-free diet prevents hyperglycaemia and beta cell destruction in the New Zealand Obese (NZO) mouse model. Here we have used a sequential dietary regimen to dissociate the ...effects of obesity and hyperglycaemia on beta cell function and integrity, and to study glucose-induced alterations of key transcription factors over 16 days.
Methods
Mice were rendered obese by feeding a carbohydrate-free diet for 18 weeks. Thereafter, a carbohydrate-containing diet was given. Plasma glucose, plasma insulin and total pancreatic insulin were determined, and forkhead box O1 protein (FOXO1) phosphorylation and the transcription factors pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), NK6 homeobox 1 protein (NKX6.1) and v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A (avian) (MAFA) were monitored by immunohistochemistry for 16 days.
Results
Dietary carbohydrates produced a rapid and continuous increase in plasma glucose in NZO mice between day 2 and 16 after the dietary challenge. Hyperglycaemia caused a dramatic dephosphorylation of FOXO1 at day 2, followed by a progressive depletion of insulin stores. The loss of beta cells was triggered by apoptosis (detectable at day 8), associated with reduction of crucial transcription factors (PDX1, NKX6.1 and MAFA). Incubation of isolated islets from carbohydrate-restricted NZO mice or MIN6 cells with palmitate and glucose for 48 h resulted in a dephosphorylation of FOXO1 and thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 (AKT) without changing the protein levels of both proteins.
Conclusions/interpretation
The dietary regimen dissociates the effects of obesity (lipotoxicity) from those of hyperglycaemia (glucotoxicity) in NZO mice. Obese NZO mice are unable to compensate for the carbohydrate challenge by increasing insulin secretion or synthesising adequate amounts of insulin. In response to the hyperglycaemia, FOXO1 is dephosphorylated, leading to reduced levels of beta cell-specific transcription factors and to apoptosis of the cells.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma treatment optimisation concepts aim at reduction of treatment intensity with preservation of the high cure rates. A negative interim FDG-PET result after 2 cycles of ...chemotherapy is associated with a good prognosis. In the current EuroNet-PHL-C1 study radiotherapy is being omitted, if interim PET becomes negative. In addition to the early interim PET after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, all patients undergo an initial PET investigation which is part of the staging processs and plays an essential role for the interpretation of the interim PET. Skeletal involvement can be detected by a typical FDG-PET uptake pattern with high sensitivity and specifity. Therefore, in the forthcoming EuroNet-PHL-C2 study bone marrow biopsy and bone scintigraphy will no longer be part of the staging algorithm.
ABSTRACT The agronomic and physical traits of corn are fundamental for producers and industries that use this cereal as a raw material since they interfere in the industrialization processes, yield, ...and quality of the final products. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic and physical traits of the grain in transgenic and conventional corn hybrids grown in the first crop season (summer) in Paraná State. Three experiments were set up in 2017/18, 2018/19, and 2019/20 crop seasons. A randomized block design with three replications was used. Eight hybrids (Supremo Vip, Supremo, P30F53VYH, P30F53, P3456H, P3456, DKB290PRO3, DKB290) were evaluated. The physical traits of grains for industrial purposes, such as grits, germ, vitreousness, flotation, and hectoliter weight, and the agronomic traits (percentage of rot grains, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield) were evaluated. The hybrids and crop seasons influence the industrial physical traits of grits and germ. The hybrids Supremo (conventional), Supremo Vip (transgenic), and P3456 (conventional) had the best results. The hybrids and crop season influenced the flotation, hectoliter weight, and vitreousness, highlighting the hybrids Supremo (conventional), Supremo Vip (transgenic), P30F53 (conventional), P30F53 VYH (transgenic), P3456 (conventional), P3456 VYH (transgenic), with the best results. The conventional hybrids showed industrial superiority compared to transgenic hybrids for grits, flotation, and vitreousness.
RESUMO As características agronômicas e físicas do milho são fundamentais para produtores e indústrias que utilizam este cereal como matéria-prima, pois, interferem nos processos de industrialização, rendimento e qualidade dos produtos finais. Desse modo, o objetivo com este estudo foi avaliar as características agronômicas e físicas do grão de híbridos de milho transgênicos e convencionais cultivados na primeira safra (verão) no Estado do Paraná. Foram instalados três experimentos, nas safras agrícolas 2017/18, 2018/19 e 2019/20. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com oito híbridos: (Supremo Vip, Supremo, P30F53VYH, P30F53, P3456H, P3456, DKB290PRO3, DKB290) e três repetições. Foram avaliadas as características físicas dos grãos para fins industriais como a canjica, gérmen, vitreosidade, flutuação e peso hectolitro, e as características agronômicas como a porcentagem de grãos ardidos, peso de mil grãos e produtividade de grãos. A canjica e gérmen são influenciados pela escolha do híbrido e pela safra agrícola avaliada, em que os híbridos Supremo (convencional), Supremo Vip (transgênico) e P3456 (convencional) apresentaram os melhores resultados. As características físicas de flutuação, peso hectolitro e vitreosidade foram influenciadas pela escolha do híbrido e safra agrícola avaliada, destacando-se os híbridos Supremo (convencional), Supremo Vip (transgênico), P30F53 (convencional), P30F53 VYH (transgênico), P3456 (convencional), P3456 VYH (transgênico), com os melhores resultados. Os híbridos convencionais mostraram superioridade industrial comparados aos híbridos transgênicos para canjica, flutuação e vitreosidade.
Across all cultures and over all time periods, as early as the third millennium BC, indigo, a very intense blue vat dye, has been used to dye textiles. Even today, indigo is regarded as one of the ...most popular blue colorants in items such as blue jeans. While synthetic indigo is used to color textiles today, throughout history, a variety of plants have provided indigo. In this special feature article, René Csuk and co‐authors propose to use atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry (ASAP‐MS) to very rapidly and reliably identify indigo colorants tiny amounts in ancient historic fabrics without any sample preparation. The ionization in ASAP experiments is effected by Penning ionization or by the transfer of protons originating from protonated clusters of water. Dr. René Csuk is Professor of organic bioorganic chemistry at the Martin‐Luther Universität Halle‐Wittenberg (Halle, Germany). His main research interests are in organic and medicinal chemistry, chemical biology and phytochemistry.
Graphical : Historical samples can be investigated conveniently using ASAP®‐MS experiments. ASAP®‐MS allowed for rapid direct sampling without any preparation of the sample prior to its measurements, and reliable results were generated in less than 1 minute. As demonstrated for indigoid‐type dyes, the efficacy of ASAP®‐MS analysis is independent of the type of fiber, the age of the sample, the workmanship, and the state of preservation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
In 2014, we published the qPET method to quantify fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) responses. Analysis of the distribution of the quantified signals suggested that a ...clearly abnormal FDG‐PET response corresponds to a visual Deauville score (vDS) of 5 and high qPET values ≥ 2. Evaluation in long‐term outcome data is still pending. Therefore, we analyzed progression‐free survival (PFS) by early FDG‐PET response in a subset of the GPOH‐HD2002 trial for pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (PHL).
Patients/Methods
Pairwise FDG‐PET scans for initial staging and early response assessment after two cycles of chemotherapy were available in 93 PHL patients. vDS and qPET measurement were performed and related to PFS.
Results
Patients with a qPET value ≥ 2.0 or vDS of 5 had 5‐year PFS rates of 44%, respectively 50%. Those with qPET values < 2.0 or vDS 1 to 4 had 5‐year PFS rates of 90%, respectively 80%. The positive predictive value of FDG‐PET response assessment increased from 18% (9%; 33%) using a qPET threshold of 0.95 (vDS ≤ 3) to 30% (13%; 54%) for a qPET threshold of 1.3 (vDS ≤ 4) and to 56% (23%; 85%) when the qPET threshold was ≥ 2.0 (vDS 5). The negative predictive values remained stable at ≥92% (CI: 82%; 98%).
Conclusion
Only strongly enhanced residual FDG uptake in early response PET (vDS 5 or qPET ≥ 2, respectively) seems to be markedly prognostic in PHL when treatment according to the GPOH‐HD‐2002 protocol is given.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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